unit 2 the first civilizations
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Unit 2 The First Civilizations. Egypt, India Middle East China. The Nile River Valley (Egypt ). 6000 B.C.E. – 300 B.C.E. Geography. The Nile River – Longest River in the World. (4,160 Miles) River flows South to North into a Fan Wind blows North to South - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Unit 2The First
CivilizationsEgypt, India Middle East
China
The Nile River Valley (Egypt) 6000 B.C.E. – 300 B.C.E
GeographyThe Nile River – Longest
River in the World. (4,160 Miles)
River flows South to North into a Fan
Wind blows North to SouthTrade, Travel, Linking
Kingdom (Uniting) Transportation, Supply of
WaterCataracts (or rapids)
?
Egyptian Civilization along 750 miles of the Nile
Heavy Rains = Summer FloodsFarmers (Two to Three crops a year)
Food? Canals (Irrigation systems) Planning promoted cooperation
among people.Granite, Sandstone & Limestone in
River (Building materials)
Natural BarriersNubian & Libyan DesertsMediterranean & Red SeasWell protected from invaders Isthmus of Suez – Land bridge between Africa & Asia (Trade, Idea exchanges) How did the Nile River contribute to the development of Egyptian civilization?
HieroglyphicsCharacteristics of a Civilization (5) What are they?3000 B.C. Nile Valley People developed Hieroglyphics (form of writing)
600 signs, pictures, symbols that represents words and soundsCarved in stone hard materialsScribes – read and wrote, worked for church & government
PapyrusEgyptian discovered a
way to make paperPapyrus = Paper
Ink - soot, water, and plant juice (brush – rush)Documents: medical
books, calendars, stories, poems, & prayers
Easy to carry around (clay)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCR8n7qS43w
Rosetta Stone1798 French Army invaded
EgyptFrench officer discovered
unusual stoneWhy the name Rosetta?Carved in Stone (Greek, hieroglyphics, demotic)
French language expert solved the mystery of
hieroglyphics, used G Greek to decode it
Old Kingdom
2680 B.C. to 2180
B.C.
3200 B.C. Menes (King Upper) united Upper & Lower EgyptFounded Dynasty – Rule passed through FamilyPharaoh (great house) held all power (government, judges, high priests, army & trade)Pyramid Age & Great Sphinx – stood as symbols glory of Egyptian Civilization Three Pyramids built in Giza (King Khufu) (Khafre) (Menkaure)Sphinx stands to guard Khafre’s pyramid
Two classes Lower (peasants, farmers, army, labor)
Could improve status but not class
Upper (Pharaoh, royal family, scribes, government, priests, nobles)
Women equal status to men (could own property)
Nobility became stronger, Pharaoh’s power weakened (Ended Kingdom)
Civil wars (100 years)
Middle Kingdom
2050 B.C. to 1780 B.C.
“Golden Age” (Stability, Prosperity, & Increased Trade)
New line of Pharaoh’s reunited Egypt
Period of Time: “Hyksos” (Foreigners) Asia – introduced
new war tools chariot, compound bow
Nobility regroups grows strong again
Hyksos was driven out of Egypt
New Kingdom
1570 B.C. to 1080 B.C.
Great Pharaohs regain power (city of Thebes)
Powerful & Strong ArmyGained territory (Eastern end of
Mediterranean)
Built Empire ruling over Ethnic Groups
Hatshepsut (1503-1482 B.C.) – First known female Pharaoh
(death of husband)Strong ruler, maintain boarders,
built trade with other lands
1380 B.C. to 1362 B.C. Pharaoh Amenhotep IV ( Social and
Religious change)
Before belief in many Gods (Polytheism)
Amenhotep believed in one God (Monotheism) “The Sun”
God symbolized by solar disk (Aton)
Pharaoh changed name (Akhenaton) “he who is pleasing
to Aton”
People didn’t want change in one God
Akhenaton dies priests gain control
Ramses II – (1279 B.C. to 1213 B.C.) Ramses the Great
Held Empire together, Built many Temples & Monuments
Last Great Pharaoh
Series of Sea People weakened Egypt
Assyrians, Nubians, & Persians attacked
By 300 B.C. rule by Egyptians Ended
e
Achievements Mined Copper, made Bronze Engineering skills – Pyramids, Tombs,
Canals (Irrigation systems) 365 Day Calendar Medical advances – Surgery, Setting the
Bone Chariot, Compound Bow Making paper out of papyrus plant Sculpture, pottery
Bookmark Project
Front Side- Translate first name into new Egyptian nameDraw symbols vertically on BookmarkColor and decorate front side
Back side- Pick 5 symbols that represent you egyptartsite.com/symlst.htmlSeparate Paper (Paragraph) 1.What the symbol means? 2.Why it represents you?
Examples