Unit 4 – The British Invasion

Timeline of the 1960's

1960

• The first debate for a presidential election was televised. It was between Senator John F. Kennedy and

Richard M. Nixon.

• NASA sent up ECHO, the first communications satellite to be seen with the naked eye.

• American "U2" spy plane shot down over the USSR.

1961

• John F Kennedy moves into the White House. He gives his famous speech - "Ask not what your country

can do for you, but what you can do for your country."

• May 5, 1961. Alan Shepard was sent to space in the "Freedom 7".

1962

• John Glenn became the first man to orbit the earth - 3 times.

• Rachel Carson, a scientist and writer, warned that our earth would die of pollution and chemicals. .

1963

• Martin Luther King Jr. made the speech, "I have a Dream" on August 28, 1963. More than 200,000

peaceful demonstrators came to Washington DC to demand equal rights for Black and Whites. Part of the

speech was - "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not

be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character…"

• President Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas on November 22. Kennedy's assassin, Lee Harvey

Oswald, was never sent to trial. While being moved by police to a different jail, a man named Jack Ruby

shot Oswald.

1964

• This was the first year the cigarette boxes had a warning printed on it "Smoking can be hazardous to your

health".

• The first Civil Rights bill was passed to stop racial discrimination.

1965

• President Johnson ordered bombing raids on North Vietnam and Americans begin protesting the war.

• The world's first roofed stadium was built, the Houston Astrodome.

1966

• Walt Disney, the creator of Mickey Mouse and a Pioneer of animated films, died of cancer on December

15, 1966.

1967

• The first heart transplant was performed by Dr. Christian Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa.

• The first hand-held calculator was invented in 1967 by Texas Instruments, at a cost of $2,500 a piece.

1968

• Civil Rights Leader Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. .

• On November 5, 1968, Shirley Chisholm was elected America's first black woman to Congress.

• The first cash dispensing machine is installed by First Philadelphia Bank.

1969

• Nearly half a million people headed over to a 600 acre farm in New York for the Woodstock

Festival. lasted three days, a weekend of music, love and peace.

• July 20, 1969, 4:18 p.m., Apollo 11 landed on the moon with astronauts aboard. Neil Armstrong's famous

speech for the historical steps "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Beatles (The Fab Four)

o George Harrison (guitar, sitar, vocals), John Lennon (guitar, keyboards, vocals), Paul McCartney

(bass, guitar, keyboards, vocals), Ringo Starr (drums, percussion, vocals)

o The “Fab Four” from Liverpool, England

o Arrived in USA, February 7, 1964,

o In 1958, John Lennon formed a skiffle group called the Quarrymen.

o He met Paul McCartney. Impressed by McCartney’s knowledge of song lyrics and ability

to tune a guitar, Lennon recruited him into the Quarrymen. A schoolmate of

McCartney’s, George Harrison, came next.

o Epstein was their manager

o The Fab Four’s first #1 single in the U.S. was “I Want to Hold Your Hand,”

o 45 more Top Forty hits over the next six years.

o During the week of April 4, 1964, the Beatles set a record that is likely never to be broken when

they occupied all five of the top positions on Billboard’s Top Forty, with “Can’t Buy Me Love”

ensconced at #1. Their popularity soared still further with the release of their anarchic Marx

Brothers-as-rock-stars documentary film, A Hard Day’s Night (1964) and its equally playful

follow-up, Help! (1965).

o the Beatles charted twenty #1 singles in the States

o It is estimated by EMI, their British record company, that the Beatles have sold more than 600

million albums

o The Beatles retired from touring for good after a San Francisco concert on August 29, 1966.

o A completely self-contained album meant to be played and experienced from start to finish, Sgt.

Pepper broke the mold in that no singles were released.

Rolling Stones

• English rock band, formed in London in April 1962 by Brian Jones (guitars, harmonica), Ian

Stewart (piano), Mick Jagger (vocals, harmonica) and Keith Richards (guitars). Bassist Bill Wyman

and drummer Charlie Watts

• The Rolling Stones’ origins date back to the boyhood

friendship of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, forged

in 1951.

