unit 2-identifying rocks lab - student version

7/25/2019 Unit 2-Identifying Rocks Lab - Student Version

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Name___________________________________________________________________Hour__________Date__________________

Identifying Rocks LabDirections: Use the Rocks Packet, rock cards, and sample rocks to identify the following common rocks

o !gneous granite, "asalt, andesite, o"sidian, and pumice

o #edimentary sandstone $%uart& form', limestone, shale, conglomerate, and coal $(ituminous form'

o )etamorphic schist, gneiss, mar"le, slate, and %uart&ite

Parent/Daughter Metamorphism: *o identify parent and daughter metamorphism, look in the rocks packet or page +++ in your "ookContact metamorphismoccurs typically around intrusi-eigneous rocksas a result of the temperature increase caused "y the intrusion of magma .ontact

metamorphic rocks are usually known as hornfels Rocks formed "y contact metamorphism may not present signs of strong deformation and are often fine/

grained

Regional metamorphismco-ers large areas of continental crusttypically associated with mountain ranges, particularly su"duction &ones, or the roots

of pre-iously erodedmountains *he collision of two continental platesorisland arcswith continental plates produce the e0treme compressional $ie,

crushing' forces re%uired for the metamorphic changes typical of regional metamorphism *he rock is often foliated or deformed due to the strong

crushing pressures

Igneous Rocks (p. 98-101)

Name Diagnostic

Feature

Origin

(extrusive or

intrusive)

Grain Sie

(fne, coarse,

nonvisible or

mixed)

!inera"

#omposition

Daug$ter

!etamorp$ic Rock

(turns into which

metamorphic rock)

Importance or

%se

&"ate

'ounar

(#on*ergen

t+

Di*ergent+

,rans.+

otspot)

&icture o Rock

(/e sure to co"or)

1. esicu"ar

($o"e)

ig$t2eig$t 3

co"or

aria/"e

Sc$ist possi/"e

4.

Granite intrusion

turns to Gneiss

5.

Fine orne"s
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_(geology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornfelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornfelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crusthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_archttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_(geology)


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6.

Labradorite,

augite,

olivine

Oceanic #rust

7.

#ontinenta"

#rust

Seimentar Rocks (p. 104-10)Name DiagnosticFeature

Grain S$ape

(weathered/roun

ded or not

weathered/jagge

d)

Grain Sie

(fne,

coarse, or

nonvisible)

Rock ,pe

(clastic,

organic, or

chemical)

Origin

(uiet or

:cti*e

;n*ironment

an

escription o

en*.)

Daug$ter

!etamorp$ic

Rock

(turns into)

#ompositio

n

(What the

rock is made

o)

Importance

or %se

&icture o Rock

(/e sure to co"or)

1.

:nt$racite

(metamorp$ic

coa")

4.

5.

#"a

!inera"s

6.

Reacti*e

to :ci

(#ar/onat

e)

uiet


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4.

5. Reacti*e

to :ci

(#ar/onat

e)

6.

7.

Regiona"

!nswer "e#$Ientiing Rocks a/

Igneous Rocks (p. 98-101)Name &"ate

'ounar

!inera"#omposition

Grain Sie(fne, coarse,

or nonvisible)

Origin(extrusive

or

intrusive)

Daug$ter!etamorp$

ic Rock

Importance or

%se

Diagnostic

Feature

&icture o Rock(/e sure to co"or)

1.

&umice

#on*erg

ent

(su/uct

ion

one)

-otspot

-Si"ica

!inera"oi

*o"canic g"ass(not tru" a

minera" /ecause

no crsta""ine

structure)-#a"cite

Non*isi/"e

(some

crsta"s can

/e present)

;>trusi*e

aria/"e

Sc$ist

possi/"e

!i"

a/rasi*e

(e.g.+

"a*a

soap)

-esic"es

($o"es)

-o2

Densit

(?oats in

2ater)

-ig$t

#o"or 3

2eig$t

4.

O/siian

#on*erg

ent

(Su/uc

tion

one)

-otspot

-Si"ica

!inera"oi

*o"canic

g"ass(not tru" a

minera" /ecause

no crsta""ine

structure)

-!agnetite

Non*isi/"e ;>trusi*e

Granite

intrusion

turns to

Gneiss

#utting

too"s

(e.g.+

surgeon

sca"pe")

-

o"canic

g"ass

#onc$oi

a"racture


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5.

:nesite

#on*erg

ent

(Su/uc

tion

@one)

F"espar+

$orn/"ene+

/iotite+

augite

Fine

(fne to

mixed)

;>trusi*e orne"s

:/unant

e>trusi*e

su/uctio

n one

rock

#rus$e

construct

ion stone

-ig$t

an ark

co"ore

minera"s

-!eium

gra

-Fine

grain

6.

'asa"t

-

Di*erge

nt

-otspot

a/raorite+

augite+

o"i*ine

Fine ;>trusi*e :mp$i/o"i

te

Oceanic

#rust

(e.g.+

a2aiian

$otspot)

-#an /e

*esicu"ar

($o"e)

-er

ark gra

to /"ack

7.

Granite#on*erg

ent

(Su/uc

tion

one)

uart+

/iotite+

e"spar+

$orn/"ene

#oarse Intrusi*e Gneiss

#ontinent

a" #rust

(most

a/unant

)

-#oarse

grains

-isi/"e

Auart

Seimentar Rocks (p. 104-10)Name Diagnostic

Feature

Grain S$ape

(weathered/roun

ded or not

weathered/jagge

d)

Grain Sie

(fne,

coarse, or

nonvisible)

Rock ,pe

(clastic,

organic, or

chemical)

Origin

(uiet or

:cti*e

;n*ironment

anescription o

en*.)

