UnitTopicGenreSkillsGrammar Points

1Tell me about itReport text Listening :

Understanding the construction of report text

Responding the construction of report text Understanding the text of report.Speaking :

Making the dialog by using the expressions of pleasure and displeasure Presenting the text of report text orally

Reading : Responding to the text of report Identifying the components of the report text constructions Using the grammar point of present simple tenseWriting :

Finding out the specific information

Making written text of report. Making the dialog by using the expressions of warning

Simple Present tense Active and passive form of simple present tense

Unit 3 Report Text Tell me about it

What is a report ?A report is written for a clear purpose and to a particular audience. Specific information and evidence and presented, analyzed and applied to a particular problem or issue. The information is presented in a clearly structured format making use of sections and headings so that the information is easy to locate and follow. Reports can be used in textbooks, encyclopedias, reference books, etc. A report text has its own generic structure, having two components: (1) general classification and (2) description. Reports are principally not the same as descriptive text focuses on a specific things and its specific features; a report deals with things in general.

Basic competenceA. Spoken Cycle

Understanding the construction of the report text.

Responding to the spoken monolog report text of text.

Responding to the expressions of pleasure and displeasure. Conducting the dialogs by using the expression of pleasure and displeasure.

Presenting the text of report orally.B. Written Cycle Responding to the text of report text.

Identifying the components of the report text construction. Responding to the expressions of warning. Using the grammar point of simple present tense.

Finding out the specific information.

Making written text of report text.

Spoken Cycle

Building knowledge of field

Activity 1

In pairs, study the animals below and then answer the questions.

1. Do you know the animals above?

2. Do you know that those animals are endangered?

3. Do you know anything about those animals?

4. Do you know what makes them endangered?Generic structure of a report:

1. General classification: starting classification of general aspect of thing, animal, public place, plant, etc. which will be discussed in general.

2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part, customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials.

Language features:

1. Report texts usually use simple present tense, and seldom use past tenses (if the thing is extinct).

2. Use of adjectives, adjectives phrases in describing especially the qualities.

3. The language is neutral or should objective: no expression of opinions, no refrence to the reader (not using I, we or you), except in spoken texts.

4. Use of be: is, are, was, were, for the classification.

5. Use of verb have: have, has, had, to give detailed description.

6. Use of action verbs related to the topic, especially when describing behaviors (for living things)

`Essential Grammar Point : Adjective

Adjectives are used in most types of texts, especially in report and description. The use of adjectives should be known to help us understand spoken and written texts and produce them. You will study the function and the use of adjective in noun phrase and sentences.

Study these examples.

a. A baby kangaroo is tiny.

(subject : noun phrase) (to be) (adjective)

b. Gorillas are

very powerful.

(subject) (to be) (adjective)

c. An apple usually has smooth skin.

(adjective) (noun)

d. The flesh of the mango becomessweet when it is ripe.

Main Function of Adjectives

Adjectives principally function to describe, qualify or modify nouns. The noun which is modified can be the subject noun (see example a and b) and the one which is put after the adjective (see Example c). Some adjectives are sometimes used after linking verbs (see example d).Common Forms of Adjectives

1. The base of words (no Affixes): Happy

Sad Great Short, etc.2. With a suffix (affixes added to the end of a word):-.ful

: beautiful, wonderful

-.less: careless, fearless

-.ive

: creative, imaginative, etc.

-.ent/ant: consistent, significant

-.ous

: serious, dangerous

-.ical/ial: critical, potential

-.ible/able: possible, breakable, forgettable

3. ing form (present participle) and ed (past participle): Interesting Fascinating Exhausted, etc.Positions of Adjectives

1. After to be

E.g. The taste is delicious.

2. Before nouns

E.g. House usually have strong foundations made of solid materials.

3. After a linking verb (certain verb followed immediately by an adjective)

E.g. Tigers turned wild when they felt a threat.

Activity 2

Choose the correct adjective to complete these sentences.

1. I seldom visit art galleries. Im not very (interested / interesting)

2. We had to walk for more than two hours. It was very (tired / tiring)

3. Hes one of the most (bored/ boring) people Ive ever met. He never stops talking and never says anything (interesting/ interested)

4. Im starting a new job next week. Im quite (exciting / excited) about it.

5. Why do you always look so (bored/ boring) ? Is your life really so (bored / boring) ?Summary of Grammar point

Do not see the notes on the previous page to complete this. Compare with your friends and discuss about it.

