Unit 2: Zones of Exchange and

Encounter (500-1200)

2A) Gupta

1. The concept of zero, the expansion of the caste system, and the creation of the decimal system are most closely associated with the

(1) Inca Empire (3) Song dynasty(2) Tokugawa Shogunate (4) Gupta Empire

1. The concept of zero, the expansion of the caste system, and the creation of the decimal system are most closely associated with the

(1) Inca Empire (3) Song dynasty(2) Tokugawa Shogunate (4) Gupta Empire

• Creation of colorful murals in the Ajanta caves• Development of decimal system and concept

of zero• Trade with Persia and east African cities

2. These accomplishments occurred during the

(1) Han dynasty (3) Tang dynasty(2) Gupta Empire (4) Maurya Empire

• Creation of colorful murals in the Ajanta caves• Development of decimal system and concept

of zero• Trade with Persia and east African cities

2. These accomplishments occurred during the

(1) Han dynasty (3) Tang dynasty(2) Gupta Empire (4) Maurya Empire

3. Which geographic factor affected the development of the Gupta Empire?

(1) volcanoes (3) monsoons(2) permafrost (4) island location

3. Which geographic factor affected the development of the Gupta Empire?

(1) volcanoes (3) monsoons(2) permafrost (4) island location

2B) Tang and Song Dynasties

4. Trade along the Silk Roads and the trans-Saharan trade routes resulted in

(1) elimination of all traditional beliefs(2) a movement toward decolonization(3) the Columbian exchange(4) cultural diffusion between different societies

4. Trade along the Silk Roads and the trans-Saharan trade routes resulted in

(1) elimination of all traditional beliefs(2) a movement toward decolonization(3) the Columbian exchange(4) cultural diffusion between different societies

5. Which achievements are most closely associated with the Tang and Song dynasties of China?

(1) wheel and stirrup(2) chinampas and calendar(3) gunpowder and movable wooden type(4) mosaics and domes

5. Which achievements are most closely associated with the Tang and Song dynasties of China?

(1) wheel and stirrup(2) chinampas and calendar(3) gunpowder and movable wooden type(4) mosaics and domes

2C) Byzantine Empire and Early Russia

6. The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Russia by

(1) preventing Mongol invasions(2) destroying the power of the legislature(3) establishing the potato as a staple food(4) introducing Eastern Orthodox beliefs

6. The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Russia by

(1) preventing Mongol invasions(2) destroying the power of the legislature(3) establishing the potato as a staple food(4) introducing Eastern Orthodox beliefs

7. The Russian Orthodox Church developed as a result of Russia’s cultural interactions with which group?

(1) Byzantines (3) Vikings(2) Muslims (4) Huns

7. The Russian Orthodox Church developed as a result of Russia’s cultural interactions with which group?

(1) Byzantines (3) Vikings(2) Muslims (4) Huns

8. The strategic location of the Byzantine Empire allowed control of the key trade routes between the

(1) South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca(2) Caspian Sea and the Indian Ocean(3) North Sea and the English Channel(4) Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

8. The strategic location of the Byzantine Empire allowed control of the key trade routes between the

(1) South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca(2) Caspian Sea and the Indian Ocean(3) North Sea and the English Channel(4) Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

9. The early eastern European Slavic civilization at Kiev adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion, the Cyrillic alphabet, and certain styles of art and= architecture as a result of

(1) wars with Japan(2) conquests by Mongol invaders(3) visits to western European countries(4) trade with the Byzantine Empire

9. The early eastern European Slavic civilization at Kiev adopted the Eastern Orthodox religion, the Cyrillic alphabet, and certain styles of art and= architecture as a result of

(1) wars with Japan(2) conquests by Mongol invaders(3) visits to western European countries(4) trade with the Byzantine Empire

10. The Code of Hammurabi of Babylon and the Justinian Code of the Byzantine Empire served functions similar to the

(1) Ziggurats of the Sumerians(2) Buddhist stupas(3) Maya hieroglyphics(4) Twelve Tables of the Romans

10. The Code of Hammurabi of Babylon and the Justinian Code of the Byzantine Empire served functions similar to the

(1) Ziggurats of the Sumerians(2) Buddhist stupas(3) Maya hieroglyphics(4) Twelve Tables of the Romans

11. One way in which Hammurabi and Justinian are similar is that they successfully

(1) established public education systems(2) codified the laws of their empire(3) instituted democratic governments(4) separated church and state

