Unit 4: Early ChildhoodUnit 4: Early Childhood

Chapter 7Chapter 7

No quiz this week!!!

However, you do have a project that is due at the end of this unit.

PLEASE make sure you use the Unit 4 project template found in Doc Sharing.

Developmental ThemesDevelopmental ThemesEarly childhood phase – development of Early childhood phase – development of independence, self-mastery, physical ability, social independence, self-mastery, physical ability, social skills, inner control and language skillsskills, inner control and language skills

Children are transformed from infants and toddlers Children are transformed from infants and toddlers into little boys and girlsinto little boys and girls

Toddler Stage (2-3 years old):Toddler Stage (2-3 years old):

– Autonomy vs. DoubtAutonomy vs. Doubt– Children are pushing for control and Children are pushing for control and

independence – however they are still very independence – however they are still very dependent on their caregiversdependent on their caregivers

– A critical task at this age is achieving a balance A critical task at this age is achieving a balance between those two forcesbetween those two forces

Preschool Stage (3-5 years old):Preschool Stage (3-5 years old):

Erickson: Initiative vs. GuiltErickson: Initiative vs. Guilt

Time for parents to start encouraging self-care, Time for parents to start encouraging self-care, compliance with rules, and independencecompliance with rules, and independence

Parents should allow their children to try out new Parents should allow their children to try out new activities and set reasonable limitsactivities and set reasonable limits

Parents who are too rigid or demanding impose Parents who are too rigid or demanding impose unrealistic expectations on their children causing them unrealistic expectations on their children causing them to feel guilty for failing to accomplish something on their to feel guilty for failing to accomplish something on their ownown

Comparison, 1 & 4 Year Old ChildrenComparison, 1 & 4 Year Old ChildrenOne year oldOne year old

Goal is to master Goal is to master mobilitymobility

Imitate soundsImitate sounds

Manipulate physical Manipulate physical world to learnworld to learn

Sense of self begins Sense of self begins connected to parentsconnected to parents

Four year oldFour year old

Mobility is used for Mobility is used for exploration and exploration and independenceindependenceMasters spoken Masters spoken language, communi-language, communi-cates thoughtscates thoughtsUses mental symbolsUses mental symbols

Pursues relationships Pursues relationships separate from parentseparate from parent

Biophysical Growth & DevelopmentBiophysical Growth & Development

Physical development involves growth of Physical development involves growth of human body and motor skills developmenthuman body and motor skills development

– 3 yr old doubled in height, 4 x heavier than at birth3 yr old doubled in height, 4 x heavier than at birth– Gross motor skillsGross motor skills: running, jumping, climbing, etc.: running, jumping, climbing, etc.– Fine motor skillsFine motor skills: coordination of small muscle : coordination of small muscle

movements; dexterity in the use of hands/fingersmovements; dexterity in the use of hands/fingers

Biophysical strengths & hazardsBiophysical strengths & hazards– Good nutrition for healthGood nutrition for health

Impacts physical development and immune systemImpacts physical development and immune system

Text book aside, how do Text book aside, how do youyou define child abuse?define child abuse?

According to:

http://www.childwelfare.gov/can/defining/federal.cfm

Federal legislation provides a foundation for States by identifying a minimum set of acts or behaviors that define child abuse and neglect. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) (42 U.S.C.A. §5106g), as amended by the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003, defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum:

Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or

An act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.This definition of child abuse and neglect refers specifically to parents and other caregivers. A "child" under this definition generally means a person who is under the age of 18 or who is not an emancipated minor.

Active MaltreatmentActive Maltreatment

An injury or a pattern of injuries that is NON-An injury or a pattern of injuries that is NON-accidentalaccidental

Examples:Examples:Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or emotional abuseemotional abuse

(Gosselin, 2005)(Gosselin, 2005)

Passive Maltreatment

The action or inaction of a legally recognized caretaker who fails to fulfill his or her responsibility to a dependent child.

Examples:

Lack of supervisionLack of medical careInadequate food, clothing, and/or shelterEducational neglectPhysical/emotional neglect

(Gosselin, 2005)

What are some risk factors associated with child abuse?

Risk Factors Associated with Child Risk Factors Associated with Child Abuse & NeglectAbuse & Neglect

Parent or caregiver factorsParent or caregiver factors– Personality and psychological well-beingPersonality and psychological well-being– History of child abuse/neglectHistory of child abuse/neglect– Substance abuseSubstance abuse– AgeAge

Family FactorsFamily Factors– Family structureFamily structure– Marital conflict and domestic violenceMarital conflict and domestic violence– StressStress– Parent-child interactionParent-child interaction

Risk Factors Associated with Child Risk Factors Associated with Child Abuse & NeglectAbuse & Neglect

Child FactorsChild Factors– AgeAge– DisabilitiesDisabilities

Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors– PovertyPoverty– UnemploymentUnemployment– Social isolationSocial isolation– Lack of social supportLack of social support– Violent communitiesViolent communities

Let’s take a fieldtrip!Let’s take a fieldtrip!

Please open a new browserPlease open a new browser

Then copy and paste this web addressThen copy and paste this web address

http://www.childhelp.org/pages/statisticshttp://www.childhelp.org/pages/statistics

Here is another great resource Here is another great resource for you!for you!

http://www.childwelfare.gov/http://www.childwelfare.gov/

Your thoughts…Your thoughts…

Questions?Questions?