UNIT 5

HUMAN POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT

Population Density

• Number of individuals of the population per unit area or per unit volume.

• Parameters affecting population per unit area or per unit volume.

Birth rate or Natality Death rate or Mortality Immigration Emigration

POPULATION GROWTH

The rapid growth of global population for the past 100 years from the difference between the rate of birth and death.

Causes of rapid population growth: The rapid population growth is due to decrease in death rate

and increase in birth rate. Availability of antibiotics, immunization, increased food

production, clean water and air decreases the famine- related deaths.

In agricultural based countries, children are required to help parents in the field that is why population increases in the developing countries.

CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION GROWTH

• Exponential growth• Doubling time• Infant morality rate• Total fertility rate• Replacement level• Male/Female ratio• Demographic transition

VARIATION OF POPULATION BASED ON AGE STRUCTURE

• Pyramid shaped• Bell shaped• Urn shaped

Egypt poputation

Population explosion

The enormous increase in population due to low death rate and high birth rate.

Causes:• Modern medical facilities• Life expensive • Illitreracy

Effects:• Poverty• Environmental degradation• Over – exploitation of natural resources• Communal war

Family welfare programme

Objectives:• Slowing down the population explosion• Over exploitation of natural resources

Environment and human health:

Physical Hazards – radioactive and UV radiations, Global warming, Chlorofluro carbon, Noise etc,.

Chemical Hazards – Combination of fossil fuels, industrial effluence, pesticides, heavy metals

Biological Hazards – Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites

HUMAN RIGHTS

HUMAN RIGHT T0• FREEDOM• PROPERTY• FREEDOM OF RELIGION• CULTURE AND EDUCATION• CONSTITUTIONAL REMEEDIES• EQUALITY• AGAINST EXPLOITATION• FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT• GOOD HEALTH

VALUE EDUCATION

TYPES• Formal education• Value education• Value – based environmental education

OBJECTIVES• To improve the integral growth of humanbeing• To create attitudes and improvement towards sustainable lifestyle.• To increase awareness about our national history our cultural and heritage,

constitutional rights, national integration, community development and environment.

• To create and develop awareness about the values and their significance and role.

• To know about various living and non-living organisms and their interaction with environment.

TYPES OF VALUES

• Universal values• Cultural values• Individual values• Global values• Spiritual values

HIV/AIDS

AIDS – Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome caused by virus called HIV

Effects:• Death• Loss of labour• Inability to work• Lack of energy

ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT

REMOTE SENSING

COMPONENTS: Sources of electro magnetic radiation Medium which interacts with this energy Ground objects Sensor to detect and record the changes into electro – magnetic energy.

REMOTE SENSING PLATFORMS:• Air borne – balloons, aircraft, rockets• Space borne – Satellite

TYPES OF SATELLITE BASED ON ORBIT• Geostationary satellite – GEOS, GMS, INSAT• Sun-Synchronous satellite – LANDSAT, SPOT, IRS, IKNOS, QUICK

BIRD

Remote Sensing

Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) has proved to be very effective tool in environment management.

Now, the ongoing changes in the environment can be assessed easily through satellites by remote sensing techniques.

The occurrence of a number of natural calamities like droughts, floods, volcanic eruptions etc., can also be predicted well in advance. Such assessments help the environmentalists and planners to take ameliorative measure to minimize the effects of these extreme natural events.

The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has created an information system called Environmental Information System (ENVIS) with its headquarters in Delhi. It provides a network database in environmental issues like pollution control, renewable energy, desertification, biodiversity etc. 

Database

Database is the collection of inter-related data on various subjects in computerized form which can be retrieved whenever required.

Now the data regarding birth and death rates, immunization and sanitation programs can be maintained more accurately than before in computers at health centers.

Database is also available about the diseases like malaria, fluorosis, AIDS etc.

The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India has taken up the task of compiling a database on various environmental issues like wildlife, forests cover, wasteland etc. 

Human health

Information technology also plays a key role in human health. It helps the doctors to monitor the health of people of that area.

The information regarding outbreak of epidemic diseases from remote areas can be sent more quickly to the district administration to take corrective measures.

Now, patients can seek help of a super specialist doctor placed at far off distance. Many hospitals now, take on-line help of experts to provide better treatment and services to their patients.

This has become possible only because of advancement of IT in the recent times. 

Online Information: It provides vast quantum of information on different subjects including human health and environment.

THANK YOU

SENSOR CLASSIFICATION• Active sensor – (RADAR)• Passive sensor o Photographic camerao Return beam vidcono Thermal Sensoro Optical and mechanical sensorso Advanced remote sensor

SENSOR PARAMETERS• Spatial resolution• Spectral resolution• Radiometric resolution• Temporal resolution

APPLICATIONS:• Agriculture• Forestry• Landcover• Water resources

Data base applications• Ministry of environment and forest• National management information system• Environmental information system

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

Application:• Thematic maps are super imposed using softwares• Interpretation of polluted zones• To check unplanned growth and related environmental problems

Satellite data:• Helps in improving reliable information and data about forest cover• Provide information about forecasting weather• Reserves of oil, minerals can be discovered

WORLD WIDE WEB

Application :

Online learning

Digital files or photos, animations on environmental studies

ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN HEALTH

The health service technology in human health:• Finance and accounting• Pathology• Patient administration

Applications:• Data regarding birth and death rates• To monitor the health of the people effectively• The information regarding the outbreak of the epidemic diseases• Online consultation• Drugs and its replacement