11. One way in which Hammurabi and Justinian are similar is that they successfully

(1) established public education systems(2) codified the laws of their empire(3) instituted democratic governments(4) separated church and state

12. The introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet and Orthodox Christianity to Russia is most closely associated with

(1) Viking conquests(2) Byzantine missionaries(3) Alexander the Great’s armies(4) Ottoman expansion

12. The introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet and Orthodox Christianity to Russia is most closely associated with

(1) Viking conquests(2) Byzantine missionaries(3) Alexander the Great’s armies(4) Ottoman expansion

… Aside from female saints, the women described in the greatest detail by Byzantine authors are empresses and aristocrats. Although they had a certain amount of freedom, these women were held to very much the same standards as average women in Byzantine society: modesty, piety, and self-control were traits of an ideal woman. To preserve their modesty, young unmarried women rarely went out in public alone, and married women who did not have jobs outside the home left the house only for specific reasons, such as to go to the market, to church, or to the baths. By the middle Byzantine period, it was thought appropriate for women, when they did go out, to cover their heads.…

— Molly Fulghum Heintz, “Work,” in Ioli Kalavrezou,Byzantine Women and Their World, Harvard UniversityArt Museums, 2003 (adapted)

13. What is the primary theme of this passage?(1) social mobility (3) cultural values(2) economic interests (4) natural rights

… Aside from female saints, the women described in the greatest detail by Byzantine authors are empresses and aristocrats. Although they had a certain amount of freedom, these women were held to very much the same standards as average women in Byzantine society: modesty, piety, and self-control were traits of an ideal woman. To preserve their modesty, young unmarried women rarely went out in public alone, and married women who did not have jobs outside the home left the house only for specific reasons, such as to go to the market, to church, or to the baths. By the middle Byzantine period, it was thought appropriate for women, when they did go out, to cover their heads.…

— Molly Fulghum Heintz, “Work,” in Ioli Kalavrezou,Byzantine Women and Their World, Harvard UniversityArt Museums, 2003 (adapted)

13. What is the primary theme of this passage?(1) social mobility (3) cultural values(2) economic interests (4) natural rights

… Aside from female saints, the women described in the greatest detail by Byzantine authors are empresses and aristocrats. Although they had a certain amount of freedom, these women were held to very much the same standards as average women in Byzantine society: modesty, piety, and self-control were traits of an ideal woman. To preserve their modesty, young unmarried women rarely went out in public alone, and married women who did not have jobs outside the home left the house only for specific reasons, such as to go to the market, to church, or to the baths. By the middle Byzantine period, it was thought appropriate for women, when they did go out, to cover their heads.…

— Molly Fulghum Heintz, “Work,” in Ioli Kalavrezou,Byzantine Women and Their World, Harvard University

Art Museums, 2003 (adapted)

14. Which statement about Byzantine society is best supported by this passage?

(1) Empresses and aristocrats were more important than female saints.(2) All women were expected to adhere to similar standards.(3) Most women had jobs outside the home.(4) Young unmarried women were encouraged to be independent.

… Aside from female saints, the women described in the greatest detail by Byzantine authors are empresses and aristocrats. Although they had a certain amount of freedom, these women were held to very much the same standards as average women in Byzantine society: modesty, piety, and self-control were traits of an ideal woman. To preserve their modesty, young unmarried women rarely went out in public alone, and married women who did not have jobs outside the home left the house only for specific reasons, such as to go to the market, to church, or to the baths. By the middle Byzantine period, it was thought appropriate for women, when they did go out, to cover their heads.…

— Molly Fulghum Heintz, “Work,” in Ioli Kalavrezou,Byzantine Women and Their World, Harvard University

Art Museums, 2003 (adapted)

14. Which statement about Byzantine society is best supported by this passage?

(1) Empresses and aristocrats were more important than female saints.(2) All women were expected to adhere to similar standards.(3) Most women had jobs outside the home.(4) Young unmarried women were encouraged to be independent.

