Unit 12 Unit 12 The Message The Message

Behind the SmileBehind the Smile

Useful expression to learn in speaking Useful expression to learn in speaking activitiesactivities

1.1. It’s awfully stuffy hereIt’s awfully stuffy here

2.2. Ring up for helpRing up for help

3.3. Could you possibly ask her to bring along……Could you possibly ask her to bring along……

4.4. I would like to extend my warm welcome to…I would like to extend my warm welcome to…

5.5. Like I said, nothing is more important than …Like I said, nothing is more important than …

6.6. This is why I’m here to see you.This is why I’m here to see you.

The The Warming-up questions:Warming-up questions:

• 1. How do you feel when somebody smiles 1. How do you feel when somebody smiles at you?at you?

• 2. How can smile help you?2. How can smile help you?

Explain the meanings of the following Explain the meanings of the following smiles in English:smiles in English:

attractive smile attractive smile 漂亮的笑漂亮的笑instinctive smile instinctive smile 直率的笑直率的笑artificial smile artificial smile 虚假的笑虚假的笑pleasurable smile pleasurable smile 令人高兴的笑令人高兴的笑genuine smile genuine smile 真诚的笑真诚的笑forced smile forced smile 强作的笑强作的笑incomprehensible smile incomprehensible smile 难以琢磨的笑难以琢磨的笑wry smile wry smile 面部扭曲的微笑面部扭曲的微笑 ; ; 苦笑苦笑

Key Points in the Text: Key Points in the Text: 1.fake 1.fake A A fakefake (adj.) fur or a (adj.) fur or a fakefake painting, for painting, for

example, is a fur or painting that has example, is a fur or painting that has been made to look valuable or genuine, been made to look valuable or genuine, usually in order to deceive people.usually in order to deceive people.

e.g. e.g. The bank manager is said to have issued fake certificates.

A A fake (n.)fake (n.) is something that is fake. is something that is fake.

e.g. e.g. It is filled with famous works of art, and every one of them is a fake.

fake v.fake v.

If someone If someone fakesfakes something, they try to something, they try to make it look valuable or genuine, although make it look valuable or genuine, although in fact it is not.in fact it is not.

e.g. He faked his own death last year to collect on a $1 million insurance policy. If you fake a feeling, emotion, or reaction, you pretend that you are experiencing it when you are not.

e.g. Maturity and emotional sophistication can't be fakede.g. Maturity and emotional sophistication can't be faked ..

2. pick up

To learn interesting or useful information To learn interesting or useful information from someone or something.from someone or something.

e.g. e.g. The nurse had picked up the information from The nurse had picked up the information from a conversation she overheard.a conversation she overheard.

To learn a new skill or language by To learn a new skill or language by practicing it rather than being taught it.practicing it rather than being taught it.

e.g. When you live in a country, you soon pick up the e.g. When you live in a country, you soon pick up the language.language.

TranslationTranslation

• Child psychologists report that babies start smiling Child psychologists report that babies start smiling so early in life often as early as three weeks that so early in life often as early as three weeks that this action is unlikely to have been picked up from this action is unlikely to have been picked up from parents.parents.

• 儿童心理学家研究发现，婴儿很早就开始微笑儿童心理学家研究发现，婴儿很早就开始微笑了（通常可早到出生后了（通常可早到出生后 33 个星期时），可见这个星期时），可见这种行为不可能是从父母那儿学来的。种行为不可能是从父母那儿学来的。

3.3.functionfunction v. v.If a machine or system is functioning, it is If a machine or system is functioning, it is

working or operating.working or operating.e.g. . The authorities say the prison is now

functioning normally...I’m so tired today that I can barely function.If someone or something If someone or something functions as a a

particular thing, they do the work or fulfil particular thing, they do the work or fulfil the purpose of that thing.the purpose of that thing.

e.g. On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace.

4. 4. mechanismmechanismIn a machine or piece of equipment, a mechanism In a machine or piece of equipment, a mechanism

is a part, often consisting of a set of smaller is a part, often consisting of a set of smaller parts, which performs a particular function.parts, which performs a particular function.

e.g.e.g. A bomb has been detonated by a special mechanism.A bomb has been detonated by a special mechanism.A mechanism is a special way of getting A mechanism is a special way of getting

something done within a particular system.something done within a particular system.e.g. There's no mechanism for punishing arms exporters who e.g. There's no mechanism for punishing arms exporters who

break the rules.break the rules.AA mechanism is a part of your behaviour that is mechanism is a part of your behaviour that is

automatic and that helps you to survive or to automatic and that helps you to survive or to cope with a difficult situation.cope with a difficult situation.

e.g. ...a survival mechanism, a means of coping with e.g. ...a survival mechanism, a means of coping with intolerable stress.intolerable stress.