• They hold the record for longevity as a rock and roll

band. There have been hiatuses, especially in the

1980s, but never a breakup.

• Known as the “World’s Greatest Rock and Roll

Band.”

• The Stones are the darker, bluesier and more boldly

sexual side of rock and roll. Very opposite from the

Beatles’ sunnier, more pop-oriented tunes.

• Their second single, “I Wanna Be Your Man,” was provided to them by the Lennon/McCartney,

proving that no hostilities existed between the Beatles and the Stones.

• Their songs were often about the battles between sexes, classes and generations.

• “Have You Seen Your Mother, Baby, Standing in the Shadow” was a pounding rocker whose

picture sleeve depicted the Stones in drag, while “Let’s Spend the Night Together” engendered

controversy in the States for the bluntly sexual come-on of its title and lyrics.

• Ongoing substance abuse was rapidly causing Jones’ physical and mental states to disintegrate.

His departure due to “musical differences” was announced on June 8th, 1969. Less than a

month later, Jones was found dead in his swimming pool, the official cause being given as

“death by misadventure.”

• In 1971, the Stones launched their own record company, Rolling Stones Records, for which they

signed a distribution deal with Atlantic Records

• British designer John Pasche came up with the famous red

“tongue” logo that remains a Stones icon to this day.

• The Eighties saw the Stones achieve their highest-charting

album (Tattoo You, #1 for nine weeks in 1981)

• Songs o I Want to Be Your Man (comparison Beatles)

o Let’s Spend the Night Together (controversy 60s)

o Paint it Black

o “Angie”

o “Honky Tonk Women,”

o “Miss You

o Satisfaction

o Get off of my Cloud

Current members

• Mick Jagger – lead and backing vocals, acoustic

guitar, harmonica (1962–present)

• Keith Richards – electric and acoustic guitar,

lead and backing vocals (1962–present)

• Ronnie Wood – slide, lap and pedal steel guitars,

bass guitar (1975–present)

• Charlie Watts – drums (January 1963–present)

Former members

• Ian Stewart – keyboard (1962–1965)

• Mick Taylor – electric, acoustic, and slide guitar,

backing vocals (1969–1974)

• Brian Jones – guitars, sitar, keyboards,

accordion, trumpet, saxophone, backing vocals

(1962–1969)

• Bill Wyman – bass, backing vocals (December

1962–1992)

Kinks

• The Kinks were an English rock band formed in North London, by brothers Ray and Dave Davies in 1964.

Ray Davies (lead vocals, rhythm guitar) and Dave Davies (lead guitar, vocals) remained members

throughout the group's 32-year run.

• Original members Pete Quaife (bass guitar, vocals), Mick Avory (drums and percussion) were replaced by

John Dalton in 1969 and Bob Henrit in 1984, respectively

• They performed under several names settling on The Ravens, before changing to The Kinks.

o "[They] needed a gimmick, some edge to get them attention. Here it was: 'Kinkiness'—something

newsy, naughty but just on the borderline of acceptability. In adopting the 'Kinks' as their name

at that time, they were participating in a time-honored pop ritual—fame through outrage."

• In early 1969, Quaife told the band he was leaving. The other members did not take his statement

seriously, until an article appeared in New Musical Express on 4 April featuring Quaife's new band.

• The Kinks gave their last public performance in mid-1996, the group assembled for what would turn out

to be their last time together at a party for Dave's 50th birthday.

• Quaife, who had been receiving kidney dialysis for more than ten years, died on 23 June 2010, age 66.

• They have often been labeled as "the original punks".

• Songs were very word-oriented

• Unlike contemporaries such as The Beatles, whose recording legacies are well-preserved, almost no studio

documentation of The Kinks' recording history from the 1960s survives.