15. One reason the Russian Empire was difficult to unite was that it

(1) had many diverse ethnic groups(2) possessed limited natural resources(3) served as a crossroads for trade(4) lacked a navy

15. One reason the Russian Empire was difficult to unite was that it

(1) had many diverse ethnic groups(2) possessed limited natural resources(3) served as a crossroads for trade(4) lacked a navy

16. Which region had the greatest influence on the historical and cultural development of the Byzantine Empire?

(1) Mesoamerica (3) Rome(2) India (4) Egypt

16. Which region had the greatest influence on the historical and cultural development of the Byzantine Empire?

(1) Mesoamerica (3) Rome(2) India (4) Egypt

17. The Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables of Rome are examples of

(1) written laws(2) religious rules of conduct(3) economic sanctions(4) early constitutions

17. The Code of Hammurabi and the Twelve Tables of Rome are examples of

(1) written laws(2) religious rules of conduct(3) economic sanctions(4) early constitutions

18. The Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian Code are examples of

(1) religious edicts(2) written laws(3) epic poems(4) democratic constitutions

18. The Code of Hammurabi, the Twelve Tables, and the Justinian Code are examples of

(1) religious edicts(2) written laws(3) epic poems(4) democratic constitutions

2D) Islamic Civilizations

19. Which statement about the Islamic Golden Age is a fact rather than an opinion?

(1) Islamic medicine was more advanced than Chinese medicine.

(2) Poetry and literature were more important fields of study for Muslims than was mathematics.

(3) Knowledge of astronomy was used by Muslims to fulfill religious obligations.

(4) Islamic philosophies relied less on Greek philosophical masters than on Indian philosophical masters.

19. Which statement about the Islamic Golden Age is a fact rather than an opinion?

(1) Islamic medicine was more advanced than Chinese medicine.

(2) Poetry and literature were more important fields of study for Muslims than was mathematics.

(3) Knowledge of astronomy was used by Muslims to fulfill religious obligations.

(4) Islamic philosophies relied less on Greek philosophical masters than on Indian philosophical masters.

• Islamic scholars made significant contributions to astronomy.

• Muslim architects excelled in design.• Schools and libraries were built in Islamic urban centers.

20. Which conclusion about Islamic society during its Golden Age can best be supported by these statements?

(1) Social status of Muslims was determined at birth.(2) Achievements relied on a knowledge of math and science.(3) People of diverse faiths were required to convert to Islam.(4) Cities developed self-sufficient economies.

• Islamic scholars made significant contributions to astronomy.

• Muslim architects excelled in design.• Schools and libraries were built in Islamic urban centers.

20. Which conclusion about Islamic society during its Golden Age can best be supported by these statements?

(1) Social status of Muslims was determined at birth.(2) Achievements relied on a knowledge of math and science.(3) People of diverse faiths were required to convert to Islam.(4) Cities developed self-sufficient economies.

21. Which achievements are most closely associated with the Golden Age of Islamic culture?

(1) mosques, medical books, and algebra(2) gunpowder, pagodas, and silk(3) aqueducts, roads, and polytheistic temples (4) columns, theory of a sun-centered universe,

and democracy

21. Which achievements are most closely associated with the Golden Age of Islamic culture?

(1) mosques, medical books, and algebra(2) gunpowder, pagodas, and silk(3) aqueducts, roads, and polytheistic temples (4) columns, theory of a sun-centered universe,

and democracy

22. One way in which the travels of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are similar is that each

(1) started mass migrations from Europe(2) stimulated interest in other cultures(3) led to the establishment of colonies(4) resulted in archaeological discoveries in

Africa

22. One way in which the travels of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta are similar is that each

(1) started mass migrations from Europe(2) stimulated interest in other cultures(3) led to the establishment of colonies(4) resulted in archaeological discoveries in

Africa

23. Which historical period is associated with the concept of zero, the development of a handbook on medicine, and the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?

(1) European Renaissance(2) Golden Age of Islam(3) Songhai Empire(4) Age of Pericles

23. Which historical period is associated with the concept of zero, the development of a handbook on medicine, and the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?

(1) European Renaissance(2) Golden Age of Islam(3) Songhai Empire(4) Age of Pericles

. . . The split arose from a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad after his death in A.D. 632. Some followers believed his successor should be chosen by tribal consensus, and they named one of Muhammad’s inner circle as the first caliph, or spiritual leader. But others thought the successor should come directly from the Prophet’s family, namely his cousin and sonin-law Ali. . . .

