Unit 5 EK Notes

The Atlantic World

Spanish ExplorersEstablishment of overseas empires and decimation (destruction) of indigenous (native) populations•Christopher Columbus- tried to find Asia by sailing west, landed in the islands of the Caribbean; his voyage initiated contact between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

Spanish Explorers•Ferdinand Magellan- led the voyage which was the first to successfully circumnavigate the globe; he died in the Philippines after becoming involved in a tribal conflict. His crew finished the journey back to Spain.

Spanish Explorers

•Hernando Cortez- conquistador who conquered the Aztecs

Spanish Explorers•Francisco Pizarro-conquistador who conquered the Incas

English Explorer•Sir Francis Drake-circumnavigated the globe destroying Spanish ships and holdings

French Explorer•Jacques Cartier- explored and claimed the area around Montreal for the French

Spread of ChristianityMeans of diffusion of Christianity•Migration of colonists to new lands•Influence of Catholics and Protestants, who carried their faith, language, and cultures to new lands•Conversion of indigenous peoples to Christianity

Legacy of Europeans in the Americas•Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European emigration to North and South America•Demise of Aztec, Maya, and Inca Empires•Legacy of a rigid class system based on race and dictatorial rule in Latin America•Forced migration of some Africans into slavery•Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent country

Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange-the exchange of goods, crops, diseases and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres•Western Hemisphere agricultural products such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco changed European lifestyles.•European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians•European diseases like smallpox killed many American Indians

Triangle TradeThe triangular trade linked Europe,Africa, and the Americas. Slaves, sugar, and rum were traded.

Triangle TradeAfrican exports•Slaves (triangular trade)•Raw materials (ivory, gold)

African imports•Manufactured goods from Europe, Asia, and the Americas•New food products (corn, peanuts)

Triangle TradeAfrica•European trading posts along the coast•Trade in slaves, gold, and other products

Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution•European maritime nations competed for overseas markets, colonies, and resources.•A new economic system emerged.•New money and banking systems were created.•Economic practices such as mercantilism evolved.•Colonial economies were limited by the economic needs of the mother country.•Mercantilism: An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country