ART AND CULTURE INTHE MIDDLE AGE

THE IBERIAN PENINSULAMuslim, Romanesque and Gothic Art.

What kind of artwork?Why are there no people in it?

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THE MUSLIM ART: AL ANDALUS

THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL ANDALUS

THE ART AND CULTURE IN AL ANDALUS

Great Mosque of Córdoba

The mosque was built between the 9th and 10th

century, during the Caliphate

Horseshoearch

Marble columnsAnd capitals.

Arco doble“de entibo”

Alcazaba de Badajoz(Military architecture, 12th cent.)

SquareTowers.

Giralda XII century

ALHAMBRA, GRANADA (XIV-XV century)

La Alhambra(14th and 15th century)

CHRISTIAN CULTURE AND ART

The Romanesque Age (11th-13 cent.)The Gothic Age (13th-15th century)

Lenguas romances

In the 10thCentury, Romances Languages Substitute Latin. Latin was onlypreservedas an officialLanguage in the Church and universities.

CULTURE INTERACTION

The Reconquest led to thepresence of Jews, Muslims andChristians in the same kingdoms.Cultural interaction between 11th and 13th century between the three cultures was common.

The Romanesque style:

• Beginning in Cataluña (11th century)– Little rural churches and monasteries:Sta. María de Ripoll, san Pedro de Roda

• The way of Saint James (12th century)– Cathedrals and pilgrimage churches.Frómista, Jaca, Santiago, Isidoro de León, Silos

• The Late Romanesque of Duero (12-13th)– The Romanesque art in the south:Salamanca, Zamora, Toro…

A) THE BEGINNING: CATALUÑA S. Pedro de Roda (1040)

The age ofmonasteries:One of the oldest buildingsIn Romanesquestyle.

SANTA MARÍA DE RIPOLL (11th cent.)

It becamean importantCultural centre In the XI century

Lot of works were Translated fromArab to latin.It became the main Cross point betweenEurope and AlAndalus.

B) THE WAY OF SAINT JAMES

ARAGÓN Y NAVARRA: CATHEDRAL OF JACA

Capital, with King David playing music.

Monastery of Leyre

Apses

Santiago de Compostela

The Romanesque Cathedral was started in1075 and finished in the 12th century.

It`s cross-shaped,With three naves andambulatory.

triforio

Sto. Domingo de Silos

Cloister (beginning 12th century)

Sto. Domingo de Silos

Capitals

ColumnsBase

Taqueadojaqués

San Isodoro de León

Arcoperaltado

Arcolobulado

Barrelvault

BóvedaDe arista

San Isodoro de León

Panteón real: wall paintings(pintura al fresco).

San Martín de Frómista

Triple apse

transept

canecillos

C) ROMÁNICO DEL DUERO Cathedral of Zamora (12th)

Zamora is the first of the so called “Cimborrios del Duero”

Belltower

transept

Colegiata de ToroCimborrioor transepthighlydecorated

Colegiata de ToroTransept(inside)

semicircularDome“cúpulade media naranja”(French-ByzantineInfluence)

Salamanca (12-13th c.)Bizantine and muslim Influence (dome anddecoration)

“Agallas”

ROMANESQUE IN EXTREMADURA: PLASENCIA CATHEDRAL (13-14th century)

The Way of Saint James

CULTURE AND ART IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES

What do we remember fromGothic style?

Late Middle age: the rise of a new culture.

Culture is not onlyReligious and rural any longer:It is urban and civil,And with new goals

Library from the UniversityOf Salamanca (1215)

Gothic style• Cister style (12th-13th cent): - Cister monasteries (Piedra, Oseira)

• Classic Gothic (age of cathedrals) (13-14th cent.)– Castilla: León, Toledo.- Aragón: Barcelona, Mallorca.

• Late Gothic (15-16th cent.) (Flemish and isabeline style)– Civil buildings: castles, palaces and lonjas (stocking

exchange), townhalls…– Cathedrals: Sevilla, Burgos, Salamanca…

Gothic style: Cister

Monasterio de Piedra: Cloister

It is a very austere monastery style, mixing RomanesqueAnd Gothic elements.

Ribbed vault “nervios”

“clave” Pointed arch Butresses

No decoration

Císter. OSEIRA: GIROLA / AMBULATORY (13th cent.)

No decorationBare wallsSimple capitalsRoman andPointed archs.

GOTHIC 13-14th cent.Religious buildings

• Castilla Cathedrals

León

Burgos (14th-15th c.)(flemish/flamboyant)

Toledo(13th century)

Built under French influence(rose windows,pinnacles, flyingbuttresses…)

“Agujas”Spires

GOTHIC (13th-14th cent)Religious buildings

• Aragón Cathedrals

Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca

Santa María del Mar:Wide, high and very austere.

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURECathedral of Sevilla

(15 th cent., Flemish)

GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE• Military architecture

Manzanares El RealCastillo de Peñafiel

Torre de losPúlpitos(Cáceres,15th cent.)

Segovia

Castillo de la mota,Medina del Campo (Valladolid)

matacanes

ArrowSplit(saetera)

gate

Merlons (almenas)

Keep(torre de homenaje)

Gothic architectureCivil architecture (Aragón)

Lonja of Valencia

Palacio de la Generalitat(Barcelona)

Big commercial cities like Barcelonaor Valencia will create civil Buildings for trade and government.

Late Gothic Style ISABELINE STYLE (15th c.)

Palacio del Infantado (15th century)Isabeline style

Decoration is abundant,And sometimes it is done in sucha small scale that seems theWork of goldsmiths.

Arcos flamígeros

Diamonddecoration

Flamígero o conopial

Escarzano o rebajado

Late Gothic Style ISABELINE STYLE (15th c.)

Palacio del Infantado (15th century)Isabeline style

Decoration is abundant,And sometimes it is done in sucha small scale that seems theWork of goldsmiths.

Casa de las Conchas(Salamanca)

Isabeline style (15th cent.)

San Gregorio

San Pablo

Arco flamígero

Coat Of arms

“goldsmith”decoration

Bóveda estrellada (Santiago, Cáceres, siglo XVI)

Nervios

Claves

GOTHIC IN EXTREMADURA: MUDÉJAR – GUADALUPE MONASTERY (Muslim influence)

PointedHorseshoearch

Brick, plasterGeometricaldecoration

Cloister, 1405

PAINTING

Cantigas de Alfonso XMiniaturas de libros.

Fernando Gallego: pintura flamígera.

SCULPTURE

Tomb of Martín Vázquez in the cathedral of Sigüenza

- Matacanes- Arco de dovela- Arco apuntado- Arco de medio punto- Arco flamígero.- Arco rebajado/escarzano- Doble arco de herradura- Alfiz- Espadaña- Coat of arms.- Gargoyles.- Buttresses. - Pinnacles.- Rose windows- Canecillos.- Balcón esquinado- Almohadillado