1. The main function of adjectives: .

2. The main forms of adjectives:

a)

b) ..

c) ..

3. The position of adjectives:

a)

b) ..

c)

Activity 3

Listen carefully to the teacher and fill in the blanks to complete the following text.

Today is Sunday. Each family ______ in wijayas house is ______ with their activities. Mr. Wijaya is reading a ________ in front of the house. In the kitchen, Mrs. Wijaya is ______ lunch. The maid, Inah, is ________the house.

The eldest ______, Bima, is washing his _______in the yard. Bimas sister, Ratih, is in her bedroom. She is listening to her favorite _______. Rian, the ________son , is playing with a _____car in the ______room. In the garden, the wijayas _____ daughter, Maya, is _______ the plants. Mimi, their _____cat, is in the ________ drinking a bowl of _____, and Bobi, their parakeet, is ________ beautifully in its cage. Suddenly there was a ______ noise. Mr. Hadi, the ________, is cutting the ______ using a lawn mower.

Activity 4Discuss with the class the following questions based on the report text above.

1. What is Mr. Wijaya reading?

2. What is Mrs. Wijaya doing in the kitchen?

3. Is Inah cooking?

4. Is Rian Playing with a doll in the living room?

5. What is the function of the text?

6. What is Ratih doing in her bedroom?

7. What is Mimi doing in the backyard?

8. Is Bobi singing beautifully?

9. What is Mr. Hadi doing?

10. Is Maya cutting or watering the plants in the garden?

EXPRESSING pleasure and displeasure

Expression of pleasure is used when we get or feel happy.

Expression of displeasure is used when we get or feel unhappy.

1. Pleasure, Displeasure

Pleasuredispleasure

Its really delightful/Ia m delighted Im satisfiedThats greatThats wonderfulIts really a great pleasureIm dissatisfied We are fed up withI feel disappointedShe is extremely displeased

Activity 5

Answer the question below orally.

1. Have you ever used expression of pleasure ?

2. Have you ever used expression of displeasure?

3. When should you use it?

Activity 6Make dialogs based on expression of pleasure and displeasure. Then practice it in front of the class with your partner.

Modeling of text

Activity 7

Listen to the cassette talking about whales then answer the question below!

Whales are sea living mammals. They therefore breathe air but can not survive on land. Some whales are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30 meters in length, is the largest animal to have lived down earth. Superficially, the whales look rather like a fish, but there are important differences in its external structure; its tail consist of a pair of broad, flat horizontal paddles, compare with the tail of a fish that is vertical. It has single nostril on top of its large broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lays a layer of fat. This is up to 30 cm in thickness and serves to conserve head and body fluids.

1. The text tells us about

A. whales

B. the size of whale

C. fish and its habitat

D. the conservation of whale

E. the differences between whale and fish

2. The false statement about whale is

A. It is large animal

B. Its skin is smooth and shinny

C. Its tail is vertical

D. It has broad head

E. It has a single nostril

3. Blubber is the.

A. hole on the head

B. fins on the fish

C. paddle of the tail

D. skin of a fish

E. layer of fat

4. The position of nostril is in/on the..

A. skin

B. fin

C. tail

D. top of broad headE. paddle

5. which can exceed 30 m length. The synonym of the bold typed word is

A. is about

B. greaterC. more thanD. biggerE. longer

Activity 8Listen to the teacher carefully, then label the parts of the report.

PIRANHA FISH

Piranha fish are the fiercest animals in the world. They live in the fresh water rivers of South America, from Venezuela to Northern Argentina. This fish hunt in groups, called schools. They usually eat another fish smaller than themselves. Sometimes Piranhas will attack and eat each other.

There are about 18 kinds of Piranha fish. Only four kinds attack man. Piranhas have large head and short thick bodies. They are usually about 20 cm (9 inches) long but one kind can be as much as 60 cm (two feet). It lives in the San Francisco River from Eastern Brazil. It is one of the most dangerous fish.

The most noticeable thing about Piranha fish is the large mouth. The mouth has a lot of triangular teeth with sharp point. The point piece the skin of the prey. The razor sharp edges of the teeth chop out pieces of flesh. The teeth of the upper and lower jaws fit together like scissors. The muscles moving the jaws are big and very powerful.

