unit 2: water! from waves to weather lesson 1 wave...

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Unit 2: Water! From Waves to Weather

Wave Energy Le

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Waves carry energy, Not matter. Students learn the basic properties of waves. They learn how wave energy affects them every day through sound. Students apply this knowledge to animals in the ocean, learning how they communicate in their environmenT.

Unit 2: Water! From Waves to Weather

Wave Energy Le

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Table Of Contents 4 Launch!

Waves. Waves are movements of energy.

6 Making Waves A1: Wave Shape. Wave energy has crests and troughs.

12 Riding Waves A2: Energy Transfer. Waves transfer energy, not molecules.

18 Groovin’ Waves A3: Sound. Sound travels in invisible waves from molecule to molecule.

24 Underwater Biophony A4: Marine Animal Sounds. Many ocean animals make noises.

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Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.Launch! * www.reefpulsehawaii.com Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.Launch! * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

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MaterialsNothing to gather

Ready?Nothing to prepare.

Set?Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 1: • Making Waves (Wave Shape)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Riding Waves (Energy Transfer)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Groovin’ Waves (Sound)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: • Underwater Biophony (Marine Animal Sounds)Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • Wind Winds Waves (Waves)

Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students.

Launch!(Waves)

Waves are movements of energy.

What is a wave?

Movement of Energy!

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Reef Pulse - U2 L1 Launch!

Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.Launch! * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Launch!Make a wave as a class.

Stand in a big circle.•

First person: Lift your hands into the air and lower them. •

Next person: Lift your hands into the air.•Startassoonasfirstpersonstartstolowerhisorherhands.

Continue sequentially through class.•

How it worksMovement of energy! Waves move either upwards-and-downwards or backwards-and-forwards. Think of your class wave. Your hands moved upwards and downwards as your wave energy traveled.

Interesting Fact“The wave” at sporting events has no clear inventor. Here are a few people who have been given credit: Frank Zappa, Bill the Beerman, Krazy George, and the University of Washington.

Think About ItCan only one person do the wave?

On a Related NoteElectromagnetic energy travels through air. We used to receive television signals through these “air waves”. Radio signals still travel them, however.

Think about it...What is a wave?

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Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com 6

Ready?ExploreNothing to prepare.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: • Line of Light (Straight)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Riding Waves (Energy Transfer)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Groovin’ Waves (Sound)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: • Underwater Biophony (Marine Animal Sounds)Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • Wind Winds Waves (Waves)


Wave energy has crests and troughs.

Making Waves(Wave Shape)

What shape does a wave

have?

Crest and Trough!

MaterialsSheet (1 per pair)WhiteboardWhiteboard markerYardstickColoring material

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Reef Pulse - U2 L1 A1

Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com 7

EngageMake a wave in pairs.

Hold two corners of a sheet.•Fold in half vertically one or two times.

Partner two: Move arms upwards and downwards.•

Partner one: Tightly hold your two corners without moving.•Observe shape sheet makes.

Switch roles.•

Keiki StorytimeMagic School Bus: On the Ocean Floor by Joanna Cole (J 591.92 C)

Just for FunMake waves with a long jump rope! Put it on the ground. Wiggle one end backward and forwards.

Expressive ExpressionsPeople talk about “making waves” when someone does something that will upset or create problems.

Think about it...What shape does a wave have?

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8 Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

ExploreForm crests and troughs in small groups.

Stand in a line in front of class whiteboard. •Stand two feet apart. Hold hands.

Trace outline of group.•Go from head down to hands and back up to head. Try to make line as smooth as possible.

Move away from whiteboard.•

Observe wave just created.•Label top of wave, “crest.” Label low point, “trough” (rhymes with “cough”).

Think about it...What parts do waves have?

Making Waves

TROUGH

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9Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A1 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

ExplainWaves move energy! Ocean waves, light waves, sound waves, radio waves, and microwaves use waves to transfer energy across distances.

What shape does a wave have?Repeating pattern! Think of the shape your sheet made when you waved it through air. Waves have repeating high and low points.

What parts do waves have?Crests and troughs! Look at the wave on the board. Your heads formed crests and your hands troughs! Uncle says when you surf, you begin paddling while in the trough. Soon, the wave’s energy picks up your board and you pop up near the crest. You ride down the face of the wave from the crest toward the trough. You have just been playing with physics!