- Source: National Geographic, June 2004

24. The situation described in this passage led to the

(1) pogroms in Russia(2) fall of Constantinople(3) division of Sunnis and Shiites(4) tensions between Protestants and Catholics

. . . The split arose from a dispute over who should succeed the Prophet Muhammad after his death in A.D. 632. Some followers believed his successor should be chosen by tribal consensus, and they named one of Muhammad’s inner circle as the first caliph, or spiritual leader. But others thought the successor should come directly from the Prophet’s family, namely his cousin and sonin-law Ali. . . .

- Source: National Geographic, June 2004

24. The situation described in this passage led to the

(1) pogroms in Russia(2) fall of Constantinople(3) division of Sunnis and Shiites(4) tensions between Protestants and Catholics

2E) Medieval Europe

25. Charlemagne’s 9th century empire covered territory which today would include the countries of

(1) Poland and Russia(2) Spain and Portugal(3) France and Germany(4) Ireland and the United Kingdom

25. Charlemagne’s 9th century empire covered territory which today would include the countries of

(1) Poland and Russia(2) Spain and Portugal(3) France and Germany(4) Ireland and the United Kingdom

26. In the European feudal system under manorialism, what is the most significant economic commodity?

(1) livestock (3) gold and silver(2) land (4) sugar and spices

26. In the European feudal system under manorialism, what is the most significant economic commodity?

(1) livestock (3) gold and silver(2) land (4) sugar and spices

27. An economic reason for the institution of serfdom was to maintain

(1) an educated citizenry(2) a stable workforce(3) overseas trade(4) religious uniformity

27. An economic reason for the institution of serfdom was to maintain

(1) an educated citizenry(2) a stable workforce(3) overseas trade(4) religious uniformity

28. Which institution served as the primary unifying force in medieval western Europe?

(1) legislature (3) monarchy(2) church (4) military

28. Which institution served as the primary unifying force in medieval western Europe?

(1) legislature (3) monarchy(2) church (4) military

I. __________________________________A. Decentralized governmentsB. Widespread usage of manorialismC. Increased power of the Roman Catholic Church

29. Which would be the best heading?

(1) Results of the Spanish Reconquista(2) Characteristics of Feudal Europe(3) Essential Traits of the Italian City-States(4) Outcomes of the Glorious Revolution

I. __________________________________A. Decentralized governmentsB. Widespread usage of manorialismC. Increased power of the Roman Catholic Church

29. Which would be the best heading?

(1) Results of the Spanish Reconquista(2) Characteristics of Feudal Europe(3) Essential Traits of the Italian City-States(4) Outcomes of the Glorious Revolution

30. In general, in which direction did the Black Death spread during the 14th century?

(1) from Europe to the Americas(2) from Africa to Southeast Asia(3) from Asia to Europe(4) from the Americas to Asia

30. In general, in which direction did the Black Death spread during the 14th century?

(1) from Europe to the Americas(2) from Africa to Southeast Asia(3) from Asia to Europe(4) from the Americas to Asia

31. During the European Middle Ages, guilds were created to

(1) obtain better working conditions in factories(2) standardize goods and prices(3) regulate the money supply(4) increase competition

31. During the European Middle Ages, guilds were created to

(1) obtain better working conditions in factories(2) standardize goods and prices(3) regulate the money supply(4) increase competition

32. During the 14th century, the Black Death became a widespread epidemic primarily because of

(1) the resurgence of trade(2) Chinese overseas exploration(3) European colonial policies(4) new agricultural practices

32. During the 14th century, the Black Death became a widespread epidemic primarily because of

(1) the resurgence of trade(2) Chinese overseas exploration(3) European colonial policies(4) new agricultural practices

33. Which action is linked to the spread of the Black Death to Europe during the 14th century?

(1) trade with Asia(2) conquest of Japan(3) trade across the Sahara(4) exploration of the Western Hemisphere

33. Which action is linked to the spread of the Black Death to Europe during the 14th century?

(1) trade with Asia(2) conquest of Japan(3) trade across the Sahara(4) exploration of the Western Hemisphere

34. Which statement best characterizes Europe during the early Middle Ages?

(1) A centralized government provided law and order.

(2) Manorialism developed to meet the people’s economic needs.

(3) People adopted humanism and questioned the Church.

(4) A standardized currency promoted international trade.

34. Which statement best characterizes Europe during the early Middle Ages?

(1) A centralized government provided law and order.

(2) Manorialism developed to meet the people’s economic needs.

(3) People adopted humanism and questioned the Church.

(4) A standardized currency promoted international trade.