On the back of Piranha fish there is a ridge called a keel. There is another keel running along its belly. The tail is slender and muscular. Its tail fins are broad. All these features help the Piranha to swim fast through the water. The Piranha fish eat a large South American rat-like animal, called a Capybara, weighing 50 kilos (100 ponds) to a skeleton in less than 60 seconds.

Joint construction of text

Activity 9

Work in group. Make a report based on the information below. Then tell it in front of the class with your groups.

Lion

What kinds of animal does a lion belong to?

Carnivores

Wild animals

Where can you find a lion?

In the African jungle

In the savannah

It roams in forest

How does a lion move /life/survive?

They hunt at their hunting area. They can run fast like a horse. Its fangs are very strong. Its claws are sharp. They can hear voices from 100 until 150 meters. There are 6,000 lions remaining today.What does a lion look like?

It resembles a cat. The male lion has a mane.

The male is bigger than the female.

What does the lion feed on?

Zebras

Buffaloes

Deer

How does a lion reproduce their young (cubs)?

They are mammals.

They have babies.

Independent of construction of textActivity 10Give a report using a picture of an animal, a plant, or a thing. Then retell in front of the class individually.

Written cycle

Building knowledge of field

Activity 1

Read the text carefully then answer the questions based on the text.A tornado is a violently rotating column of air which is in contact with both a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, a cumulus cloud base and the surface of the earth.

Tornadoes come in many sizes but are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris.

Most tornadoes have wind speeds of 110 mph (177 km/h) or less, are about 250 feet (75 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before disappears.

Some reach wind speeds of more than 300 mph (480 km/h), stretch more than a mile (1.6 km) across, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles (more than 100 km). Although tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica, most occur in the United States. They also commonly occur in southern Canada, south central and eastern Asia, east-central South America, Southern Africa, north-western and central Europe, Italy, western and south-eastern Australia, and New Zealand.

Adapted from: www.wikipedia.org1. What kind of text is it?

2. What is the generic structure of the text?

3. What are the language features of the text?

4. What is the suitable title for the text ?

5. What is tornado?

6. How fast does tornado usually go?

7. Where do tornadoes usually occur?

8. What is the shape of tornado?

9. Where has experts observed tornado?

10. Where does the information about the text come from? Activity 2

In pairs, match each of the following words with its meaning. Then, complete each sentence with the suitable word.

1. clouds

a. corong

2. debris

b. angin topan

3. funnel

c. awan

4. mile

d. mil

5. tornado

e. reruntuhan1. A ... ..is 1.61 kilometers.

2. Most tornados are in the shape of ..3. The of things in which the tornadoes run through usually

flies around the tornado.

4. ..has been observed in all continents except Antarctica.

5. Tornados usually are in contact of with cumulonimbus and cumulus ...Expressing warning

It is used when we are going to give warnings to other people.

Informative notice

Out of order ( for a machine that is not working )

Sold out ( the tickets are sold out )Do this

Please queue other side.

Keep right.

Dont do this

No smoking.

No parking.

Dont disturb.

Silence. Examination is in progress.

Watch out

Look out behind you.

Watch your head.

Watch your step.

Beware of pickpockets

Advice

Take good care of yourself.

Be careful.

Take care., please.

Activity 3

Answer the following question

1. Have you ever used expressions of warning?

2. When should we use the expressions?

Activity 4

Match these warnings with the situations given.

Warning Situation

1. Watch your step, please.a. Your sister has just learned how to swim.

2. Keep swimming near the seashore.b. b. your friend is cheating during the test

3. beware of the pickpockets.c. someone is standing in the middle of the street.

4. Be careful or the teacher will catch you.d. Your grandma is standing on an escalator.

5. Look out! A car is behind you.e. In a crowded supermarket.

Activity 5

Make a dialog using expressions of warning.

Modeling of text

Activity 6

Read the following text. Then find some difficult words and make sentences based on the words.

Earthquake is a sudden shaking of the earth's surface that often causes a lot of damage. It is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes may happen naturally or as a result of human activities. Smaller earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear experiments.

At the Earth's surface, earthquakes can be seen from the shaking or displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and damage of property. There are two types of earthquake that occurs naturally, they are tectonic and volcanic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes are earthquakes that are caused by tectonic plates getting stuck and putting a strain on the ground. The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by breaking and sliding along fault planes. Volcanic earthquakes are earthquakes which are caused by the movement of magma in volcanoes. In volcanic regions earthquakes may be caused both by tectonic faults and by the movement of magma in volcanoes. Such earthquakes can be an early warning of volcanic eruptions.

