unit 3 skeleton notes coach riordan bio 1a. unit 3 skeleton notes i. energy & life a autotrophs...

Unit 3 Skeleton NotesUnit 3 Skeleton Notes

Coach Riordan

Bio 1A


I. Energy & LifeA Autotrophs & Heterotrophs

1. ________________________-organisms such as plants which make their own food. Plants and some other organisms are able to use light energy from sun to make food.

2. Other organisms called ____________________ cannot use the suns energy directly and must obtain energy from the foods they consume.


B. Chemical Energy and ATP1. Energy in Chemicals can be released by breaking

chemical bonds.

2. All living things use ______________ (Adenosine Triphosphate) to store and release energy in the cell.

3. ATP is a compound made of Adenine, Ribose Sugar, and 3 phosphate molecules. The energy in ATP is stored in the 3rd phosphate bond and is released when ATP is made into _________________ by breaking the bond.

The ATP MoleculeThe ATP Molecule


II. PhotosynthesisA. In the process of ____________________,

plants use the energy of sunlight to convert _____________________ and CO2 into high energy carbohydrates and oxygen. These carbohydrates are later used to make ATP.


1. The Photosynthesis Equation

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + O2

Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen


2. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called _________________. The main pigment in plants is ______________.

Quick Review of Quick Review of RROOYYGGBBIIVV


III. The reactions of PhotosynthesisA. All reactions of photosynthesis take place inside the

________________________ of a plant cell.1. Chloroplasts contain photosynthetic membranes called

_____________________________ which are arranged in stacks called ___________________.

2. Thylakoid membranes organize chlorophyll and other pigments into light collecting units known as ______________________________.

Anatomy of ChloroplastsAnatomy of Chloroplasts


B. There are two sets of reactions that take place inside chloroplasts.

1. ___________________________-light requiring rxn’s that produce O2 and convert ADP and NAD+ into ATP and NADPH. These rxn’s take place on the thylakoid membrane.

The Light ReactionsThe Light Reactions


2. ___________________________-also known as the light-independent rxns, this process occurs in the __________________ of chloroplasts and converts CO2 into sugars using energy from light-dependent rxns.

The Dark Reactions (Calvin The Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle)Cycle)

The Big PictureThe Big Picture


C. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis1. Water Shortage

2. Temperature

3. Intensity of Light

YOU TUBE LINK ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS


I. Chemical PathwaysA. Chemical Energy & Food

1. Primarily, cells can use fats, sugars, and proteins to make energy.

a. The amount of energy in food is measured in __________________________________.


2. The process of releasing energy from food in the presence of oxygen is called _____________________________.

You Tube on Cell Respiration


B. Overview of Cellular Respiration1. First step in Cell Respiration is

__________________ where one glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of _____________________________. This process releases small amounts of _________________________.


2. Once glucose is broken down into Pyruvic Acid, it is transported into the ___________________ where it is put through the ______________________. This series of reactions results in ____________, small amounts of ____________, ___________, and ____________.


3. The final step in cell respiration is known as the _____________________________. This is an __________________ process that produces large amounts of _____________ and it occurs in the inner membrane of the _____________________.

THE BIG PICTURETHE BIG PICTURE

Unit 3Unit 3 SkeletonSkeleton NotesNotes

C. ____________________ is a process that occurs during ________________ conditions. This process occurs because pyruvic acid builds up when krebs cycle and electron transport chain are not working due to a lack of O2. There are two types of fermentation:

1. __________________________-some microorganisms form ethyl alcohol and CO2 when O2 is not present.

2. __________________________-many cell types convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid when O2 is not available. This process uses NADH so that glycolysis can continue. Lactic acid build up is responsible for burning sensation that is felt during vigorous exercise when body is not able to supply enough O2 to all tissues of the body.

Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation

Big Picture of FermentationBig Picture of Fermentation


D. Total ATP Production of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis 4 Net ATP

Krebs Cycle & Electron Chain 30 Net ATP

34 Total Net ATP per 1 Glucose Molecule


E. Energy & Exercise1. Quick Energy: Most cells contain enough ATP for 4-

5 seconds of intense activity. When this available ATP is spent, most ATP is produced via lactic acid fermentation. These sources can usually last up to 90 seconds.

2. Long-Term Energy: Your body stores enough _____________________ for about 15-20 minutes of activity. After that, your body begins to break down other stored molecules including fats for energy.


F. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis Cell Respiration

Function Energy Captured

Location Mitochondria

Reactants CO2 and H2O

Products CO2 and H2O and ATP

Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

unit 3 skeleton notes coach riordan bio 1a. unit 3 skeleton notes i. energy & life a autotrophs...

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