Unit 3 Table of Contents: The 13 Colonies

Item/Description1. Bellwork2. Notes: The Beginning of the 13 Colonies3. Roanoke Theory Handout4. Notes: Jamestown5. Indentured Servant Contract6. 13 Colonies Map7. Jamestown Handouts8. Notes: New England Colonies 9. The Mayflower Compact Handout10. Notes: Middle Colonies11. Middle Colonies Handout

Item/Description12. Notes: Southern Colonies13. Southern Colonies Video Facts14. Notes: The Carolina Colony15. The Second Carolina Charter Handout16. Notes: Colonial Government17. Fundamental Constitution of Carolina 18. Notes: Changing to a Royal Colony19. Royal Government Chart and Questions20. Notes: The Regulator Movement21. SC Townships Map22. Regulator Movement Poster

The Beginning of the 13 Colonies

England’s First Attempt at Settlement Queen Elizabeth

I…the “Virgin Queen”

Sends Sir Walter Raleigh to create settlement in the New World

Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”

Roanoke-”The Lost Colony”

A New King Following Queen

Elizabeth I’s death, she is succeeded on the throne by James I

James I is very interested in expanding his empire

Eager to create colonies in the New World

Problem… James I does not want

the government to pay for the colonies

He encourages private businesses to create colonies

Ex: The London Company-this was a joint stock company

Jamestown

Jamestown Started in 1607 (Virginia) Got off to a slow start Many Problems: shortages of food,

disease, weather issues, poor water/swampy location, too many gentleman, not enough workers, etc.

Nearly failed John Smith, Native Americans,

(Pocahontas)

The Headright System The London Company begins the

Headright System Every “head” you brought to the colony,

you received a certain amount of land Encouraged large farms or plantations

Cash Crop Tobacco (John Rolfe: milder version) King James at first discouraged tobacco-

“the stinking weed” Later, he saw the tax benefits and

encouraged the growth of tobacco

Indentured Servants Tobacco increases

demand for labor This leads to

indentured servants A person who signs a

contract agreeing to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the New World

African Slaves Indentured Servants cannot provide

enough labor to satisfy the demands of the tobacco plantations

Need a new source of labor Started to import African slaves

Bellwork Monday 9/15/14How did Captain John Smith save the Jamestown settlement?

House of Burgesses London Company encourages the

establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619

Designed to give the settlers a voice in the governance of the colony

Although not completely democratic, this assembly kept the English political traditions established with the Magna Carta

House of Burgesses

Magna Carta The Great Charter One of the first documents to protect

the rights of freed individuals Forced the king to obey laws and to

consult others before raising taxes

The Virginia Colony Jamestown grew into the colony of

Virginia and established the pattern for the southern colonies

Cash crops, big farms or plantations, lots of labor (slaves), entirely agricultural

The New England Colonies

The New England Colonies Founded for religious reasons mostly by

groups persecuted in England Puritans, Separatists, Pilgrims (all the

same people) land at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts (1620)

Mayflower Compact: American democracy, the idea that people formed the government

The New England ColoniesMap goes on p. 10

Label and color the map

On the bottom, explain what the geography was like, why they were settled and how they made money (the overall region…not the individual colonies)

Both handouts go on p. 10

The Pilgrims Survive Received help from the Native

Americans A much larger group of Puritans landed

at Massachusetts Bay The Pilgrims established a democratic

form of government

The Pilgrims

Pilgrim’s Government All male church members could vote Town Meetings and General Assemblies

Pilgrim’s Way of Life The Pilgrims harvested lumber, built

ships, engaged in trade and in manufacturing

They established schools (kids-Bible) People who didn’t agree were exiled

(Dissenters) The ideas of the Pilgrims spread across

New England

New England Colonies…Bottom Line Religious Similarity, Thriving Economy

based on Trade and a Democratic Government

The Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies At the bottom of the

map, explain why the Middle Colonies were called the “Bread Basket Region”

Also, explain why the Middle Colonies differed religiously from the New England region

The Middle Colonies “The Bread Colonies” Diverse origins of settlers (Dutch: New York,

Swedes: Delaware, Quakers: Pennsylvania) Pennsylvania: William Penn granted land from

King for payment of debt. Penn had the rights of a proprietor and could name the governor

Pennsylvania had a representative assembly as did the other colonies in the region (Middle Colonies)

MMMMM…..Bread!

