Unit 2 Onsite storage and processing On-site storage On-site: the function concerned with the solid waste at thegeneration level Handling: separation of waste into their different types based on theputrescible nature On-site handling: it involves family members, community members toknow how to handle waste properly at this level On-site storage: the temporary collection of waste at the householdlevel. The essential fact is that waste is stored in proper container Salvage means the controlled removal of material from the solidwaste stream for recycling, composting or transformation. Segregation of municipal solid waste
Waste segregation means dividing waste into Wet waste Dry waste Dry waste-cans, aluminium foils, plastics, metals, glass, paper,batteries, dried plant etc., Wet waste-food stuff, vegetable peels, etc., Objectives of sorting Separate recyclable material-reuse
Recovery of materials and energy Hazardous waste-separate landfills Minimization-reduction in landfill space Segregation of waste in to following two streams
Biodegradable waste Non-biodegradable waste Recyclable plastics, paper, glass, metals Toxic old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer andpesticide container Soiled hospital waste cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids Municipal solid waste Management and Handling Rules 2000, waste must besegregated into following three types Organic waste tea leaves, egg shells, meat, bones Recyclable waste paper, shampoo bottles, glass, wires, safety pins others terapacks, thermocols, carbon paper Method of segregation/sorting
Manual sorting Semi-mechanized sorting Fully mechanized sorting Manual sorting Unloading Manually spreading
Hand picking waste reuse Collecting stockpiling theremaining waste Semi-mechanized sorting
Unloading of waste Loading of waste on conveyor belts Handpicking of waste off the belts forreuse Collecting, stocking and reloading theremaining waste Fully mechanized sorting operation
Unloading of waste Size reduction shredder & crusher Size separation screening devices Density separation Magnetic separation of waste Compaction of waste through balers/crushers Reloading of waste History of Municipal solid waste In 500 BC, the Athens organized the first municipal landfill in the western world and required waste disposal to be at least one mile from city walls. Back to Timeline In 1388, English Parliament puts a
ban on waste disposal in public waterways and ditches.Waste disposal methods involve simply throwing garbage out of windows and doors. Back to Timeline A new invention in Nottingham, England called The Destructor
provides the first incineration of MSW. Back to Timeline The first incinerator in the US is built on Governors Island,
New York. Back to Timeline In 1898, Colonel Waring, New York City street cleaning commissioner,
creates a solid waste management program that ends ocean dumping , institutes mandatory household separation of wastes, and begins the first recycling program. Back to Timeline In 1899, the Rivers and Harbors Act began requiring the
Army Corps of Engineers to regulate the dumping of debris In navigable waters and adjacent lands. Back to Timeline Municipal Solid Waste Management becomes a norm in 1902.
By this time, 72% of US cities provided trash collection. Back to Timeline The nations first major aluminum recycling plant opens in 1904.
Back to Timeline In 1916, cities switched from horsedrawn waste collection vehicles
to motorized ones. Back to Timeline Through the 1940s, Americans collected rubber, paper, scrap metal
fats, and tin cans in order to help the war effort. Back to Timeline The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
publishes the standard guide to sanitary landfilling. Visit the ASCE website: Back to Timeline The Solid Waste Disposal Act, the nations first federal MSW
Management law is passed in The goals of this act were to: 1) Promote the demonstration, construction, and application of solid waste management and resource recovery systems that preserve and enhance the quality of air, water and and services. 2) Provide technical and financial assistance to state and local governments and interstate agencies in the planning and development of resource recovery and solid waste disposal programs. 3) Promote a national research and development program for improved management techniques; more effective organizational arrangements; new and improved methods of collection, separation, recovery, and recycling of solid wastes; and the environmentally safe disposal of of nonrecoverable residues. 4) Provide for the promulgation of guidelines for solid waste collection, transport, separation, recovery, and disposal systems. 5) Provide for training grants in occupations involving the design, operation, and maintenance of solid waste disposal systems. Back to Timeline The Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 was ammended in 1970 by
Public Law , the Resources Recovery Act of This act emphasized that the main focus should be shifted from disposal as its primary objective, to recycling and reuse of recoverable materials in solid wastes, or to the conversion of wastes to energy. Back to Timeline The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developed in 1971.
Visit the EPA website at: Back to Timeline In 1976, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was
Passed setting specific guidelines for solid waste storage, treatment, and disposal.This act included both hazardous and solid waste. Back to Timeline In its review of Philadelphia vs. New Jersey the US Supreme Court invalidates a New Jersey law excluding out-of-state waste from public and Private landfills. Back to Timeline