Unit 2Cornell-A

Essential Question

Why did Americans start becoming an urban population and what did those living in big

cities experience when they moved there?

Unit 2 Cornell-AInteractive Notebook Q&A’s

What do you see here ?

Why do you think the builders are making this structure higher?

1. What technological advances were necessary, to make “skyscrapers” possible ? Pg. 277

Video 7: 18:00-23:50

New Steel Making: Bessemer Technology

2. Why was the Bessemer steel making technique/machinery better than previous machinery?

Pg. 231

New York City 1900

What do you see in this picture ?

Interactive Q&A’s:

3. What makes this city street “old fashioned ”? What makes it “modern” in 10 yrs?

Cornell-A: “Why did urbanization occur and what benefits come in living in a large city ?”

I. Urbanization = the GROWTH of Big

Cities or the gradual movement of most of the POPULATION to cities and away from RURAL areas (small TOWNS and FARMS)

People were ATTRACTED to cities because of the many BENEFITS that came with living there.

Ranking US Cities: 1900

Rank City population

1 NYC 4,347,000

2 Chicago 1,700,000

3 Philadelphia 1,300,000

4 St. Louis 575,000

5 Boston 560,000

9 San Francisco 342,000

Again, this is NYC in 1900. Lower East Side of Manhattan. What do you see here?

What do you think it was like to live here?

A. WHY did Urbanization happen ?

1. Immigration (more people from abroad)

a. By 1910: ½ of urban populations are immigrants

b. 1870-1920: 20 million Europeans immigrate to USA

--Video 7: 8:58—12:10

c. 1850-1920: 200,000 Japanese & 200,000 Chinese immigrate

d. 1910-1930: 7 million Mexicans immigrate

A. Why did Urbanization happen ?

2. Migration (more people – from RURAL areas into cities)

a. 1890-1910: 200,000 African-Americans move from South to NORTHERN cities

b. White farm workers replaced by MACHINES – so they look for work in cities

A. Why did Urbanization happen ?

3. ATTRACTIONS (more people want to live in cities)

a. New JOBS are available = in factories, stores, offices, etc.

b. Cheap housing

ROW Houses = like MOTELS, in long rows each sharing walls with others

3. Attractions

b. CHEAP HOUSING

Tenements = large apartment buildings, multiple STORIES in cities

(Problem = some of these buildings are overcrowded, unsanitary, unsafe)

II. Other Attractions – Benefits of Urban LifeBy 1900 4 out of 10 Americans live in

citiesA. MASS TRANSPORT = Electric STREETCARS and

railroad transport SUBURBS and

COMMUTING because this kind of transportation is CHEAP & CONVENIENT .

II. Other Attractions – Benefits of Urban LifeB. FUN !City leaders who PLAN their

cities include

business and…

PARKS & RECREATION sectors

See Section 292-296—answer in notes

B. FUN!!

• In the city people can find other ACTIVITIES which are not available in rural areas—Like…………..(see above in notes)

C. EDUCATION

• Industrialization requires workers who are LITERATE and have more JOB SKILLS.

• -- Big Businessmen want EDUCATED workers !

C. Education

• So, a high school education is necessary for ECONOMIC reasons

• – FREE, PUBLIC education helps America JUMP AHEAD of other industrial countries !

• By 1900, 15.5 million students are attending school. (up to 14 years old)

See pg. 283