The Periodic Table

Describe the Periodic Table

OThe periodic table is a chemistry reference  

OIt arranges all the known elements in an informative grid 

Describe the Periodic Table

OElements are arranged left to right and top to bottom in order of increasing atomic number

OThis order usually coincides with increasing atomic mass

MENDELEEV PERIODIC TABLE

SYMBOLS

SYMBOL

IT IS THE SHORTEST WAY OF REPRESENTING THE ELEMENTS IN THE

PERIODIC TABLE

FIRST LETTER

ELEMENT SYMBOL

CarbonSulfur

HydrogenOxygenNitrogenFluorineBoronIodine

CSHONFBI

FIRST AND SECOND LETTER

ELEMENT SYMBOLLithiumHelium

Beryllium AluminumBromineCalciumNeon Argon

LiHeBeAlBrCa NeAr

FIRST AND THIRD LETTER

ELEMENT SYMBOLChlorine

MagnesiumManganeseAstatine Rubidium

ZincChromium Strontium

ClMgMnAtRbZnCrSr

FIRST AND FOURTH LETTER

ELEMENT SYMBOLCaesiumPlatinumThallium

Promethium Neodymium

TerbiumBerkelium

Einsteinium

CsPtTl

PmNdTbBkEs

FROM ITS ‛LATIN’ NAME

ELEMENTS LATIN NAME SYMBOL

SodiumPotassium

IronCopperSilver

TinAntimony

LeadMercury

GoldTungsten

NatriumKaliumFerrumCuprum

ArgentumStannumStibium

PlumbumHydragyrum

AurumWolfram

NaKFeCuAgSnSbPbHgAuW

Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each:A. Calcium

1) C 2) Ca 3) Cu

B. Sulfur

1) S 2) Sl 3) SiC. Iron

1) Ir 2) In 3) Fe

D. Magnesium

1) Mn 2) Ma 3) Mg

Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each:Select the correct name for each:A. N

1) Neon 2) Nitrogen 3) Nickel

B. P1) Potassium 2) Pollonium 3)

PhosphorusC. Al

1) Astatine 2) Argon 3) Aluminum

D. C 1)Carbon 2) Cobalt 3) Copper

1 TO 20

ELEMENTS

HYDROGENTO

CALCIUM

HYDROGENAt: No: 1Mass No:1Lightest gasUsed as a fuel

HELIUMAt: No: 2Mass No:4Lightest inert gasUsed to fill balloons

LITHIUMAt: No: 3Mass No:7Alkali metalLow density

BERYLLIUMAt: No: 4Mass No:9Alkaline Earth Metal

BORONAt: No: 5Mass No:11Non - metal

CARBONAt: No: 6Mass No:12Non-metal

NITROGENAt: No: 7Mass No:14Non-metal

OXYGENAt: No: 8Mass No:16Respiration

FLUORINEAt: No: 9Mass No:19Reactive non-metal

NEONAt: No: 10Mass No:20Inert gas

SODIUMAt: No: 11Mass No:23Alkali metal

MAGNESIUMAt: No: 12Mass No:24Alkaline Earth metal

ALUMINIUMAt: No: 13Mass No:27Metal

SILICONAt: No: 14Mass No:28Non - metal

PHOSPHOROUS

At: No: 15Mass No:31Non - metal

SULFURAt: No: 16Mass No: 32Non -metal

CHLORINEAt: No: 17Mass No: 35.5Greenish – yellow gas

ARGONAt: No: 18Mass No: 18Used to fill light bulbs

POTASSIUMAt: No: 19Mass No: 39Alkali metals

CALCIUMAt: No: 20Mass No: 40Alkaline Earth metals

The Periodic Table of the elements is a useful way of classifying the elements. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a group.The elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar chemical properties.The noble gases are a group of veryunreactive elements.

GROUPS

VERTICAL COLUMNS

ARE CALLED GROUPS

THERE ARE 8

GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC

TABLE

Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties.

They have the same number of valence electrons.

They will form the same kinds of ions.

