unit 1 trimester 1112-2 (2) (1)
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Unit 1: How to Agree and Disagree
Competence Topic Vocabulary Content
How to Agree andDisagree
Conspiracy Theories:What if they wereTrue?
Greatest ConspiracyTheories in History
Mainstream media,far fetched, bizarre,to be biased, hoax,conspiracy theory, tofoster, allegedly, todeceive, to threaten,to orchestrate, totamper, footage,crosshairs, toempower, skeptics, toturn a blind eye, tolaunch, means, toclaim, rogue,widespread, to coverup, flaw, sightings,tabloids, plot, pursue,plagiarism.
To agree anddisagree.
Main and supportingideas.
Sources:http://thebizzare.com/cool/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history/http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/news/Conspiracy%20Theories.pdfhttp://platum2.unimet.edu.ve/platumhttp://www.englishpage.comhttp://www.esl-classroom.comhttp://wtf.thebizzare.com/bizarre/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history/
http://thebizzare.com/cool/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-historyFocus on Grammar. High Intermediate. New York: Longman.
http://thebizzare.com/cool/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history/http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/news/Conspiracy%20Theories.pdfhttp://platum2.unimet.edu.ve/platumhttp://www.englishpage.com/http://www.esl-classroom.com/http://wtf.thebizzare.com/bizarre/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history/http://thebizzare.com/cool/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-historyhttp://thebizzare.com/cool/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history/http://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/news/Conspiracy%20Theories.pdfhttp://platum2.unimet.edu.ve/platumhttp://www.englishpage.com/http://www.esl-classroom.com/http://wtf.thebizzare.com/bizarre/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history/http://thebizzare.com/cool/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history -
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Unit I How to Agree and DisagreeReading 1: Conspiracy Theories and Hoaxes
Reading 1:
Conspiracy Theories and HoaxesBy Alicia Arriz
November, 2007
Can you be easily deceived? Currently, the whole world seems rife with conspiracy theories. The idea
that the world population is manipulated by a powerful group of elitists may not be farfetched. The terms
Conspiracy theory and hoaxseem to refer to big lies, to diversions of the truth. A conspiracy is a secret
plot to carry out some deed against a rival by a few insiders. Unless someone from the inside leaks the plans
or the plot is somehow discovered, by definition, conspiracies are not known until after the fact. Hence, they
are vulnerable as soon as they are exposed.
A conspiracy theory is a perception of a possible conspiracy. It may be either true or false. A conspirac
theory remains a theory until it is exposed and proven factual. A hoax, on the other hand, is just an attempt to
trick an audience into believing that something false is real. It has been claimed that major events in history
have been orchestrated by conspirators who manipulate political happenings from behind the scenes. Some
examples of these beliefs are: that AIDS was created to rid the world of the Black race; the recent tsunami in
Vocabulary before the reading.
To deceive: implies imposing a false idea or belief that causes
ignorance, bewilderment, or helplessness
Mainstream media: a prevailing current or direction of activity
or influence as the Media
Far-fetched: unlikely to be true, highly improbable, very
difficult to believe.
Bizarre: strikingly out of the ordinary, odd, extravagant, or
eccentric, involving sensational contrasts or incongruities.
To be biased: prejudiced, favoring one person or side over
another.
A. Fill in the blanks with a word from the box.
1. He tried ____________________ me about the cost of the car, but I did not believe him.
2. Some people defend conspiracy theories no matter what. They ____________________.
3. No way! That Osama bin Ladem is working in a Midwest Mc Donalds is too _______________
4. According to ___________________, the country is characterized by ongoing conflicts and co
aggression.
5. TheAnti-eating Face Mask, a new and novel device for preventing the consumption of food by
individual, is a ____________________ invention!
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Asia was caused by Israel and the U.S. setting off a nuclear bomb on the ocean floor; the Iraq War was
concocted at the presidents Crawford Ranch to help his oil buddies; the U.S. government is tampering the
weather by shifting the jet streams in Alaska with secret giant jet fans. These theories are not just being
fostered by the unwashed masses, but often by well-placed, highly-educated men and women.
A common example of a popular conspiracy theory is the Moon Landing. 40 years after the first moon
landing, we still hear that putting a man on the moon in 1969 has been the greatest hoax everorchestrated by
the American Government in order to win the space war against the Soviet Union. In other words, the entire
human landing program was carefully faked from start to finish. Although NASA has debunked each one of the
arguments that support this bizarre allegation, there are still web pages and documentaries loaded with
interesting pieces of evidence that uphold the moon hoax theory.