Daug$ter

!etamorp$i

c Rock

(turns into)

#ompositi

on

(What the

rock is

made o)

Importance or

%se

&icture o

(/e sure to

1.

#oa"

('itumino

us)

-'"ack

-'ritt"e

-S$in 3

u""

"aers

-Dirt to

$an"e

Non*isi/"e !eium

to Fine

Organic

uiet ;n*.

Bet"ans+

'ogs+

S2amps

(ossi"ie

peat= 100-

500 ma)

:nt$racit

e(metamorp

$ic coa")

&"ants

(i.e.+

peat)

-rocar/

ons

-Fossi"

Fue"

(/urne to

make

e"ectricit C

makes 0

o %.S.

e"ectrica"

nee)


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4.

#ong"ome

rate

-!ae o

pe//"es)

#"astic

:cti*e

en*ironme

nt

Ri*er or

s$ore"ine

Gra*e"+

pe//"es

No economic

importance

5.

S$a"e

-'ane

grain

pattern

(o"iate

)

-Gra to

Re

Eagge Fine #"astic

(c"a

partic"es

)

uiet

en*ironme

nt

("ake/e+

"agoon+

s2amp+

ocean/asin)

S"ate #"a

minera"

s

-!ost

a/unant

seimentar

rock

- Fracking or

oi"


6/12

) san-B$ite

to re

!etamorp$ic Rocks (p. 110-114)Name Diagnostic

Feature

Grain &attern

(oliated or

nonoliated)

Grain S$ape

(round, jagged,

or not visible)

&"ate

'ounar

(#on.+ Di*.+

,rans.+

otspot)

#ontact or

Regiona"

!etamorp$is

m

&arent Igneous

or Seimentar

Rock

(was)

Importance or

%se

&icture o Rock

(/e sure to co"or

1.

uartite

-ooks

"ike

me"te

sugar

-Fine to

coarse

Nono"iate

(non/ane

)

Roun

-&rimari"

#on*ergen

t

(Su/ucti

on one)

%&ransorm

Regiona"

(rare"

contact)

Sanstone-'ui"ing

materia"

-G"ass 2are

4.

S"ate

-Fo"iate

(/ane

pattern)

-S"at

c"ea*ag

e

Fo"iate

(/ane)

Eagge -

#on*ergen

t

%&ransorm

Regiona" S$a"e -Roong+

ti"es+

/"ack/oar

s

5.

!ar/"e

Reacti*e

to

:ci


7/12


8/12

I!neo"# Rock Identification ChartCOMPOSITION

TEXTUREFelsic &ntermediate Mafic 'ltramafic

Pegmatitic Granite Pegmatite (iorite Pegmatite Gabbro Pegmatite

Phaneritic Granite (iorite Gabbro (unite

Aphanitic Rhyolite Andesite Basalt

Porphyritic Rhyolite Andesite Basalt

Glassy )bsidian Basaltic Glass*esicular Pumice Scoria

Pyroclastic *olcanic +uff


9/12

Sedimentar$ Rock Identification Chart

TEXTURE %RAIN SI&E COMPOSITION ROC NAME

"lastic

- mm rounded quartz, feldspar and roc# fragments "onglomerate- mm angular quartz, feldspar and roc# fragments Breccia

./.0 ! - mm quartz, feldspar Sandstone

./.0 mm feldspar, quartz Ar#ose

1./.0 mm quartz, clay mineralsSiltstone

2Mudstone, Shale3

1./-40 mm quartz, clay minerals "laystone

"hemical

silica 2quartz3 "hert

dolomite (olostone

calcite $imestone

halite Roc# Salt

gypsum Roc# Gypsum

Biologic

silica 2quartz3 "hert

loosely compacted organic material and plant fragments Peat

densely compacted organic material and plant fragments Bituminous "oal

calcite $imestone

calcite, micro!s#eletal fragments "hal#

calcite, almost entirely shell and s#eletal fragments "oquina

calcite 5ith some shell and s#eletal fragments Fossiliferous $imestone

dolomite 5ith some shell and s#eletal fragments Fossiliferous (olostone

Soi"

E3.p1B 'xplain how ph#sical and chemical weathering leads to erosion and the ormation o soils and sediments

(prerequisite)

;5.p1# escribe how coastal eatures are ormed b# wave erosion and deposition

#ora" rees


10/12

;5.p4'

*denti# common igneous (granite, basalt, andesite, obsidian, pumice),

metamorphic (schist, gneiss, marble, slate, +uartite),

sedimentar# (sandstone, limestone, shale, conglomerate) rocks

E3.1Aiscriminate between igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentar# rocks and describe the processes that change one

kind o rock into another

E3.1B Explain the relationship between the rock cycle and plate tectonics theory in regard to the origins of igneous, sedimentar#, and

metamorphic rocks

E3.1c 'xplain how the sie and shape o grains in a sedimentar# rock indicate the environment o ormation (including

climate) and deposition

E3.1d 'xplain how the cr#stal sies o igneous rocks indicate the rate o cooling and whether the rock is extrusive or

intrusive

;5.1e 'xplain how the texture (oliated, nonoliated) o metamorphic rock can indicate whether it has experiencedregional or contact metamorphism


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unit 2-identifying rocks lab - student version

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