• Songs

o “You Really Got Me,”

o “All Day and All of the Night”

o “Tired of Waiting for You”

o Waterloo Sunset,” “Days,”

o “Village Green Preservation Society”

o “Sunny Afternoon.”

o Lola

Interesting Kink Stories

In May 1970, Gosling debuted with The Kinks on "Lola", an account of a confused romantic encounter with a

transvestite that became both a UK and US Top 10 hit, helping return The Kinks to the public eye. The lyrics

originally contained the word "Coca-Cola", and as a result the BBC refused to broadcast the song, considering it to

be in violation of their policy against product placement. Part of the song was hastily re-recorded by Ray Davies,

with the offending line changed to the generic "cherry cola", although in concert, The Kinks still used "Coca-Cola”.

Recordings of both versions of "Lola" exist.

Dave Davies became bored with the traditional "clean" guitar style of the period; in search of a louder, more biting

sound, he famously split the speaker cone of his Elpico amplifier (nicknamed "the little green amp"): "I started to

get really frustrated [with the amp's sound], and I said, 'I know! I'll fix you!' I got a single-sided Gillette razorblade

and cut ... [from the center to the edge of the] cone ... so it was all shredded but still on there, still intact. I played

and I thought it was amazing."

Tensions began to emerge within the band, expressed in incidents such as the on-stage fight between Avory and

Dave Davies. After finishing the first song, "You Really Got Me", Davies insulted Avory and kicked over his drum set.

Avory responded by hitting Davies with his hi-hat stand, rendering him unconscious, before fleeing from the scene,

fearing that he had killed his bandmate. Davies was taken to Cardiff Royal Infirmary, where he received 16 stitches

to his head. To placate the police, Avory later claimed that it was part of a new act in which the band members

would hurl their instruments at each other. Following a mid-

year tour of the United States, the American Federation of

Musicians refused permits for the group to appear in concerts

there for the next four years, effectively cutting off The Kinks

from the main market for rock music at the height of the British

Invasion. Although neither The Kinks nor the union gave a

specific reason for the ban, at the time it was widely attributed

to their rowdy on-stage behavior.

Who

• The Who evolved in 1964 from a group called the High Numbers, which included Roger Daltrey, Pete

Townshend and John Entwistle.

• They were joined by Keith Moon, who’d played in a British surf group.

• Considered to be Mods (Mod (from modernist) is a subculture that originated in London, England, in the

late 1950s and peaked in the early-to-mid 1960s. Significant elements of the mod subculture include

fashion (often tailor-made suits); music, including African American soul, Jamaican ska, British beat music,

and R&B; and motor scooters.

• From the mid-to-late 1960s and onwards, the mass media often used the term mod in a wider sense to

describe anything that was believed to be popular, fashionable, or modern.

• The newly charged-up band came on as equipment-smashing who brashly declared, “Hope I die before I

get old,” in their stuttering anthem, “My Generation.” They expressed the frustrations of teenage

adolescence

• In 1969, they released the conceptual rock opera Tommy, a double-album about the spiritual path of a

“deaf, dumb and blind boy.” An excerpt from Tommy provided a concert highlight of the Woodstock

festival

• the death in 1978 of Keith Moon - who overdosed on medication taken for his alcoholism - interrupted

the original foursome’s remarkable run.

• The Who recruited drummer Kenney Jones as Moon’s replacement and recorded two more albums

• The Who undertook a lengthy and much-publicized “farewell” tour in 1982 but thereafter regrouped on a

number of occasions, apparently having said farewell only to the notion of making new music together.

• Tommy was also successfully adapted

to the Broadway stage in 1993, with

Townshend’s blessing and

involvement, and won five Tony

awards.

The Who’s Tommy

The basic story is of "Tommy," who was born while his father, "Captain Walker," is away at sea. Captain Walker

returns home after several years absence and discovers Tommy's mother with her new lover. Tommy's mother and

her lover kill Tommy's father in front of the young Tommy. Although left vague, Tommy may have been beaten to

keep him quiet. At a minimum, he was forcefully admonished not to let anyone know about the killing. The mother

and lover sing "You never heard it! You never saw it! You'll never tell a soul what you know is the truth!" At the

same time, Tommy sings at a nearly inaudible level, "I heard it, I saw it ..." but complies by adding, "I'll never tell a

soul what I know is the truth." The psychological trauma from the incident caused Tommy to comply by becoming

deaf, dumb and blind so he could never reveal what he knew, or anything else, leaving him alone with his thoughts

and feelings. The only contact he is able to have with the world is with a pinball machine.

