PowerPoint Presentation

Unit 4

Use the information on 355 to list & explain the roles of the President

Chief of StateChief ExecutiveChief AdministratorChief DiplomatCommander in ChiefChief LegislatorChief of PartyChief Citizen

What was the purpose of the 22nd Amendment?No person shall elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. Page 357

Page 359What about Vice President?Page 363

The Presidency in ActionChapter 14- Section 1The Growth of Presidential PowerArticle II of the Constitution created the presidency and gives the President certain expressed powers. Yet Article II is remarkably brief, leaving Americans to debate whether the Framers intended the presidency to be relatively weak or strong.Since the nations founding, the power of the presidency has grown significantly.The power a President exercises depends on his views about office and how he interprets Article II. The Presidency in Action

Executive OrderAn executive order is "a presidential directive with the force of law that doesnt need congressional approval. And the White House clarifies that executive orders are "binding because as Chief Executive the President has the power to command the executive branch."The White House clarified "It just means something the executive branch does. The use of any of a number of tools in the executive branchs toolbox," said one administration official.Executive actions can include "regulation, enforcement, statements of policy...and numerous other things," the official continued.So, basically, it's anything the President does that doesn't modify a law. Multiple officials have said this is a continuation of changes President Obama has called for in various departments throughout his presidency.Define Executive Order on Page 394

The White House

The Executive BranchUnit 3Chapter 13- The PresidencyChapter 14- The Presidency in ActionChapter 15-Government at Work: The BureaucracyChapter 16- Financing GovernmentChapter 17- Foreign Policy and National Defense

The Presidents Executive PowersArticle II gives the President the power and responsibility to execute the laws.This executive power gives the President a great deal of flexibility in deciding how laws are carried out.Among the Presidents key powers are those to appoint and remove top federal officials.

Diplomatic and Military PowerThe President shares treaty-making and other powers with Congress.Certain diplomatic powers may be carried out without the approval of Congress; increasingly, Presidents have made use of these powers. As commander in Chief of the armed forces, the President possesses almost unlimited military power.

Making Unclear Warpage 401

American defense must be the first focus of a president, because it is his first duty to the Constitution. Even in time of pride and promise, America has determined enemies, who hate our values and resent our success- terrorists and crime syndicates and drug cartels and unbalanced dictators. The empire has passed but evil remains. Legislative and Judicial PowersThe Constitution gives the President important legislative and judicial powers as part of the system of checks and balances in the Federal Government. The Presidents key legislative powers are to submit legislation for Congress to consider and to reject legislation that he opposes. The Constitution gives the President several powers of clemency- the power which which he can show mercy to those convicted of federal crimes? Words you should know: pg. 407Reprieve, Pardon, Clemency, Commutation, & Amnesty

Government at Work: The BureaucracyAlthough the word "bureaucracy" often has a negative connotation, the word does have an important and neutral meaning that pertains to the government. The federal bureaucracy includes the machinery and the personnel through which the executive branch of the Federal Government operates and makes its public policy.

Section 1: The Federal BureaucracyThe Federal Government is the nation's largest employer. Nearly 2.7 million men and women work in the federal bureaucracy, and they do nearly all of the day-to-day work of the government.Section 2: The Executive Office of the PresidentThe Executive Office of the President is composed of the President's closest advisors and several support agencies. These groups aid the chief executive in the formulation of the nation's public policies.Section 3: The Executive DepartmentsThe executive departments carry out much of the Federal Government's work. The heads of these departments frequently meet with the President and other officials in a group called the Cabinet.Section 4: Independent AgenciesSome 150 executive branch agencies are not located within any of the executive departments. Some of them rival Cabinet departments in the size of their budgets, their functions, and the number of their employees.Section 5: The Civil ServiceMost people who work for the Federal Government are members of the civil service. Over time, civil service reformers have worked to reduce corruption and political influence.Financing GovernmentTo keep American institutions healthy and running well, the Federal Government depends on income from various types of taxes as well as some nontax sources. How government spends the moneythe federal budgethas a major impact on society.

Create This Graphic OrganizerTaxesNontax Revenues and BorrowingSpending and the BudgetFinancing GovernmentSection 1: TaxesArticle I of the Constitution and the 16th Amendment give Congress broad powers to set federal taxes. Today, Congress collects most of its revenue in the form of income taxes paid by individuals and corporations.Section 2: Nontax Revenues and BorrowingWhen the government spends more money than it takes in, it must borrow money from investors. Over time, government borrowing has created a public debt of more than $5 trillion.Section 3: Spending and the BudgetFederal spending has a huge effect on the economy. In the budget-making process, the President and Congress determine how the wide-ranging activities of the Federal Government will be financed.Foreign Policy and National DefenseAmerican foreign policy guides all of our dealings with the rest of the worldinternational trade, immigration, treaties, foreign aid, and defense. Civilian control over defense policy determines the role of the military in protecting national security.

Section 1: Foreign Affairs and National SecurityForeign policy includes all the stands and actions a nation takes in its relationships with other nations. The State Department carries out the President's diplomatic policies. The armed forces provide the nation's defense, but are under the civilian control of the President.Section 2: Other Foreign and Defense AgenciesBesides the Departments of State and Defense, several other government agencies are closely involved with foreign policy and defense. These agencies oversee such tasks as gathering and analyzing intelligence information, supervising the draft, exploring space, and strengthening homeland security.Section 3: American Foreign Policy OverviewUnderstanding the origins of American foreign policy and the results of earlier stands and actions is essential to understanding foreign policy issues today. Over time, the United States changed from an isolationist nation to a world power. Although the United States is the only superpower today, the world remains a dangerous place that demands constant vigilance.Section 4: Foreign Aid and Defense AlliancesThe United States works with other nations to foster and safeguard peace and to ensure political stability around the world. American foreign aid strengthens the economies and security of other nations. Security alliances deter aggression and invasion.Human RightsGoalsReflectUnderstand what human rights are and why they are important; Have a better understanding of the United Nations and its mission; and Understand how interconnected the world is and the importance of promoting and working for peace.

What are human rights?Does everyone have them? If so, why? Are there any constraints to those rights?

Human rights are what reason requires and conscience demands. They are us and we are them. Human rights are rights that any person has as a human being. We are all human beings; we are all deserving of human rights. One cannot be true without the other. - Kofi Annan , Former Secretary General of the United Nations

The BasicsHuman rights can come from our shared norms of what we think is right and wrong; They can also be defined as natural rights that we have because we are human; and/orAs legal rights in which we are given at the national level or by international law. the United Nations (UN), an international organization, is responsible for protecting human rights and maintaining peace and security.The organization was established in 1945. The United Nations was created after World War II. There had been earlier attempts to organize the nations of the world but the United Nations was the first supra-national authority that could direct nations to take specific actions.It also provides a forum for all 192 Member States to express their views, through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees.

Your Activity:You will work in groups of 3-4.Each group will be given a biography of a human rights defender. Students should read the bio silently and then as a group, discuss what human rights listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the human rights defender fighting for. What human rights is the activist/human rights defender fighting for? Why are human rights important? How can citizens help promote human rights? Universal Declaration of Human RightsThe UDHR is a statement of basic human rights which has been agreed to by almost every country. Every country that belongs to the United Nations agrees to promote, recognize and observe these rights.However, the UDHR is not the official law of any country. There are other international documents though that include many of the rights included in the UDHR, and countries have the option of making those documents laws in their country as well.The difference between legal rights and human rights: Legal rights (rights laid down that can be defended in a country's courts of law or an international court) and Human rights (universal moral rights that belong to people because they are human).

Last 45 Minutes of Class-MIDTERM!