unit 3 section sec 7.2 cell structure. animal and plant cells have more similarities than...
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Unit 3Unit 3
Section Sec 7.2Cell Structure
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Animal and Plant Cells Have More Similarities Than Differences
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1. Cell Membrane1. Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane:Controls what enters and leaves cell
through selective permeability Boundary of every cell
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a. Membrane Lipidsa. Membrane Lipids
Phospholipid bilayer:Polar hydrophilic headNonpolar hydrophobic tail
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Cell MembraneCell Membrane
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c. Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipid bilayer acts more like a fluid than a solid
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2. 2. Cell Wall
Only located in plant cells Surrounds ____________ Functions:
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A Consequence of Cell Walls – the Great Strength of Woody Plants
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3. Nucleus3. Nucleus
Functions: Store
Nuclear Membrane: double membrane barrier enclosing nucleus
Chromatin: carries ______, coils together to form chromosomes
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The Nucleus Think of the nucleus as the cell’s control center.
Two meters of human DNA fits into a nucleus that’s 0.000005 meters across.
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4. Cytoplasm4. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: entire region between nucleus and cell membrane
Contains cytosol:
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Cellular Anatomy
We’ll start by seeing what role these parts play in making and moving proteins.
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1. Mitochondria
1. Mitochondria: ________________
Site of Cellular Respiration:
Cristae: inner membrane to increase surface area for reactions
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The Mitochondrion
Think of the mitochondrion as the powerhouse of the cell.
Both plant and animal cells contain many mitochondria.
(Mitochondria is the plural of mitochondrion)
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The Mitochondrion
A class of diseases that causes muscle weakness and neurological disorders are due to malfunctioning mitochondria.
Worn out mitochondria may be an important factor in aging.
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2. Ribosomes2. Ribosomes
Ribosomes:Site of ______
SynthesisMade of
ribosomal RNA and proteins
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Ribosomes and the Endoplasmic Reticulum
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3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
-Like a highway, transporting material from one part to anotherRough ER:
Produces components of CMSmooth ER:
make lipids, metabolize carbs., breakdown drugs and poisons
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4. Golgi Apparatus4. Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus: Products of the ER are sent over, modified,
stored, and sent out in vesicles
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The Golgi Apparatus (or Complex)
Think of the Golgi apparatus as a busy airport receiving passengers (proteins) and sending them to their destinations.
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5. Lysosomes5. Lysosomes
Lysosomes:Using enzymes and Hydrolysis, they digest
macromolecules like proteins and carbohydratesVideo
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The Lysosome
Cell suicide (suicide is bad for cells, but good for us!)
Recycling cellular components
Functions:
Digesting food or cellular invaders
(The lysosome is not found in plant cells)
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The Lysosome
This bacterium about to be eaten by an immune system cell will spend the last minutes of its existence within a lysosome.
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6. Vacuoles6. Vacuoles
Vacuoles: storage and waste control
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Two Other Unique Features of Plant Cells
The central vacuole may occupy 90% of a plant cell.
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7. Cytoskeleton7. Cytoskeleton
7. Cytoskeleton:Gives __________ and maintains shape of
cellCan adjust for movement
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Cytoskeleton
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A Cytoskeleton Gallery
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The name is misleading. The cytoskeleton is the skeleton of the cell, but it’s also like the muscular system, able to change the shape of cells in a flash.
The Cytoskeleton
An animal cell cytoskeleton
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8. Cilia and Flagella8. Cilia and Flagella
Cilia and Flagella: extend from cells used to propel organism Cilia: a large number of short hair-like
extensions Flagella: smaller in number and longer in length
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Cilia on a protozoan. Beating sperm tail at fertilization.
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9. Chloroplast9. Chloroplast
Site for photosynthesis
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The Chloroplast
Think of the chloroplast as the solar panel of the plant cell.
Only plants have chloroplasts, but animals reap the benefits too.
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Cells In a Leaf
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Centrioles: Assist the cell in movement of chromosomes during cell reproduction
10. Centrioles
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Ticket out the Door: Write the Ticket out the Door: Write the questions and answersquestions and answers
1. Identify and describe 2 parts of the cell that present in a plant cell but not an animal cell?
2. What do ribosomes do?
3. What is the nucleus surrounded by?