unit 2 the first people in washington wa state history
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 2The First People in WashingtonWA State History
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Unit 2: The First People in Washington
• Section 1: Origins and Names• Section 2: Coastal Cultures• Section 3: Plateau Cultures
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What things are part of a culture?
• Knowledge• Values• Beliefs• Traditions
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How do most anthropologists believe people first came to North America?
• Migrated from Asia during the last Ice Age
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Mention at least two other possible origins for the first Americans.
• Lost tribe of Israel• People who crossed from Asia, Europe, or Middle East
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What does an archaeologist study?
• Human cultures of the past• Examine things they have left behind
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According to archaeologists, people have been living in Washington for at least how long?
• 10,000 years
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Why is the term “Native American” more accurate than “Indian”?
• Reminds us that these people were the original people of America
• Indian technically means “from India”
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What two main groupings are often used to describe Native American cultures in Washington?
• Coastal Indians• Plateau Indians
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What was the special skill of the Chinook tribe?
• Trading
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What contact did Washington tribes have with the tribes to the north and east?
• Met to fish, visit, trade, share food and entertainment
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What buildings made up a coastal village?
• Longhouses that faced the sea• Moveable walls to separate families• Wooden platforms built into walls like bunks
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What tree provided material for houses, mats, and floor coverings?
• Cedar
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Describe the importance of salmon to the Coastal people.
• Number one food supply• Believed they were immortal and reincarnated• Held ceremonies to thank salmon for sacrificing
themselves
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What was the Coastal people’s attitude toward natural resources?
• Respect and appreciation• Believed everything had a spirit
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What other food besides salmon did the Coastal people eat?
• Seafood • Halibut, cod, herring, smelt, clams, oysters• Seals, otter, whales
• Edible plants• Roots and berries• Camas rood
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Why did they travel each year to traditional gathering grounds?
• To collect plants and hunt and fish
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What was the Coastal people’s main form of transportation?
• Canoes
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How was a person’s rank determined in tribal villages of the coast?
• Wealth and status• Wealth came from possessions and family history• Lowest rank was slave
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Which things might a wealthy Coastal person inherit?
• Possessions• Family histories• The right to perform songs, dances, or ceremonies
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What were some of the purposes of the potlatch?
• Given on special occasions• Marriage• Receiving inheritance
• Given to confirm certain events• Giving names to children• Increasing one’s status• Announcing one’s social standing
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According to the Coastal people, what things had spirits?
• All living and non-living things
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What was the shaman’s role in Coastal life?
• Healers• Spiritual leaders
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What were the functions of oral legends in Coastal life?
• Shared culture through spoken legends• Respected and sacred form of history and entertainment
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What do the figures on the northern tribes’ totem poles represent?
• The history of the family who owned the totem pole
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Name some art objects that the Coastal people are famous for.
• Woodcarvings• Baskets• Totem poles• Rain hats• Blankets
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Where did the Plateau Indians live?
• East of the Cascades
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How did geography influence food-gathering on the Plateau?
• Not so richly supplied with food• Had to travel to get food
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How are hunting and gathering related to a sense of loyalty to the tribe?
• Living and working together
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Name some ways that horses changed the lives of the Plateau Indians.
• They could travel faster and over greater distances• They could visit and communicate more often• There was greater unity• They could carry heavy loads• Hunting was easier and faster
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How did the cold winter climate influence Plateau houses and clothing?
• Pit houses with mat roof• Tepees• Leather clothing• Robes of animal skins• Snowshoes
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How were tribal decisions made in a Plateau village?
• Tribal Council (chiefs and leaders)• There was no “one voice” for the tribe
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How were leaders chosen among Plateau people?
• Skills• Not heritage, wealth, and status
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How were the religious beliefs of Plateau and Coastal cultures similar?
• Spirits in all things• Spirit quests• Ceremonies to honor salmon, hunting, and gathering
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How were oral legends important in Plateau cultures?
• They shared their beliefs and values• Preserved their culture
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