We have also heard Thierry Meyssan, author of the The Big Lie, who challenges the official version o
the September 11th terrorist attacks to the United States. Meyssans claims are developed in the TV program
The FifthEstate: Conspiracy Theories broadcast by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in 2004
According to Meyssan, the American Airlines Flight 77 did not hit the U.S. Pentagon in Washington proved by
the fact that the size of the hole left in the Pentagon was too small for that plane. Instead, he concludes tha
the impact was caused by something much smaller that was fired by the American government itselfFurthermore, the attacks on the World Trade Center are thought to have been controlled by radio beacons
from the ground. Behind this September 11th hoax, would be George W. Bush who is blamed to have been
moved by the desire to find a reason to put a hand on the Middle East oil
(http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/conspiracytheories/index.html).
More recently, it is said that the swine flu was created in the laboratory by the same producers of the
antiviral medication to treat it, Tamiflu. American politicians as Ronald Rumfield have been linked to the
pharmaceutical company that owns the patent of the medication and have been accused of capitalizing on a
virus that just isn't that much of a threat.
According to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), conspiracy theories involve wild allegationsdepend on questionable characters and seem like a waste of time. But the CBC also admits that many o
these theories are based, at least in part, on legitimate questions. Moreover, forThe New York Times
columnist Paul Krugman, bizarre conspiracy theories have played a disturbingly large role in the curren
American political discourse. Why the increase in conspiracy theories? One writer remarked that conspiracies
are the new opiate of the masses (Mary Jacobs, writer for the Dallas Morning News). There are many reasons
why multitudes resort to conspiracy theory:
1. The Internet. There are literally hundreds of sites given wholly to explaining world events by a powerfu
conspiracy (or conspiracies).
2. End times Speculation. Some Christians from the Protestant Millennial tradition see history windingdown and the emergence of a one-world government combined with a one-world religion ultimately
ruled by The Antichrist, and thus make predicting events based on their conspiracy theories the foca
point of their ministries.
3. The Complexity of the Times. Epidemics, weather events, wars, catastrophes, politica
assassinations, and terrorism are seen nightly on TV. When people live in constant fear, conspiracy
theories seem to make the complex and seemingly unexplainable world events more manageable.
4. The Distrust of Modern Government. As the government grows larger and intrudes into every area o
our lives, its easy to attribute this growth and increase in power to conspiracy.
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5. Hollywood Movies and Contemporary Fiction. Some recent movies that contribute to endless
speculations about conspiracies are: JFK, Conspiracy, Fahrenheit 911, The Skulls, and The Firm, and
The Matrix. The recent best-selling novel, The DaVinci Code by Dan Brown, and his forth-coming book
on Masonry are according to his claim, based on the truth.
But, why are we so sceptical about them? We may be trained to believe only what mainstream media
says and fanatically close our eyes to other alternatives. That we call them conspiracy theories, however
points to the fact that we are probably biased.
READING ACTIVITY
1. What is the main idea or thesis statement in Conspiracy Theories and Hoaxes?
______________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. What conspiracy theories are mentioned in the article?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Find out what the Bilderberg Group is, its members and where they have met in the last 3 years.
Suggested sites: Secret Societies: The Bilderberg Group http: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=eDUMEEl_ajM&feature=related p:
Secret Bilderberg Agenda 2008: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S12iLi_teXk&feature=related Bilderberg Conspiracy Theories Continue to Haunt Obama:
http://streetknowledge.wordpress.com/2009/03/21/bilderberg-conspiracy-theories-continue-to-haunt-obama/
'9/11 Conspiracy Theories Ridiculous' - Al Qaeda: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_OIXfkXEj0
Bilderberg Group:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Chronology1700s-1850sEuropean-inspired conspiracytheories evolve into Americanstyle conspiracism.1776Bavarian law professor founds
Illuminism movement, a secretsociety devoted to creating a worldruled by reason instead of clerics.1798Anti-Illuminati propagandareaches U.S., sparking fear thatThomas Jefferson seeks to destroyreligion.1830sAnti-Catholic conspiracy theoryflourishes.1840s-1850sSlave Power conspiracists see afederal takeover by slaveholdinginterests.1940s-1950sWorld War II and Cold Warprompt fear of takeover of U.S.1944Chicago Tribune alleges PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt provoked1941 Pearl Harbor attack.1945-46Congressional hearings concludeRoosevelt didnt purposely promptPearl Harbor attack.1951Sen. Joseph McCarthy, R Wis.,falsely accuses secretaries of stateand defense of being Sovietagents.1958John Birch Society founded topromote theory that Illuminaticonspirators have penetratedgovernment.