What’s in a Word?Crest comes from the Latin word crista (tuft or plume). Trough comes from the old English word trog (made of wood).

Career CornerSurfers learn all about the motion of wave energy.

NOAA LinkOcean water travels in waves. Learn more about the shape of ocean waves with National Ocean Service.

www.oceanservice.noaa.gov Search “Coastal Currents”

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ElaborateMeasure your waves as a group.

Examine your wave on the board.•How might you measure the wave?

Measure from one crest to the next crest. •

Measure from one trough to the next trough.•

Compare your two measurements.•

How it worksFinding the distance between similar parts of two adjacent waves! Oceanographers call this distance wavelength. When you measured the distance from crest-to-crest (or, trough-to-trough), you found the wavelength of your wave. What was your wavelength? It should have been about two feet.

Think about it...How do scientists measure waves?

Making Waves



EvaluateWhat shape does a wave have?

Answerbydrawingasetoffivewavesindividually.

Label the crest and trough of one wave.

How do buoys placed in the ocean help predict storms?

Scientists Say......equilibrium for the line halfway between crest and trough.

...amplitude for the distance between the crest or trough and equilibrium. Uncle calls amplitude height.

Did You Know?Waves with more energy have a greater amplitude (height). This makes sense. Bigger ocean waves can more easily knock you over.

Invention CenterBuoys in the ocean track air pressure, wind, temperature, and wave energy to help with weather forecasting.

AssessSC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.

SC.1.1.1 Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely.

SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.

SC.2.1.1 Develop predictions based on observations.SC.2.1.2 Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely

to test a prediction.

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Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com

Waves transfer energy, not molecules.

Ready?Nothing to prepare.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 3-Activity 1: • Line of Light (Straight) Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Riding Waves (Energy Transfer)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Groovin’ Waves (Sound)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: • Underwater Biophony (Animal Sounds)Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • Wind Winds Waves (Waves)Unit 4-Lesson 3-Activity 5: • Stop Pulling Me! (Tides)Unit 6-Lesson 2-Activity 6: • Force Called Friction (Friction)


Riding Waves(Energy Transfer)

Do waves move energy or

molecules?Energy!

MaterialsBallSlinky®

String (bright color)ScissorsCubby bin (1 per group)Cork (1 per group)Craft stick (1 per group)Water Dominoes


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Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative * U2.L1.A2 * www.reefpulsehawaii.com


EngagePlay Pass the Energy as a class.

Sit in a class circle.•Pretend you have become water molecules.

Make a pattern. •Three people in the circle stand upright. Next three people stay seated. Repeat pattern around circle.

Teacher:Passenergy(ball)tofirstpersoninastandinggroup.•

Standing students: Pass energy (ball) to the person standing or •sitting to your right.Sit down after you pass the energy.

Sitting students: Pass energy (ball) to the person standing or •sitting to your right. Stand after you pass the energy.

Repeat.•Continue to pass the energy down to the next water molecule.

Discuss how you did not move, but the energy did.•Did you see how you made troughs and crests as the energy passed?

Reading ResourceWaves: From Surfing to Tsunami by Drew Kampion (J 551.463 Ka)

Just for FunListen to the roar of waves crashing on the beach.

NOAA LinkCheck out this Jet Stream lesson on wave anatomy.

www.srh.weather.gov Search “Anatomy of a Wave”

Think about it...Do waves move energy or water molecules?

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ExplorePlay with Slinkys® in small groups.

Tie piece of bright string to one point in the middle of the Slinky• ®.

Choose two students to hold ends of the Slinky• ®.

Student one: Hold your end still.•

Student two: Move Slinky• ® upwards and downwards.You will see a wave traveling through it.

Rest of group: Observe the movement of the piece of string.•

Switch roles. •

Think about it...How does water move in open ocean waves?

Riding Waves



ExplainOcean waves begin when winds pass their motion energy to the water’s surface. Tutu says to remember energy never disappears, just changes form.

Do waves move energy or water molecules?Energy! While it may look like water in the ocean moves forward, only a small amount of water actually does. In the open ocean, friction moves the waves, which generates energy within the water. Aunty says this energy passes between water molecules, just like you passed the ball. You did not move, the energy did!

