unit 4, part 2 from every corner of the land. short stories short story – brief work of fiction ...
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 4, Part 2
From Every Corner of the Land
Short Stories
Short Story – brief work of fictionNo specific lengthUsually between 500 words and 50 pagesShort enough to be read in one “sitting”
Elements of a Short Story
Plot
Characters
Setting
Theme
Point of View
Tone
Mood or Atmosphere
Symbol
Plot
Plot – sequence of events that make up a storyConflict – struggle that the main character faces
External – character struggles against an outside force Character vs. Character
Character vs. Nature
Character vs. Society
Internal – character struggles with opposing feelings, beliefs, needs, or wants
Resolution – resolves the conflict
Plot Structure
Exposition – introduces the characters, setting, and conflict
Rising Action – conflict increases in intensity
Climax – Turning point – highest point of tension
Falling Action – conflict lessens in intensity
Resolution – resolves the conflict Often subtle
Sometimes no resolution
Characters
Characters – the people, animals, or objects who participate in the action of the storyProtagonist – the main character
Antagonist – the character who is working against the protagonist
Characterization – techniques used by writers to develop and reveal a character’s personality
Setting
Setting – the time and place of the storyCan simply be the background for the storyCan play a crucial role in the story’s plot or conflict
Theme
Theme – main idea, central message, or insight revealed by the storyUsually implied
Reader has to piece together clues from the story
Often it is what the protagonist learns or how the character changes as a result of the story
Point of View
Point of view – perspective or vantage point from which a story is told First person – main character is the narrator and uses “I” throughout
Third personLimited – main character is outside the story and simply relates the story
Omniscient – main character is outside the story, but knows the thoughts and feelings of more than one character; even knows events that have occurred in the past that the characters don’t know
Tone
Tone – the writer’s attitude towards the characters, the reader, or the subject matterClosely related to the narrator’s voiceCool, detached, compassionate, understanding, etc.
Mood
Mood or atmosphere – the feeling that the story evokes in a readerUsually depends on the setting
Spooky, eerie, oppressive
Symbol
Symbol – person, place, or object that has its own meaning but also stands for something larger than itselfEx. Veil in “The Minister’s Black Veil”
Reading Strategies
Identify the conflict Interpret the themeRead passages aloud
Author’s Style
Author’s style – manner in which the author puts ideas into wordsSyntax – sentence style
Word Choice – adjectives?
Tone or emotional attitude – events suggesting emotions? Explanations?
Theme
Theme – message about life that the author seems to impart based on his or her literature
Latin prefix in-
In- A location or direction (in, into, within, on, or toward)
A negative (no, not, without)
If In- comes before a word that starts with p, we use Im-
See Word analysis on page 831
Stream of Consciousness
Stream of consciousness – follows the not-so-linear thought patterns of humans Presents sequences of thought as if they were coming directly from a
character’s mind
Leaves our transitional words and phrases found in traditional prose
Connects details only through a character’s associations
Flashback – interruptions in which an earlier event is describedMemory
Story told about a character
Dream or daydream
Switch in time to past
Greek Prefix Dys-
Difficult or bad
Dysfunctional (functional means working properly) = not working properly
Dyslexia (lexis means word or speech) = difficulty with words or speech
Dysentery (entry means intestine) = disturbance or difficulty with the intestines
Dyspepsia (pepsis means digestion) = difficulty with digestion
Dystopia (topos means place) – place filled with difficulty
Archetype
Archetype – plot, character, symbol, or idea that recurs in the literature or mythology of many different cultures across the world Hero’s quest – classic quest tales
Hero is on a journey to obtain something of great value
Hero encounters obstacles that test his or her character
Hero overcomes these obstacles, often with the aid of others, and often at great sacrifice
Hero receives a boon, or benefit, that is used to help others
Hero’s quest symbolizes the larger journey of life
Humorous Essay
Humorous essay – short, funny work of literature Hyperbole – exaggeration or outrageous overstatement
Understatements – downplaying a dramatic event, or saying less than what is meant
Opposite of Hyperbole
Idioms – expressions in which the literal meanings of the words do not add up to the actual meaning
Ex. “raining cats and dogs”
Dialect – ways of speaking that are particular to a region or group
Apostrophe and Personification
Apostrophe – literary device in which a speaker directly addresses a thing, concept, or person who is dead or absent
Personification – nonhuman subject is given human characteristics
Poetry of Robert Frost
Blank Verse – unrhymed iambic pentameter (5 repetitions of unstressed/stressed)
Pastorals – poems that deal with rural settings
How to read poetry
No punctuation – continue to read at the same pace
Comma, dash, or semi-colon – pause before continuing
Period, exclamation point, or question mark – Full stop
Latin Root –lum-
-lum- means giving off lightIlluminate – giving off lightLuminous – glowingIllumination- explanation (shedding light onto
something)