TranslationTranslation

• Apparently the act of wrinkling up the mouth Apparently the act of wrinkling up the mouth functions as a vital survival mechanism: by making functions as a vital survival mechanism: by making the baby appear attractive, a smile reduces the the baby appear attractive, a smile reduces the chance that it will be abandoned by the mother.chance that it will be abandoned by the mother.

• 很显然，撅起小嘴巴微笑起到了存活机制的作很显然，撅起小嘴巴微笑起到了存活机制的作用：微笑使婴儿显得招人喜欢，也减少了它被用：微笑使婴儿显得招人喜欢，也减少了它被母亲抛弃的可能性。母亲抛弃的可能性。

5.instinct5.instinct

the natural tendency that a person or animal has to behave or react in a particular way.

e.g. e.g. I didn't have as strong a maternal instinct as some other mothers...

He always knew what time it was, as if by instinct.

have an instinct for something =be naturally good at it or able to do it.

e.g. e.g. Farmers are increasingly losing touch with their instinct for managing the land... = aptitude

a feeling that you have that something is the case, a feeling that you have that something is the case, rather than an opinion or idea based on facts. = rather than an opinion or idea based on facts. = intuitionintuition

e.g. He seems so honest and genuine and my every instinct says he's not.

instinctive adj.instinctive adj.

An instinctive feeling, idea, or action is one that you have or do without thinking or reasoning.

e.g. It's an absolutely instinctive reaction–if a child falls you pick it up... = natural

in|stinc|tive|lyin|stinc|tive|ly adv. adv.

e.g. Jane instinctively knew all was not well with her e.g. Jane instinctively knew all was not well with her 10-month old son.10-month old son.

6. Shape v.6. Shape v.

• to decide or influence the form of to decide or influence the form of something, esp. a belief or idea, or something, esp. a belief or idea, or someone’s charactersomeone’s character

e.g. e.g.

Many people are not able to shape their own destinies.Many people are not able to shape their own destinies.

My relationship with my father played a major part in My relationship with my father played a major part in shaping my attitude toward men.shaping my attitude toward men.

7. artificial adj.Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur

naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.

e.g. ...a wholefood diet free from artificial additives, colours and e.g. ...a wholefood diet free from artificial additives, colours and flavours...flavours... = synthetic ≠ natural= synthetic ≠ natural

The city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial...

If you describe someone or their behaviour as artificial, you disapprove of them because they pretend to have attitudes and feelings which they do not really have.

e.g. The voice was patronizing and affected, the accent artificial.

TranslationTranslation

• Conversational signals become habitual and just as Conversational signals become habitual and just as automatic as emotional expressions. It is very difficult automatic as emotional expressions. It is very difficult for adults not to smile and nod their heads when for adults not to smile and nod their heads when listening to someone’s conversation.listening to someone’s conversation.

• 会话信号已成为一种习惯，就像人们的情绪表露一会话信号已成为一种习惯，就像人们的情绪表露一样，会自动发生。在聆听他人说话时，成年人总是样，会自动发生。在聆听他人说话时，成年人总是颔首和微笑，不这样做都很难。颔首和微笑，不这样做都很难。

8. wry adj.8. wry adj.

If someone has a If someone has a wrywry expression, it shows expression, it shows that they find a bad situation or a change that they find a bad situation or a change in a situation slightly amusing.in a situation slightly amusing.

e.g. Matthew allowed himself a wry smile...

A A wrywry remark or piece of writing refers to a remark or piece of writing refers to a bad situation or a change in a situation in bad situation or a change in a situation in an amusing way.an amusing way.

e.g. There is a wry sense of humour in his work.

9. disgust9. disgust

n.n. a feeling of very strong dislike or disapproval a feeling of very strong dislike or disapproval

e.g. He spoke of his disgust at the incident…

= revulsion

v. to feel a strong sense of dislike and v. to feel a strong sense of dislike and disapprovaldisapproval

e.g. He disgusted many with his boorish behaviour.

disgusted a.

e.g. I'm disgusted with the way that he was treated...

disgusting a.a. e.g. e.g. Smoking is a disgusting habit.