How does water move in the open ocean waves?Upwards and downwards! Think of waves you made in your Slinky®. Did the Slinky® actually move anywhere? No! You passed energy to the Slinky® by moving your hand. The energy passed through to the other side. But each spot on the Slinky®, like your string, only moved upwards and downwards.

Keiki StorytimeMrs. Armitage and the Big Wave by Quentin Blake (Easy Picture Book -BL)

Interesting FactSurfers riding the face of a wave can actually travel faster than the motion of the wave thanks to gravity!

Did You Know?Storms in the PacificOceanmakebigger waves than those elsewhere. More ocean across which a storm travels means more wave energy to gather.

Invention CenterAmerican Naval engineer Richard James and his wife Betty invented the Slinky® in 1945.

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ElaborateDo the Bobbing Cork experiment in small groups.

Ask a question,•Do water molecules move across the ocean in waves?

Do background research.•

Construct a hypothesis.•“If (I do this), then (this) will happen.”

Make a prediction.•

Test with an experiment. •Fill bin with water three inches deep. Place the cork in center of bin. Place craft stick in the water, across bin, at one end. Move stick about ten times upwards and downwards. Move it about one-half to one inch in each direction. Keep it at the end of the tub. Do not let it splash! This should create a series of parallel waves moving down the length of the tub toward the cork. Observe cork’s position in the bin while you do this. Allow the water to become still again. Reposition the cork. Repeat the experiment a few more times.

Analyze data.•

Communicate results.•

How it worksNo! When a wave passes through the ocean, individual water molecules (cork) move upward and downward, not forward and backward. Aunty says when a wave breaks against the shore, the crest outruns the trough and the crest collapses. In this case, water does move forward and backward.

Think about it...Do water molecules move across the ocean in waves?

Riding Waves



EvaluateDo waves move energy or molecules?

Answer by passing energy with dominoes individually.

Line up several dominoes in a row.•Make sure they are close, but not touching.

Predictwhatwillhappenifyoutapthefirstdomino.•

Tapfirstdominoandobserve.•

Describe how passing energy through dominos acts like waves •passing energy.

A wave travels from Japan to Hawaii. How much water has traveled from Japan?

AssessSC.K.1.3 Collect data about living and non-living things.

SC.1.1.1 Collect, record, and organize data using simple tools, equipment, and techniques safely.

SC.1.2.2 Describe a variety of changes that occur in nature.

SC.2.1.1 Develop predictions based on observations.SC.2.1.2 Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely

to test a prediction.

Scientists Say......orbital progressive wave to describe the circular motion of water molecules in an ocean wave.

Hawaii NeiHawaii, with its consistent waves, has become a center for wave energy research. Read more about it at the State’s website.

www.hawaii.govSearch “Wave Energy”

Just for FunFloat a toy in the bathtub. Dip your hand in-and-out of the water near it. The toy bobs upwards and downwards, just like a wave!

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Ready?ExploreCollect empty half-pint milk cartons (one per student).

Wash out cartons. Cut a window out of side of cartons.

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Atomic Partners (Parts of an Atom)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 1: • Making Waves (Wave Shape)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Riding Waves (Energy Transfer)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 4: • Underwater Biophony (Marine Animal Sounds)Unit 4-Lesson 1-Activity 5: • Wind Winds Waves (Waves)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 6: • Ma-a-a-arvelous-Ars (Modern Tools)


Groovin’ Waves(Sound)

What happens when

vibrations pass from

molecule to molecule?

Sound!

Sound travels in invisible waves from molecule to molecule.

MaterialsEmpty milk carton (1/2 pint) (1 per student)ScissorsRubber bands (1 thick,1 thin per student)Crayon (1 per student)Paper cups (4 per group)String (2 per group)Pencil

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Think about it…What is sound?

EngageUse your vocal chords to observe how sound travels.

Place your hand on your throat. •

Say, “Sound travels in waves.”•

Describe what you feel when you speak.•

Keiki StorytimeSounds All Around by Wendy Pfeffer (J 534 Pf)

What’s in a Word?Sound comes from the Latin word sonus (sound).

Interesting FactSound waves travel faster in warm air (794 miles per hour at 100o Fahrenheit) and slower in colder air (750 miles per hour at 44o Fahrenheit).

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ExploreMake a rubber band guitar individually!

Stretch a thick rubber band over your carton.•Position over open window.