Thereafter, Tommy is put through physical, sexual and psychological abuse by his family. (His uncle rapes him, his

cousin tortures him, and his family take him to the Acid Queen in a failed attempt to break Tommy out of his

sightless and soundless state.) Because he is cut off from sight, sound and communication, he is able to have some

sort of spiritual contact with the universe which others are unable to experience. -- "Strange as it seems, his

musical dreams ain't quite so bad. ... Simpleness will surely take the mind where minds can't usually go."

But, despite his lack of sight and hearing, he becomes a pinball wizard and a celebrity. When his senses are

returned, he is hailed as a messiah. As a result of his incredible "musical dreams" he became a rock-n-roll star,

giving "spiritual" concerts. But, as with all messiahs, the masses eventually rejected him because his path to

spiritual enlightenment is too difficult to follow. In the end, he was as alone as he had been without his sight,

hearing and speech.

The work is on several levels, the first of which is described above. On a second level, Tommy is representative of

the entire post World War II baby boomer generation, and how the "younger generation" (rightfully) felt it was

being raped by the older generation. This was one of the great themes of the "younger generation" in the mid to

late '60s, as they were being shipped off to an unpopular and nearly endless war in Viet Nam to protect the United

States' oil interests. Those heroes who served in the war came home physically and psychologically maimed, and in

many instances addicted to heroin, alcohol and marijuana, marching to a different music than when they left, to a

world where they were not given a hero's welcome, but, like Tommy, were rejected, mistreated and alone.

Animals

• Eric Burdon (vocals), Chas Chandler (bass), Alan Price (keyboards), John Steel (drums), Hilton Valentine

(guitar)

• Originally known as the Alan Price Combo, the group changed its name to the Animals when Burdon

joined in 1962.

• With the release of “House of the Rising Sun”, the Animals became the first British group after the Beatles

to chart a Number One single in America.

• “House of the Rising Sun” - a traditional folk song. The single was unconventional in both its lyrics (it was

about a house of prostitution in New Orleans) and length (it ran for more than four minutes at a time

when anything longer three minutes was considered too long for radio).

• The keys to the Animals is their passionate intensity and strong sense of identification with the working

class

• The Animals’ disintegration began with Price’s

departure in mid-1965 due to fear of flying and

incompatibility with Burdon. Drummer John Steel was

the next to leave (in March 1966), and the others

followed suit in September.

• Burdon continued with new recruits, and the

reconfigured band - now billed as Eric Burdon and the

Animals - enjoyed several late-Sixties hits in a more

psychedelic era

• Bassist Chas Chandler discovered an unknown Jimi

Hendrix performing in New York’s Greenwich Village,

and wound up managing the Jimi Hendrix Experience

and Slade.

• The original Animals reunited in 1977, recording the album Before We Were So Rudely Interrupted, and

1983, which resulted in the albums Ark and Rip It to Shreds – The Animals Greatest Hits Live!

• Songs:

o “House of the Rising Sun”

o “Don’t Let Me Be Misunderstood” (#15),

o “We Gotta Get Out of This Place” (#13),

o “It’s My Life” (#23)

o “Don’t Bring Me Down” (#12)

Clapton

• With Eric Clapton’s induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist on March 6, 2000, he

became the first musician to have been inducted three times. He was first honored as a member of the

Yardbirds and Cream before being inducted as a solo artist

• Clapton has been a solo artist for three decades, beginning with the release of Eric Clapton in 1970. As a

solo artist, Clapton has brought his singing and songwriting to the fore while maintaining his stature as

rock’s preeminent guitarist.

• Born in 1945, Clapton took up the guitar at age 15 and joined his first group, the Roosters, in early 1963.

The Yardbirds

• English rock band that had a string of hits in the mid-1960s,

• Songs including

o "For Your Love"

o "Over Under Sideways Down"

o "Heart Full of Soul".

