unit 2 – rhythm, meter & metric organization mr. jackson ap music theory v
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 2 – Rhythm, Meter & Metric
Organization
Mr. JacksonAP Music Theory
Notating Rhythm
Notating Rhythm
Notating RhythmIntroduction Music is sound and silence in time.
Western Music Notation shows how long one note lasts in relation to
others.
Time Signatures specify how many beats are in each measure and
which note value constitutes one beat.
The TOP number
tells you how many beats
are in a measure
The BOTTOM
number
tells you which note gets one beat
Notating RhythmThe Dot and the Tie
The Dot extends the value of a SINGLE note by one-half of
its
original value.
The Tie combines the durational values of two or more notes of
the same pitch using a curved line.
Metric OrganizationDefinitions
Duration – The Length of time sound (or silence) occurs
Beat – A regular, recurring pulsation that divides music into units
of time
Meter– The organization of beats into regular groups of TWO,
THREE, and FOUR (usually with strong and weak beats) and how
the beat is subdivided
Subdivision– The division of the beat into two or three equal parts
Rhythm– Series of durations, often varying, of sound and silence
Tempo– The speed of the beat
Metric OrganizationMeter Duple – Two beats per measure [ STRONG weak]
TOP NUMBER of TIME SIGNATURE = 2 or 6
Triple– Three beats per measure [ STRONG weak weak]
TOP NUMBER of TIME SIGNATURE = 3 or 9
Quadruple– Four beats per measure [ STRONG weak LESS
STRONG weak]
TOP NUMBER of TIME SIGNATURE = 4 or 12
Simple Meter– refers to the beat being divided equally into TWO parts
TOP NUMBER of TIME SIGNATURE = 2, 3, 4
Compound Meter– refers to the beat being divided equally into THREE
parts
TOP NUMBER of TIME SIGNATURE = 6, 8, or 12
Metric OrganizationSimple Meter
Metric OrganizationCompound Meter
Metric OrganizationCompound Meter
Compound or not Compound?Compound or not Compound? That is the question… That is the question… To check:To check: Divide the TOP NUMBER of the time signature by 3. If your Divide the TOP NUMBER of the time signature by 3. If your answer is a whole number answer is a whole number greater than 1greater than 1 – you are in a – you are in a Compound Compound MeterMeter. Pretty cool, huh?. Pretty cool, huh?
Metric OrganizationCompound Meter
For Compound Meter– BE CAREFUL when defining the BEAT!
For 6/8 – We usually consider each measure having 2 Beats – NOT
6 as many people assume based on defining Time Signatures.
MeterSyncopation
Syncopation– Occurs when the emphasis or stress is in –between the
beats or on a normally weak beat.
MeterSyncopation (Cont..)
Syncopation can also involve TIES!
MeterTriplets & Duplets
Duplet– Divides a regular duration into three
* In “Compound Time” using Duples – * In “Compound Time” using Duples –
You are kind of “borrowing” from a You are kind of “borrowing” from a
Simple Feel!Simple Feel!
Triplet– Divides a regular duration into three
* In “Simple Time” using Triplets -- You are kind of “borrowing” from a * In “Simple Time” using Triplets -- You are kind of “borrowing” from a
Compound Feel!Compound Feel!
MeterDownbeats & Upbeats
Downbeat– The first beat of the measure.
Anacrusis– Notes that precede the first beat.
Metric OrganizationAsymmetrical Meters
Asymmetrical – means NOT symmetrical or NOT equal.
Asymmetrical Meters have beat units of UNEQUAL LENGTH.
** The most common asymmetrical meters have 5 or 7 as the top
number!**
In 5/8 – you could break it down a few different ways (3+2 or
2+3)
What about this one?
MeterHemiola
Hemiola– (sometimes called CROSS RHYTHM) – is a metric device
where the rhythmic relation of three notes occurs in the time of two. It
consists of super-imposing two notes in the time of three (duplet), or
three in the time of two (triplet).
MeterHemiola
Although we have Although we have 33 beats per measure – Schubert constantly uses TIES to beats per measure – Schubert constantly uses TIES to create create 22 beats all over the place! What’s up with that?! beats all over the place! What’s up with that?!
Etc..