Stretch a thin rubber band over the carton.•Position over open window.

Pluck the rubber bands.•Listen to the sounds. Compare.

Put a crayon under one rubber band.•

Pluck the rubber band.•Listen to the sound. Compare.

**Activity Extension**Use your rubber band guitar to play a steady beat.

Play whole notes, half notes, and quarter notes.

Think about it...How do sound waves travel to your ear?

Groovin’ WavesGroovin’ Waves



ExplainSound travels in invisible waves! Sound waves have tiny crests and troughs, too!

What is sound?Waves! Sound waves are invisible. We cannot see them. But we can hear them. You can feel them, too! Could you feel your throat vibrating? We make sound when our vocal chords vibrate. We hear sound when vibrations reach our ears and travel to our brain.

How do sound waves travel to your ear?Passing energy! Something vibrates. It passes that energy to air molecules next to it. Then, the molecules vibrate! Aunty says the energy passes from air molecule to air molecule until it reaches your ear.

Keiki StorytimeThe Magic School Bus in the Haunted Museum by Linda Ward Beech (J 534 B)

Did You Know?There is no sound in outer space as there are no molecules across which sound could vibrate.

Think About It“If a tree falls in the forest and nothing hears it, did it make a sound?”

This question was firstaskedbyBishopGeorge Berkeley (1685-1753).

Just for FunSearch for “Vienna Austria street musician playing water glasses” on YouTube to watch a great video!

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ElaborateMake telephones on a string in groups of four.

Use pen to poke a small hole in bottom of four cups.•

Thread end of one string through cup.•Tie a knot to secure it.

Thread other end of string through another cup.•Tie a knot to secure it.

Repeat with remaining two cups and string.•

Crisscross two telephone strings.•

Pick up a cup. •Each group member spread out while holding their cup until strings become taut.

Whisper to your group members without the telephone.•

Whisper to each other with the telephone.•Keep string stretched taunt or you will not be able to hear.

How it worksSolid! Uncle says to remember as energy vibrates from molecule to molecule it creates sound. Sound vibrations travel faster through molecules packed close together, such as in a solid. In a gas (like air) molecules spread apart from each other. Therefore, your string telephone passes sound better than the air around you!

Think about it...Does sound travel better through a solid or gas?

Groovin’ Waves



EvaluateWhat happens when vibrations pass from molecule to molecule?

Describe how sound travels through solid objects individually.

Set pencil on your desk.•Observe how loud it appeared.

Put your ear on your desk.•

Set pencil on your again desk.•Compare how loud it seemed.

Do sounds jump directly from your lips to your friend’s ear when you speak?

AssessSC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations.

SC.1.6.1 Identify solids, liquids, and gases and their basic properties.

SC.2.1.1 Develop predictions based on observations.

Scientists Say......frequency to describe how fast or slow something vibrates. They measure frequency by counting the number of vibrations per second.

Did You Know?Sound waves travel fifteenfootballfieldsin one second through water. It only travels through threefootballfieldsper second in the air. But, it travels fortyfivefootballfieldspersecondthrough iron, such as train tracks!

NOAA LinkNOAA’s PacificMarineEnvironmental Lab monitors the global ocean through underwater acoustics.

www.noaa.govSearch “PEML Sounds”

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Many ocean animals make noises.

Ready?EngageVisit www.youtube.com

Search “whale sounds,” “lobster sounds,” and “shrimp sounds.”

ExploreBlow up some balloons.

ElaborateFill cubbie bin with water, but not to top.

Cut off base of plastic bottles (one per group).

Set?Unit 1-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Atomic Partners (Parts of an Atom)Unit 1-Lesson 2-Activity 3: • Wet! Wet! Wet! (Liquid)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 1: • Making Waves (Wave Shape)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 2: • Riding Waves (Energy Transfer)Unit 2-Lesson 1-Activity 3: • Groovin’ Waves (Sound)Unit 4-Lesson 4-Activity 6: • Ma-a-a-arvelous-Ars (Modern Tools)

Go!Develop Know-Wonder-Learn chart with students

Underwater Biophony(Marine Animal Sounds)

What can you hear under the

ocean?

Marine Animal Sounds

MaterialsPaperTapeCombRetractable penBalloonPack of sticky notesDeck of cardsPlastic bottle (1 per group)Cubbie bin (1 per group)WaterWooden blocks (2 per group)Coloring materials

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EngageMake a marine band in groups of three.

