Unit 4

•What we’ve learned about:•North Africa•Turkey, Iran, and Iraq•The Arabian Peninsula•Eastern Mediterranean

Review Materials

•17.1 and 17.2•Look over reading and reading quizzes

•18.1 foldable, reading, and quiz

•18.2 foldable and reading

•18.3 foldable and reading

•18.4 worksheet in class. Remember, the questions will be simple.

•Arab-Israeli Conflict class work and videos. Videos are here.

NORTH AFRICA

North Africa •Cultures mixed

•Berbers = nomads. They were in North Africa first.•Around the 600s, nomadic Bedouin from the Arabian Peninsula came over to North Africa and began mixing with the Berbers

North Africa

• People settled along the coasts because that’s where the water is… water is really nice… it’s hard to live in the world’s largest desert

• Early civilizations: Egypt•They domesticated animals and were able to grow many crops because of the Nile River (remember, people like water)

North Africa • Europeans come in the mid-1800s

•They’re different than the Arabs – they think differently and have different cultures and customs

•They redraw the borders• Geometric borders (create many problems because they

divide people)

•Nationalism makes people want to get rid of the Europeans

EASTERN MEDITERRANEA

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Religion

•Super important to understand religion in this region•Three major monotheistic religions (believe in one God)

JudaismOne of the oldest monotheistic faithsTrace their history to the ancient Israelites on the eastern bank of the Mediterranean

Christianity the land of Jesus and place of apostles

IslamMuhammad in MeccaIslam quickly spread throughout the region

Independence & Conflict

Jews expelled by Romans Arab empire rise

European countries control a big part of the region until World War II After WWII, Europeans leave. Many new Arab nations arise. So does Israel…

Independence & Conflict

After World War II, the United Nations divided Palestine between the Jews and Arabs

Many wars happened after Israel was createdThese wars caused many problems for Palestinian Arabs living in the area who had to live as refugees in other countries.

Just like the Jews, the Palestinian Arabs also would like their own country.

Arab-Israeli Conflict

The Problem: Israelis and Palestinians each claim the same territory in the Eastern Mediterranean as their own

Conflict remains between the two peoples trying to live in the same area

Attempts at Peace Many different ideas Some argue that the Palestinians should have their own state and live peacefully with Israelis Others argue that they should not

Arab-Israeli Conflict

In 1993, a plan known as the Oslo Accords was enacted that gave Palestinians living in Israel more rights The situation has gotten worse since that time. The government of Palestine is controlled by a group called Hamas, which refused to recognize Israel and has called for violence against the country

Class Activity on Arab-Israeli Conflict

• Gaza Strip & West Bank • Settlements• Efforts for Peace

THE NORTHEAS

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The People

• Four major ethnic groups all related by religion and heritage•Turks

•Ottoman Empire•Speak Turkish; are Muslim

•Iranians• Persian Empire• Speak Farsi; are Muslim

•Arabs• Majority of Iraq• Speak Arabic; are Muslim

•Kurds• Live in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran – have no real home• Speak Kurdish; are Muslim

Oil

Prior to the 1950s, the Arab world was largely rural, nomadic, and not advanced

Oil was discovered in the Gulf in the early 1900s they didn’t make much money because the price was low then

Explosion in production and global sales in the 1940s and 50s

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum [Oil] Exporting Countries) formed in 1950 between Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela Aimed to keep oil prices high Famous oil embargo (ban on trade) in the 1970s in anger over the Arab-Israeli War.