1 st GROUPALKALI

METALS

2 nd GROUPALKALINE

EARTH METALS

3rdGROUPBORON FAMILY

4th GROUPCARBONFAMILY

5th GROUPNITROGEN

FAMILY

6th GROUPOXYGENFAMILY

7 th GROUPHALOGENS

8th GROUPNOBLE GASES OR INERT GASES OR

ZERO GROUPELEMENTS

d-BLOCK ELEMENTS

TRANSITION METALS

RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTSLANTHANIDE

S

RADIOACTIVE

ELEMENTSACTINIDES

PERIODS

HORIZONTAL ROWS

ARE CALLED PERIODS

THERE ARE 7

PERIODS

PERIODS SHOW THE NUMBER OF SHELLS IN AN ATOM

1 st PERIOD IS THE

SHORTEST PERIOD WITH 2 ELEMENTS

2nd AND 3rd PERIOD ARE THE SHORT

PERIODS WITH 8 ELEMENTS

4th AND 5th PERIOD ARE THE LONG

PERIODS WITH 18 ELEMENTS

6tH PERIOD IS THE LONGEST PERIOD WITH 32 ELEMENTS

7tH PERIOD IS THE

LONGEST INCOMPLETE

PERIOD

PERIODIC TABLE

GROUP – I ELEMENTSOLITHIUM

OSODIUM OPOTASSIUMORUBIDIUMOCESIUMOFRANCIUM

GROUP I ELEMENTS

O THEY ARE CALLED AS ALKALI METALSO THEY ARE SOFT AND CAN BE CUT WITH

KNIFEO THEY ARE HIGHLY REACTIVE METALSO THEY ARE STORED UNDER OILO THEY HAVE HIGH M.PT AND B.PTO THEY HAVE LOW DENSITYO THEY ARE GOOD CONDUCTORSO THAY ARE STRONG REDUCING AGENTS

THEY ARE STORED UNDER OIL

THEY REACT WITH WATER TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN

GAS AND AN ALKALI

THEY ARE SOFT AND CAN BE CUT WITH A

KNIFE

LITHIUM

SODIUM

POTASSIUM

KK

RUBIDIUMO Rb

CESIUMO Cs

GROUP – VII ELEMENTS

OFLUORINEOCHLORINEOBROMINEOIODINEOASTATINE

HalogensO Definition- nonmetallic elements in group 17, that have 7 electrons in the outer most energy level and combines with many metals to form salts- term comes from Greek means “salt former”

Salt: a compound composed of positive and negative ions arranged in a regular 3D pattern

- most reactive group of nonmetals- varying physical properties, similar chemical properties

GROUP – VII ELEMENTS

O THEY ARE VERY REACTIVE NON-METALSO THEY ARE STRONG OXIDISING AGENTSO THEY ARE POOR CONDUCTORSO THEIR M.PT & B.PT INCREASES DOWN THE GPO THEIR DENSITY INCREASES DOWN THE GROUPO THEIR COLOUR INCREASES DOWN THE GPO THEIR REACTIVITY DECREASES DOWN THE GP

FLUORINE IS A PALE YELLOW GAS.

IT IS THE MOST REACTIVE NON- METAL

CHLORINE IS A GREENISH - YELLOW

GAS

BROMINE IS A REDDISH – BROWN

LIQUID

IODINE IS A PURPLE SOLID

ASTATINE IS A BLACK SOLID

DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS

DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS

TEST FOR HALOGENS

COLOUR OF THE PPT

GROUP – VIII ELEMENTS

O THEY ARE CALLED AS ZERO GROUP ELEMENTS

O THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS NOBLE OR INERT GASES

O THEY ARE COLOURLESS GASES AT R.T.PO THEIR OUTEROST SHELL IS

COMPLETELY FILLEDO THEY ARE NON-FLAMMABLEO THEY

Noble GasO Definition

- elements in group 18 that are characterized by low reactivity- term comes from noble people, did not associate with anyone other then their kind- characterized by an octet of electrons in the outermost energy level; (happy)

- exception of helium- very stable, (unreactive)- colorless, odorless- practical applications: balloons, illumination

INERT GASES

OHELIUMONEONOARGONOKRYPTONOXENONORADON

HELIUM

NEON

ARGON

KRYPTON

XENON

TRANSITION METALSO THEY ARE LOW REACTIVE METALSO THEY ARE HARD , ROUGH AND STRONGO THEY ARE USED TO MAKE ALLOYSO THEY FORM COLOUED COMPOUNDSO THEY ACT AS A CATALYSTO THEY HAVE DIFFERENT OXIDATION

STATEO THEY HAVE HIGH DENSITY, M.PT & B.PT

COPPER

SILVER

GOLD

MERCURY

IRON

PLATINUM

TUNGSTEN

CATALYSTOIT IS THE SUBATANCE THAT INCREASES THE SPEED OF THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT ITSELF UNDER-GOING ANY CHEMICAL CHANGE

IRONO IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING

OF AMMONIA BY HABER PROCESS

VANADIUM (V) OXIDEO IT IS USED IN THE MANUFACTURING

OF SULPHURIC ACID IN CONTACT PROCESS

TITANIUM CHLORIDEO IT IS USED IN POLYMERISATION

REACTIONS

MANGANESE(IV)OXIDE

O IT IS USED IN THE DECOMPOSITION HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

NICKELO IT IS USED IN THE HYDROGENATION

REACTIONS,IE IN THE PREPARATION OF MARGARINE

COLOURED COMPOUNDS

COPPER SALTS