• The group is noted for having started the careers of three of rock's most famous guitarists: Eric Clapton,

Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page

• The Yardbirds were pioneers in guitar innovations of the '60s: fuzz tone, feedback, distortion, backwards

echo, improved amplification, etc.

• After the Yardbirds broke up in 1968, their current lead guitarist Jimmy Page founded what became Led

Zeppelin.

Cream

• 1960s British rock supergroup consisting of

o bassist/vocalist Jack Bruce, guitarist/vocalist

o Eric Clapton, and drummer

o Ginger Baker.

• Their sound was characterized by a hybrid of blues rock, hard rock and psychedelic rock

• popularized the use of the wah-wah pedal

• Cream's music included songs

o "Born Under a Bad Sign

o "Tales of Brave Ulysses"

o "I Feel Free" (UK, #11)

o "Sunshine of Your Love" (US, #5)

o "White Room" (US, #6)

o "Crossroads" (US, #28)

o "Badge" (UK, #18)

Derek and the Dominos

o blues-rock band formed in the spring of 1970

o Eric Clapton - guitarist and singer

o Bobby Whitlock - with keyboardist

o Carl Radle - bassist

o Jim Gordon - drummer

o The band released only one studio album, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, which featured

prominent contributions from guest guitarist Duane Allman[1]

of the Allman Brothers Band.

o March 1972 that the album's single "Layla" would make the top ten in both the United States and the

United Kingdom.

o The album is often considered to be the defining achievement of Clapton's career.

Herman’s Hermits

• Original members were Keith Hopwood (guitar, vocals), Karl Green (guitar, vocals), Alan Wrigley (bass

guitar, vocals), Steve Titterington (drums), and Peter Noone (lead vocals – 15 years old).

• They emphasized a simple, non-threatening, clean-cut image

• Their first hit was a cover of Earl Jean's "I'm Into Something Good" which reached #1 in the UK Singles

Chart and #13 in the US in late 1964. They never topped the British charts again

• In 1965 and 1966, the group rivaled the Beatles on the charts and was the top-selling pop act in the US in

1965. On The Beatles Anthology video, there is a brief interview with a young girl in the audience

attending The Beatles' second appearance at Shea Stadium. When asked why The Beatles did not sell out

the venue this time, she replied that they were not as popular as Herman's Hermits.

• The band's singles were written by some of the top songwriters of the day

• Hermits appeared in several MGM movies, including When the Boys Meet the Girls (1965) - and Hold On!

(1966). They also starred in the film Mrs. Brown You've Got a Lovely Daughter (1968).

• Herman's Hermits had three Top 3 hits in the US in 1965

• They appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, The Dean Martin Show and The Jackie Gleason Show.

• The group recorded their final album of the 1960s, "Rock 'n' Roll Party"

• Songs

o I'm Henry VIII, I Am

o I'm Into Something Good"

o Listen People

o Can't You Hear My Heartbeat

Leaning on the Lamp Post

o Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely

Daughter

o A Must to Avoid

o You Won't Be Leaving

The Hollies

• Bernie Calvert (bass), Allan Clarke (vocals), Bobby Elliott (drums), Eric Haydock (bass), Tony Hicks (guitar),

Graham Nash (vocals, guitar), Terry Sylvester (vocals, guitar)

• Hollies charted more hits on Billboard’s Hot 100 from 1964 to 1975 than any other British band except for

the Beatles and the Rolling Stones.

• In selecting “Hollies,” they reportedly derived more inspiration from the colorful bush associated with the

Christmas season, during which they adopted the name change, than from Buddy Holly.

• Haydock played a six-string bass (unique for a rock group)

• The Hollies’ first two singles were covers of the Coasters’ songs “(Ain’t That) Just Like Me” and

“Searchin’,” which went to Number 25 and Number 12, respectively, in their British homeland.

• First two self-penned hits, “We’re Through” and “”Yes I Will,” made the U.K. Top 10. The Hollies’

songwriting troika of Clarke, Hicks and Nash initially used a pseudonym (“L. Ransford,” who was Graham

Nash’s grandfather) before listing their own names on the songwriting credits.