35. As the Black Death spread in the mid-14th century, which region tended to experience the greatest loss of life?

(1) rural farms (3) remote villages(2) urban areas (4) mountainous areas

35. As the Black Death spread in the mid-14th century, which region tended to experience the greatest loss of life?

(1) rural farms (3) remote villages(2) urban areas (4) mountainous areas

36. What was a direct result of the Black Death in Europe?

(1) The rate of urbanization increased.(2) A shortage of workers developed.(3) Food crops had to be imported from the

Americas.(4) German states dominated trade in the

eastern Mediterranean.

36. What was a direct result of the Black Death in Europe?

(1) The rate of urbanization increased.(2) A shortage of workers developed.(3) Food crops had to be imported from the

Americas.(4) German states dominated trade in the

eastern Mediterranean.

37. Which statement about the bubonic plague in Europe, Asia, and Africa is accurate?

(1) It followed trade routes.(2) It increased agricultural production.(3) It was restricted to rural areas.(4) It encouraged nationalism.

37. Which statement about the bubonic plague in Europe, Asia, and Africa is accurate?

(1) It followed trade routes.(2) It increased agricultural production.(3) It was restricted to rural areas.(4) It encouraged nationalism.

38. The bubonic plague affected economic development in medieval times by

(1) encouraging the introduction of new types of crops

(2) causing production to decline and prices to rise

(3) sparking the ideas of socialism and reform(4) destroying the guild system

38. The bubonic plague affected economic development in medieval times by

(1) encouraging the introduction of new types of crops

(2) causing production to decline and prices to rise

(3) sparking the ideas of socialism and reform(4) destroying the guild system

2F) The Crusades

39. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?

I. _________________________________A. Escape feudal oppressionB. Earn salvation from sinsC. Recapture the Holy Land

(1) Goals of the Hanseatic League(2) Reasons for Europeans to Fight the Crusades(3) Results of the Reconquista(4) Aims of Charlemagne

39. Which heading best completes the partial outline below?

I. _________________________________A. Escape feudal oppressionB. Earn salvation from sinsC. Recapture the Holy Land

(1) Goals of the Hanseatic League(2) Reasons for Europeans to Fight the Crusades(3) Results of the Reconquista(4) Aims of Charlemagne

40. One long-term effect of the Crusades was the

(1) development of Pax Mongolia(2) fall of the Ming dynasty(3) control of Jerusalem by Europeans(4) growth of trade and towns in western Europe

40. One long-term effect of the Crusades was the

(1) development of Pax Mongolia(2) fall of the Ming dynasty(3) control of Jerusalem by Europeans(4) growth of trade and towns in western Europe

41. Which statement accurately describes the actions of Muslims during the Crusades?

(1) Most Muslims converted to Christianity.(2) Muslims attacked and conquered

Constantinople.(3) Muslims defended Jerusalem because it was

sacred to them.(4) Many Muslims visited Europe for the first time

to obtain luxury goods.

41. Which statement accurately describes the actions of Muslims during the Crusades?

(1) Most Muslims converted to Christianity.(2) Muslims attacked and conquered

Constantinople.(3) Muslims defended Jerusalem because it was

sacred to them.(4) Many Muslims visited Europe for the first time

to obtain luxury goods.

Speaker A: We must fight to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah.

Speaker B: Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked.

Speaker C: We must go forth to heal the split between the churches.

Speaker D: An investment in ships and knights will yield control of profitable trade routes.

42. Which speaker expresses a Muslim perspective during the Crusades?

(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

Speaker A: We must fight to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah.

Speaker B: Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked.

Speaker C: We must go forth to heal the split between the churches.

Speaker D: An investment in ships and knights will yield control of profitable trade routes.

42. Which speaker expresses a Muslim perspective during the Crusades?

(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

Speaker A: We must fight to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah.

Speaker B: Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked.

Speaker C: We must go forth to heal the split between the churches.

Speaker D: An investment in ships and knights will yield control of profitable trade routes.

43. Which speaker is expressing an economic motive for the Crusades?

(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D

Speaker A: We must fight to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah.

Speaker B: Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked.

Speaker C: We must go forth to heal the split between the churches.

Speaker D: An investment in ships and knights will yield control of profitable trade routes.

43. Which speaker is expressing an economic motive for the Crusades?

(1) A (3) C(2) B (4) D