Listen to underwater sounds made by whales, lobsters and •shrimp.www.youtube.com >> Search: whale sounds, lobster sounds, or shrimp sounds.

Select an animal.•Each group contains one whale, one lobster, and one shrimp.

Mimic your animal’s sound to create an underwater biophony.Whale: Roll a paper into a tube and tape closed. Make “ooooh” sounds intothetube.Lobster:Rubyourfingernailagainsttheteethofacomb.Shrimp: Make clicking sounds with a retractable pen.

Keiki StorytimeThe Whales’ Song by Dyan Sheldon (E S)

Interesting FactMale humpback whales in an area sing the same song, often lasting twenty minutes.

What’s in a Word?Bio (life) and phone (sound) combine to form biophony. It refers to the many sounds animals make in a habitat.

NOAA LinkHear whale sounds underwater with Ocean Explorer.

www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov >> Gallery >> Sound in the Sea.

Think about it...What sounds do ocean animals make?

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ExploreMake fish noises in groups of three.

Select an animal.•Eachgroupcontainsonefishthatmakesnoisewithitsbladder,onewithitsteethorspines,andonewithitstailorfin.

Mimicyourfish’ssoundtocreateanunderwaterbiophony.•Bladder (balloon): Use your hands to gently thump a beat on the balloon. Teeth or spines (pad of sticky notes): Use your nails to rub edge of sticky notes. Tailorfin(card):Tapcardonedgeoftable.

Playfishnoisestoabeat.•

Think about it...Dofishmakesounds?

Underwater Biophony



ExplainScientists use specialized tools to listen to all kinds of noises in the ocean! Shrimppopping,whalessinging,andfishpurring.Tutusaysmarineanimalscommunicateforallsortsofreasons,suchaswarningorfindingothersoftheir same kind.

What sounds do ocean animals make?All kinds! Whales and dolphins click, whistle, chirp, and sing. Spiny lobsters make a loud, raspy buzz by wiggling their antennae across a lump on the side of their heads. Shrimp make air bubbles that “POP” loudly.

Dofishmakesounds?Yes!Somefishusemusclesonorneartheirswimbladder.Othersstrikeorrubtheirteethorfinspines.Stillotherfishslapthewaterwiththeirtailorfin.

Scientists Say......vocalization for sounds animals makeforaspecificpurpose.

Did You Know?Fish feeding on coral make crackling sounds

Hawaii NeiDr. Tim Tricas (University of Hawaii at Hilo) specializes in recordingfishsounds.

www.hawaii.edu/fishlab

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ElaborateDo Underwater Sounds in pairs.

Place plastic bottle with bottom cut off into water.•

Put your ear on top of bottle.•Sit upright in your seat.

Partner: Tap two blocks together gently underwater. •Do not touch bottle or edge of water container.

Partner: Tap two blocks together gently out of water. •Do not tap blocks too close to any ears.

Switch.•

How it worksLiquids! In the previous activity (U2.L1.A3) you learned sound travels best through solids. Uncle says the closer together molecules are, the better sound travels. Therefore, sounds travel better through water than air, but not as good as through solids!

Think about it...Does sound travel better through liquid or gas?

Underwater Biophony



EvaluateWhat can you hear under the ocean?

Choose a marine animal.•Make up an underwater noise for your animal.

What body part did you use?•

Why can we not hear underwater sounds above water? HINT: How would the water’s surface bounce sound waves?

AssessSC.K.1.1 Use the senses to make observations.SC.K.1.2 Ask questions about living and non-living things.

SC.1.4.1 Describe how living things have structures that help them to survive.

SC.2.1.2 Conduct a simple investigation using a systematic process safely to test a prediction.

Think about itIf sound travels in waves, what causes echoes?

Answer: Sound waves bouncing off objects and sending them back to you.

Did You Know?Some animals, such as bats and whales, use echolocation. They send out calls and listen to the echoes. From this information, they can locate objects andfigureoutwhatthey are.

Invention CenterScientists use hydrophones to amplify sounds underwater in order to hear better.

On a related noteYou can hear sound better through liquid, but it is difficulttodetermineits direction when underwater.

unit 2: water! from waves to weather lesson 1 wave...

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