1960s-1970sKennedy assassination opensera of disbelief in governmentexplanations.1962
Joint Chiefs of Staff chairmansecretly proposes faked Cubanattacks to create pretext for U.S.military intervention in Cuba.1963Assassination of President John F.Kennedy provokes conspiracytheories still in circulation today.1972Revelations that governmentdoctors injected black farmers withsyphilis the TuskegeeExperiment fuel later suspicionthat government invented AIDS.1975Church Committee producesevidence of secret drug tests onU.S. citizens.1980s-1990sConspiracy theories based onactual and imaginedgovernment misdeeds build afollowing.1982CIA ignores reports thatNicaraguan guerrillas are traffickingdrugs sparking conspiracytheory on the origin of crackcocaine epidemic.1986Iran-Contra scandal revealssecret U.S. plan to sell arms to Iran.1987Soviet-bloc scientists spread rumorthat U.S. military created AIDS.1991Televangelist Pat Robertson warns
of global takeover plot.1993
Suicide of White House aideVincent Foster prompts theoriesthat President Bill Clinton and/or hwife, Hillary, had Foster killed. . . .Branch Davidian confrontation neaWaco, Texas, spurs growth of
conspiracist- influenced militiamovement.1997Militia movement leader LindaThompson calls black helicopters a frequent element of conspiractheories part of a CIA-sponsoregovernment takeover plot.2000sSept. 11 attacks involvePresident George W.Bush in conspiracy theories;later theories target PresidentBarack Obama.2004Truther conspiracy theoristsdemand investigation ofgovernments deliberate failure tprevent 9/11 attacks.2005Popular Mechanics debunksconspiracy theories of the attacks2007Poll shows 22 percent ofrespondents believe Bush knewabout attack.2008Presidential campaign spurstheories that Obama is Muslim. . . Rev. Jeremiah Wright, Obamasformer minister, endorsesconspiracy theory on AIDS origin.2009Birther activists take theirarguments to federal court. . .Obama appointee Van Jonesresigns after disclosure he signed
truther petition. . . . Conspiracistshelp spur resistance to flu shots.
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Reading 2:
Greatest Conspiracy Theories in History
Why do people believe in conspiracy theories? That, of course is a loaded question. We could havasked why some people refuse to believe any conspiracy theories.
Recent research suggests that whether you believe in conspiracy theories or not has much more to dwith who you are more than the objective facts. For instance, the richer you are and the whiter you are in thUSA the less likely you are to believe in a conspiracy theory. Conversely, poor people especially if they arHispanic Americans and African Americans tend to believe. In other words those who are empowered (ricand white folk) like to believe that the powerful act openly and fairly, those who are powerless believe thapower is used covertly and unfairly. Of course, the figures vary from conspiracy to conspiracy. 20% of AfricaAmericans believe that the US Administration created AIDS to limit the population growth of the black minorit
Virtually, no white people believe this. On the other hand, in one poll 90% of US citizens - i.e. the majority owhites, blacks and Hispanics believed that JFK had been killed in a conspiracy.
Conspiracy theories are also generational. Americans aged over 36 believe most strongly in the JFconspiracy, while the 20 -35 age bracket contains most of those Americans who believe in a 9/11 conspiracPresumably most of the ten million downloads ofLoose Change, an Internet expos documentary about 9/1were made by these young Americans.
Below you will find some of the most believed conspiracy theories in the US and worldwide:
Global warming is a hoax
Some climate change doubters believe that man-made global warming is a conspiracy designed to soften uthe worlds population into allowing highertaxation, controls on lifestyle and a more authoritarian governmenThese skeptics cite a fall in global temperatures since last year and a leveling off in the rise in temperatusince 1998 as evidence.