The size of an earthquake is usually reported using the Richter scale or a related Moment scale. Earthquakes which are 3 on the Richter scale or lower are hard to notice. Whereas, those which are 7 on the Richter scale causes serious damage over large areas.

Adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EarthquakeGrammar in action

Simple Present

FORM

[VERB] + s/es in third person

Examples:

You speak English.

Do you speak English?

You do not speak English.

USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.

Activity 7

a. Write the correct form of the given verb. Use only the present perfect tense

I tennis. ( play) She tennis.(not, play) The train every morning at 8 AM.( leave) The train at 9 AM.( not, leave ) She always her purse. ( forget) He never his wallet.( forget) Every twelve months, the Earth the Sun.(circle)USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.

b. Write the correct form of the given verb. Use only the present perfect tense

Cats milk.(like) Birds milk.( not, like) California in America.(be) California in the United Kingdom.(not, be) Windows made of glass.(be) Windows made of wood.(not, be)USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future

Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.

Examples:

The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.

The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.

When do we board the plane?

The party starts at 8 o'clock.

When does class begin tomorrow?

USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-Continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs.

Examples:

I am here now.

She is not here now.

He needs help right now.

He does not need help now.

He has his passport in his hand.

Do you have your passport with you?

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You only speak English.

Do you only speak English?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Active Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. Passive

Activity 8Enjoy reading the following text

What is a kangaroo?

A kangaroo is an animal found only in Australia, although it has a smaller relative, called a wallaby, which lives on the Australian island of Tasmania and also in New Guinea.

Kangaroos are marsupials. A female kangaroo has an external pouch on the front of her body. A baby kangaroo is very tiny when it is born, and it crawls at once into this pouch where it spends its first five month of life.

Kangaroos eat grass and plants. They have short front legs, but very long and very strong back legs and a tail. These they use for sitting up on and for jumping. Kangaroos have been known to make forward jumps of over eight meters, and leap across fences more than three meters high. They can also run at speeds of over 45 kilometers per hours

The largest kangaroos are the Great Grey Kangaroo and the Red Kangaroo. Adults grow to a length of 1.60 meters and weight over 90 kilos.

Activity 9Analyze the generic structure of the story above.

Title

General classifications

Descriptions

Joint construction of text

Activity 10Work in pairs. Rearrange the jumbled paragraphs into a good and meaningful text. Then, put it into the chart.

A common windmill consists of a high steel tower on top of which revolves an air motor. The parts of the air motor are fixed onto the wind shaft and are automatically held into the wind or furled according to whether water should be pumped of if the mill needs to be protected from the wind.

An ordinary 8-foot windwheel develops less than 1/10 horsepower.

A windmill is a machine for converting wind energy into mechanical energy.

A windmill is used for grinding grain, pumping water for irrigation and in the past few years for generating electricity.

Independent construction of text

Activity 11Complete the text below.

Good morning, my friends. Today Im going to tell you about a computer. Who has a computer at home? Raise your hands. Good! Thats wonderful! Well, can I ask you what computer is used for? You, Lina, can you answer my question? Yes, thats right! To process data, to store data, to type. Can anyone else add anything? What about you aryo?.......................................................etc.

Now, Ill tell you about a computer. A computer system is made up of a number of inter-connected systems. The heart of the computer is the central processor unit called CPU. Are you following me? Okay, let me continue. The CPU perform the necessary calculations and controls the input and output units. The CPU is divided into three parts. The memory unit stores the data and programs. The control unit selects data and instructions from the memory unit, interprets them, and controls the calculations. And the third is the arithmetic unit. It performs addition, subtraction, and compares data.

The input device

..

(Continued by yourself )

Well, I think that is all my short report about a computer. I hope you will understand it very well. if you have any questions, Ill be happy to answer it during the break time. Thanks you very much.

Instructor: Drs. Suhanto Kastaredja, M,Pd.UNIVERSITAS PGRI ADI BUANA SURABAYA

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS

JL. NGAGEL DADI III-B-37 SURABAYA - JL. DUKUH MENANGGAL XII SURABAYA

( attach your picture of an animal)

What is it?

Mention parts of the body.

Habit por behavior.

(attach your picture of an animal)

What is it?

Mention parts of the thing.

Use.

Title

General classification

.

Identification.

..

..