unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
TRANSCRIPT
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Biodiversity
Ch10, Section 3: The Future of Biodiversity
Standards: SEV4f, 5a, 5f
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How are species preserved?
• 3 Methods to save species1. Captive Breeding
programs2. Germ Plasm Banks3. Zoos, Aquariums,
Parks, & Gardens
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How are species preserved?
1. Captive Breeding Programs– Breed species in captivity
and then reintroduce them to their natural habitats.
– Ex: California condor• Population dwindled to 9
birds due to habitat loss, poaching, lead poisoning
• Scientists captured 9 birds, bred them in pens and re-released the offspring.
• As of June 2012, 233 birds live in the wild.
Scientists use puppets to teach chicks so the chicks do not associate people with food.
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How are species preserved?
2. Germ Plasm Banks– Store sperm, egg,
pollen, seeds, or pure DNA for future use
– Cryogenically frozen– Can be used for
• Research• Species recovery efforts
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How are species preserved?
3. Zoos, Aquariums, Parks, & Gardens– Living museums of
world’s biodiversity– May protect the last
remaining members of a species.
– However, will never have enough space to preserve all organisms
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What problems are associated with saving a species?
• Some species won’t reproduce in captivity– Ex: Rhinos rarely mate
in captivity
• When species reintroduced may not mate or survive in wild
• Inbreeding may occur & make organism susceptible to disease
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What is the most effective way to preserve a species?
• Protect its habitat or ecosystem!
• Protecting entire ecosystem will not only protect endangered species but also other species in the area.
• Establish preserves to protect large region
• Promote products that may come from these ecosystems will help save these ecosystems (shade grown coffee)
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How are endangered species protected?
• United States– Hunting & fishing laws– Endangered Species Act
• Internationally– CITES– Biodiversity Treaty
• Private Conservation Groups
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How are endangered species protected?
• Hunting & Fishing Laws– Establish
• Season for hunting/fishing
• Size of catch• Gender of catch• What type of hunting tool
you can use
This fish is tagged so scientists can study population sizes and how they grow/change. Based on what they observe, hunting/fishing laws will be altered.
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How are endangered species protected?
• Endangered Species Act (1973)– US Fish & Wildlife Service must
compile list of endangered & threatened species
– These organisms (or any of their parts) may not be caught, killed, uprooted, sold, or traded• Fined if caught $500-$25,000
and/or 6 months in jail• Endangered Species Act Fines
– Gov’t may not carry out any project that jeopardizes endangered species (ex: building a dam)
– Must prepare a species recovery plan for each species
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Species Recovery Plans
• Forces people to protect their own land if a protected species lives on it.
• This means people can’t build on their own land.
• Try to compromise with habitat conservation plans which allows people to build on land but only in areas where protected species will not be completely harmed.
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How are endangered species protected?
• IUCN was panel of 200 gov’t representatives & 700 conservation groups
• Established CITES – Convention on International
Trade of Endangered Species– International ban on
trade/poaching of endangered species
– Effectively stopped illegal trade on ivory from elephants in 1980s
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How are endangered species protected?
• Earth Summit- organized by UN and had more than 100 world leaders and 30,000 other people
• Established Biodiversity Treaty– Preserve biodiversity &
genetic resources in all countries
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How are endangered species protected?
• Private Conservation Groups- groups that raise money or use direct confrontational actions to conserve hotspots around globe.– World Wildlife Fund– Nature Conservancy– Conservation
International– Greenpeace