The Aids virus was created in a laboratory
Based on the theories of Dr. William Campbell Douglass, many believe that HIV was genetically engineered 1974 by the World Health Organization. Dr. Douglass believed that it was a cold-blooded attempt to create killer virus which was then used in a successful experiment in Africa. Others have claimed that it was createb th CIA th KGB t d ld l ti
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Pan Am Flight 103
Pan Am Flight 103 was Pan Americans third daily scheduled transatlantic flight from Heathrow to New YorJohn F. Kennedy International Airport. On December 21, 1988, the aircraft flying this route a Boeing 747was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 259 people on board and 11 people on the ground. The remains landearound Lockerbie in southern Scotland. A popular theory for which no evidence has been produced suggestthat the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had set up a protected drug route from Europe to the UniteStates allegedly called Operation Korea which allowed Syrian drug dealers to ship heroin to the US usinPan Am flights. The CIA allegedly protected the suitcases containing the drugs and made sure they were no
searched. On the day of the bombing, terrorists exchanged suitcases: one with drugs for one with a bombAnother version of this theory is that the CIA knew in advance this exchange would take place, but let happen anyway, because the protected drug route was a rogue operation, and the American intelligencofficers on the flight had found out about it, and were on their way to Washington to tell their superiors.
Pearl Harbor was allowed to happen
Theorists believe that President Franklin Roosevelt provoked the Japanese attack on the US naval base Hawaii in December 1942, knew about it in advance and covered up his failure to warn his fleet commanderHe apparently needed the attack to provoke Hitler into declaring war on the US because the American publand Congress were overwhelmingly against entering the war in Europe. Theorists believe that the US wawarned by the governments of Britain, the Netherlands, Australia, Peru, Korea and the Soviet Union thatsurprise attack on Pearl Harbor was coming and that; furthermore, the Americans had intercepted and brokeall the important Japanese codes in the run up to the attack.
Elvis Presley faked his own death
A persistent belief is that the King did not die in 1977. Many fans persist in claiming he is still alive, that hwent into hiding for various reasons. This claim is allegedly backed up by thousands of so-called sightingThe main reason given in support of the belief that Presley faked his death is that, on his grave, his middname Aron is spelt as Aaron But Aaron is actually the genuine middle name for Presley Apparently eith
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Jesse Garon Presley. Two tabloid newspapers ran articles covering the continuing life of Presley after hdeath, in great detail, including a broken leg from a motorcycle accident, all the way up to his purportedredeath in the mid 1990s.
Diana, Princess of Wales, was murdered
Despite an official inquiry that found no evidence of a plot by MI6 or any other entity to murder the princesand Dodi Fayed in 1997, feveredspeculation continues. The theory is that rogue elements in the British secrservice decided that Dianas relationship with Fayed was a threat to the monarchy and, therefore, to thBritish state. A plot was hatched in which a white Fiat Uno carrying agents was sent to blind and disorientatdriver Henri Paul as he sped through the Paris underpass pursued by photographers. Later, Pauls blood wa
switched with a sample of somebody who had drunk a lot of alcohol. The trouble with the theory? Not a shreof evidence exists to support it.
The Jesus conspiracy
This theory launched a blockbusting novel (The Da Vinci Code), a film of the same name and a plagiarisbattle in the courts. Those who believe in this and they seem to number in their millions think that Jesumarried Mary Magdalene, had one or more children, and that those children or their descendants emigrated southern France. Once there, they intermarried with the noble families that would eventually become thMerovingian dynasty, whose special claim to the throne of France is championed today by a secret sociecalled the Priory of Sion.
Nasa faked the moon landings
People who think that the Apollo moon landings were not all that they seemed at the time believe that Nasfaked some or all of the landings. Some of the theories surrounding this subject are that the Apollo astronaudid not land on the Moon; Nasa and possibly others intentionally deceived the public into believing th
landings did occur by manufacturing, destroying, or tampering with evidence, including photos, telemettapes, transmissions, and rock samples; and that Nasa and possibly others continue to actively participate the conspiracy to this day. Those who think that Nasa faked some or all of the landings base their theories o
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planted by Buzz Aldrin moving in a strange way, the lack of stars over the lunar landscape and shadows fallinin different direction. These theories have been generally discounted but belief in them particularly on thweb persists.