10. end up10. end up If someone or something ends up somewhere, they

eventually arrive there, usually by accident.e.g. She fled with her children, moving from neighbour to neighbour e.g. She fled with her children, moving from neighbour to neighbour

and ending up in a friend's cellar.=and ending up in a friend's cellar.= finish up, wind up finish up, wind up

If you end up doing something or end up in a particular state, you do that thing or get into that state even though you did not originally intend to.

e.g. If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting e.g. If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want...something you don't want...

Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood...Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood... She could have ended up a millionairess.She could have ended up a millionairess.

11. sociable11. sociable

SociableSociable people are friendly and enjoy people are friendly and enjoy talking to other people.talking to other people.

e.g. She was, and remained, extremely sociable, enjoying dancing, golf, tennis, skating and bicycling...

socialize v. to meet other people sociallyto meet other people sociallye.g. It distressed her that she and Charles no longer

socialized with old friends.

12. feminine12. feminine Feminine qualities and things relate to or are

considered typical of women, in contrast to men. = female

e.g. ...male leaders worrying about their women abandoning traditional feminine roles.

Someone or something that is feminine has qualities

that are considered typical of women, especially being pretty or gentle.

e.g. I've always been attracted to very feminine, delicate women... The bedroom has a light, feminine look.feminism n. 女性主义 feminist n. 女性主义者male chauvinist n. 男性沙文主义者，大男子主义者<ANT> masculine adj. 男性的，阳刚的

13. stony adj.13. stony adj.

Stony ground is rough and contains a lot of stones.

e.g. The steep, stony ground is well drained.

A stony expression or attitude does not show any sympathy or friendliness.

e.g. He drove us home in stony silence.

a stony heart

Most of her comments were met with a stony silence.

14. outcast14. outcast

An outcast is someone who is not accepted by a group of people or by society.

e.g. He had always been an outcast, unwanted and alone...

She has spent her life trying to help gypsies, beggars and other social outcasts.

TranslationTranslation

• This is why some children who fail to learn to This is why some children who fail to learn to smile properly and appropriately often find smile properly and appropriately often find themselves outcasts on the playground.themselves outcasts on the playground.

• 这也正是一些不懂微笑的孩子经常被同伴们冷这也正是一些不懂微笑的孩子经常被同伴们冷落在操场一边的原因。落在操场一边的原因。

DictationDictation

Smiling is one of the basic human emotional expressions. People smile to look happy and attractive, to please others, or to conceal negative emotions. Teachers may smile to encourage their students while they are trying to work out difficult problems. Smiling also has a function

in social communication. Typically people in social communication. Typically people are expected to smile during a friendly are expected to smile during a friendly conversation. Finally, people of different conversation. Finally, people of different sexes, ages and cultures smile in different sexes, ages and cultures smile in different way with different meanings.way with different meanings.

Keys to translationKeys to translation

1. Because of the bad weather we are unlikely to 1. Because of the bad weather we are unlikely to arrive at our destination before dark.arrive at our destination before dark.

2. I find it difficult to speak fluent English.2. I find it difficult to speak fluent English.

3. On birthdays children expect their parents to buy 3. On birthdays children expect their parents to buy some presents for them.some presents for them.

4. To write a paper is quite time-consuming. It 4. To write a paper is quite time-consuming. It involves looking for materials, making an outline, involves looking for materials, making an outline, writing, and rewriting.writing, and rewriting.

5. If you don’t work hard now, you may end 5. If you don’t work hard now, you may end up nowhere in future.up nowhere in future.

6. In the class al the students concentrated on 6. In the class al the students concentrated on the teacher’s lecture.the teacher’s lecture.

7. I’m very disappointed that he failed to win 7. I’m very disappointed that he failed to win the game.the game.

Supplementary Exercise:Supplementary Exercise:

1. Give the adjective form of the following words:1. Give the adjective form of the following words:

appear psychology action wrinkleappear psychology action wrinkle

function attract instinct societyfunction attract instinct society

situation pleasure please habitsituation pleasure please habit

conversation automation produceconversation automation produce

emotion express universe system comprehend emotion express universe system comprehend face disgust drama face disgust drama

stone skillstone skill problem problem

2. Give the noun form of the given words:2. Give the noun form of the given words:

unlikely survive reduce abandon unlikely survive reduce abandon

instinct behave artificial recognizeinstinct behave artificial recognize

comprehend appear tense femininecomprehend appear tense feminine

warm deep pure refusewarm deep pure refuse

3. Give the antonym of the following words:

fake active likely function

functional proper appropriate

please comprehensible negative

comfortable sociable feminine

popular

Thank youThank you ！！