• “I’m Alive” became their first Number One hit at home in Britain

• the Hollies were generally seen as a singles band

• Graham Nash himself began losing patience with the Hollies’ emphasis on commercial pop and left the

band in December 1968, hooking up with Stephen Stills and David Crosby to form the supergroup known

as Crosby, Stills and Nash.

• the current version of the Hollies – guitarist

Hicks and drummer Elliott, joined by bassist

Ray Stiles and keyboardist Ian Parker –

released their latest album, Then, Now,

Always, in 2009.

• Songs

o He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Brother

o Look Through Any Window

o Long Cool Woman (In a Black Dress)

o The Air That I Breathe

o I Can’t Let Go

o Bus Stop

o Stop Stop Stop

o On a Carousel

o Carrie-Anne

Moody Blues

o English rock band formed on May 4th

1965 in Birmingham England.

o The Moody Blues have sold in excess of 70 million albums worldwide and have been awarded 14 platinum

and gold discs.

o Personnel in the band stayed relatively stable from 1966. This included:

o Graeme Edge - drums, percussion, vocals

o John Lodge - bass, guitar, vocals

o Justin Hayward - guitar, vocals

o Ray Thomas - vocals, flute, percussion, harmonica

o Mike Pinder - keyboards, vocals

o The name developed from a hoped-for sponsorship from the M&B Brewery

which failed to materialize.

o Among their innovations was a fusion with classical music.

o Their new style, featuring the symphonic sounds of Pinder's Mellotron

o The orchestra and group never actually perform together on the recording

with the band's rock instrumentation centered on Pinder's Mellotron.

o The band recording a particular song, then the track being presented to

Peter Knight who quickly composed a suitable "linking" orchestral portion

which 'London Festival Orchestral then recorded.

o Ray Thomas' flute became a featured instrument as they started

incorporating distinct psychedelic influences

o Their sound took on an ever-increasingly synthetic and technical quality as

they began using modern sequencers, samplers and drum machines.

o A series of video and audio versions of their 1992 Night at Red Rocks concert enjoyed great success

o in 1999, The Moody Blues appeared in one episode of "The Simpsons" called "Viva Ned Flanders

o The group continues to tour; they toured the U.S., Canada and the UK in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010

� "Steal Your Heart Away"

� "Love and Beauty"

� "Nights in White Satin"

� "Watching and Waiting"

� "Question"

� "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)"

� "The Voice"

� "Your Wildest Dreams"

� "I Know You're Out There Somewhere"

Unit 4 Assignments

Compare and Contrast The Beatles and Herman’s Hermit consider aspects such as instruments, style,

voices, lyrics and the image they project.

Which band from the British Invasion do you like the most? Why?

Create a poster advertising an upcoming concert for one of the bands. Include members, feature songs,

venue, time, date and creative graphics.

Band Members Year

Formed

Top Songs Unique Attributes of

band

Interesting fact

The British Invasion

Across 3. this band sang "Sunshine of your love," and "White Room" 4. the BBC refused to air Lola because of the reference to this specific product 5. the Who wrote a rock opera called 6. The Rolling Stone's logo is a big red ___________ 9. 15 year old lead vocalist of Herman's Hermits 12. Long Cool Woman in a black _________ was sung by the Hollies 14. My Generation, by the Who included a lot of 16. the __________ brothers created the Kinks 17. known as the "The World's Greatest Rock and Roll Band" Down 1. The Beatles were known as the 2. Before the Beatles, many of the members played in a group called the 4. Walt Disney died of 6. the Beatles had _____________ #1 singles in the USA 7. well known for House of the Rising Sun 8. known for incorporating classical music into rock and roll 10. Ray Thomas of the Moody Blues was frequently featured on this instrument 11. was a vocalist for the Rolling Stones 13. almost no studio film from the 1960s exists 15. Martin Luther King was assassinated in 196__ 16. President Kennedy was assassinated in