Good relations with Native Americans Promoted religious tolerance…more so

than the strict New England colonies

Bottom Line….The Middle Colonies Bread colonies (grow food crops and

raise animals), greatest diversity of people and religions

Some skilled craftsman and some trade

The Southern Colonies

The Southern Colonies Entirely agricultural Large slave population Small number of wealthy landowners

Wednesday 9/24/14Why did the southern colonies choose agriculture as their primary source of income?

The Carolina Colony

The Carolina Colony Founded as a proprietary colony King Charles II granted land to 8

proprietors in payment of a debt (just like with Pennsylvania)

Proprietors hope to make a profit by charging quitrents

Hired John Locke to write the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina Includes policy for religious toleration-to

attract settlers Included a policy for a social class

system based on land ownership…this policy was never carried out but showed a difference between the southern and New England colonies which emphasized equality

The Headright System Every “head” you brought to the colony,

you received a certain amount of land More people= More land Led to the establishment of large

plantations with cash crops

First Settlers in Carolina British from Barbados Brought a well-developed slave system

with them Settlers from other European nations

(France, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland and Ireland) were at the settlement

Diverse religious backgrounds (Protestants, Huguenots, Jewish)

Government At first the Lords Proprietors controlled the

government through a governor and a grand council

Grand Council = Representatives of the Proprietors + Carolina Elite + Representatives of the Common People of the Colony

Just as with the other colonies, Carolina had some degree of democracy from the beginning

Take out a blank sheet of paper and number 1-13

Label the 13 colonies on a sheet of paper

This will count as a quiz grade!

Extra Credit: List the colonies that belong in the southern, middle and new England colonies

#1

#13

#11

#12

#10

#9

#8#7

#6

#5

#4

#3

#2

Colonial Government

8-1.6: Colonial Government SC starts as a proprietary colony Proprietors in charge, represented by a

governor

In order to attract more settlers, the proprietors started to share some of their power with property owners

A political elite developed The more land you own = the power you

got The most powerful people in SC were

the large landowners (Plantations)

The Grand Council

Made laws (including tax laws) for the colony

Bicameral (two houses) assembly…most English colonies had this

The Proprietors and the elite had more representation (power) in government than the common people

The Grand Council decided that a majority of each group (the Proprietors, Elite and Common People) should have an equal say in the government

Problem….. Each group did not represent a

proportional amount of the population Ex: Very few plantation owners but they

have just as much power as the other groups

Another Problem….. Lowcountry representation was much

greater than that of the Backcountry In order to represent the common

people, the Grand Council established the Commons House of Assembly

Changing to a Royal Colony

A Royal Colony Controlled by the King (wants control of

the colonies) The King appointed a governor to

represent him Most colonies eventually became Royal

colonies The King revoked their charters

(Proprietors, Joint Stock Companies, etc. )

SC became a royal colony at the invitation of the colonists

Too many problems with the Proprietors Considered Proprietors to be “absentee

landlords” (wanted rent but offered no protection)

Proprietors considered SC to be disobedient and not making enough money

The king was able to reach a financial agreement with the Proprietors and SC became a royal colony

The colony was split into two: North and South Carolina

Royal Colony Government The king appointed a governor to run SC However, SC continued to have a self

government through their representative assembly

This limited the royal governor’s power because they assembly controlled the taxes and paid the governor’s salary

Economic Advantages of a Royal Colony English government offered increased

subsidies for naval stores Allowed merchants to sell rice directly to

foreign countries Established townships in the

backcountry to encourage migration

After the quiz….. Read p. 41-51 I am checking the following: p. 21 and p.

26 in your notebook (Barbados Connection and FCC w/Cooper reading)

The Regulator Movement

The Backcountry of SC More immigrants began moving to the

backcountry of SC (Scotch Irish and Germans)

Population in the backcountry began to outnumber the population in the lowcountry

Despite having a large population, the backcountry still had less representation in the Assembly than the lowcountry

The Regulator Movement During the mid 1700s, horse thieves and

criminals began moving to the backcountry There was no courts, jails or law

enforcement of any kind (received no help from the gov’t…remember controlled by the lowcountry!)

Settlers in the backcountry began to take the law into their own hands…The Regulator Movement

The Regulator Movement was a vigilante group

Eventually it grew out of hand and the gov’t of SC stepped in

They established courts, districts and law enforcement to help police the area

SC Townships Map This will go on p. 33 in your notebook Copy and label the map found on p. 51

in your textbook

Regulator Assignment This will go on p. 34 in your notebook Read and answer the questions using p.

64-66