A flying saucer crashed at Roswell in 1947
The event that kick-started more than a half century of conspiracy theories surrounding unidentified flyinobjects (UFOs). Something did crash at Roswell, New Mexico, sometime before July 7, 1947 and at first the US authorities stated explicitly that this was a flying saucer or disk as shown by the splash story on thadays Roswell Daily Record, pictured. Numerous witnesses reported seeing metallic debris scattered over wide area and at least one reported seeing a blazing craft crossing the sky shortly before it crashed. In recen
years, witnesses have added significant new details, including claims of a large military operation dedicated recovering alien craft and aliens themselves, at as many as 11 crash sites, and alleged witness intimidation. 1989, former mortician Glenn Dennis claimed that he was involved in alien autopsies which were carried out the Roswell air force base.
The conspiracy theory has been fanned by the US military repeatedly changing its story. Within hours of tharmy telling reporters that it had recovered a crashed saucer, senior officers insisted that the only thing thahad fallen from the sky had been a weather balloon. A report by the Office of the Secretary of the Air Forcreleased in 1995, concluded that the reported recovered material in 1947 was likely debris from a secregovernment program called Project Mogul, which involved high altitude balloons meant to detect sound wavegenerated by Soviet atom bomb tests and ballistic missiles. A second report, released in 1997, concluded threports of alien bodies were likely a combination of innocently transformed memories of military acciden
involving injured or killed personnel, and the recovery of anthropomorphic dummies in military programs likProject High Dive conducted in the 1950s.
Since the late 1990s the debate about Roswell has polarized with several former pro-UFO researcheconcluding that the craft was, indeed, part of a US military project and that it was, most likely, some sort oweather balloon. But further evidence has emerged notably a signed affidavit by Walter Haut, the RosweArmy Air Field public affairs officer who had drafted the initial press release on July 8, 1947. Haut says in thaffidavit -signed in 2002 that he saw alien corpses and a craft and that he had been involved in a militarcover up. Haut died in 2005.
The assassination of John F Kennedy
The 35th President of the United States was shot on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas at 12.30pmHe was fatally wounded by gunshots while riding with his wife Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy in motorcade. The ten-month investigation of the Warren Commission of 1963 to 1964, the United States Hous
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that the President had been assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald who was himself shot dead by Jack Rubwhile in police custody.
But doubts about the official explanation and the conclusion that Oswald was the lone gunman firing from thTexas Book Depository overlooking Dealey Plaza where Kennedy was hit surfaced soon after the commissioreport. Footage of the motorcade taken by Abraham Zapruder on 8mm film supported the growing belief that least four shots were fired not the three that the Warren Commission claimed. The moments of impa
recorded on the film also suggested that at least one of the shots came from a completely different direction those supposedly fired by Oswald evidence backed up by testimony of several eye witnesses. Manbelieved that several shots were fired by gunmen hiding behind a picket fence on a grassy knoll overlookinthe plaza.
The assassination is still the subject of widespread speculation and has spawned numerous conspiractheories, though none of these has been proven. In 1979, the House Select Committee on Assassination(HSCA) found both the original FBI investigation and the Warren Commission Report to be seriously flaweThe HSCA also concluded that there were at least four shots fired and that it was probable that a conspiracexisted. However, later studies, including one by the National Academy of Sciences, have called into questiothe accuracy of the evidence used by the HSCA to support its finding of four shots.
September 11, 2001
Thanks to the power of the web and live broadcasts on television, the conspiracy theories surrounding thevents of 9/11 when terrorists attacked the World Trade Centre in New York and the Pentagon Washington have surpassed those of Roswell and JFK in traction. Despite repeated claims by al-Qaeda thit planned, organized and orchestrated the attacks, several official and unofficial investigations into thcollapse of the Twin Towers which concluded that structural failure was responsible and footage of the eventhemselves, the conspiracy theories continue to grow in strength.
At the milder end of the spectrum are the theorists who believe that the US government had prior warning othe attacks but did not do enough to stop them. Others believe that the Bush administration deliberateturned a blind eye to those warnings because it wanted a pretext to launch wars in the Middle East to ushein another century of American hegemony. A large group of people collectively called the 9/11 Tru
Movement cite evidence that an airliner did not hit the Pentagon and that the World Trade Centre could nohave been brought down by airliner impacts and burning aviation fuel alone. This final group points to videevidence which they claim shows puffs of smoke so-called demolition squibs emerging from the TwTowers at levels far below the aircraft impact zones and prior to the collapses. They also believe that, on thday itself, the US air force was deliberately stood down or sent on exercises to prevent intervention that coulhave saved the lives of nearly 3,000 people.
Many witnesses including firemen, policemen and people who were inside the towers at the time claim have heard explosions below the aircraft impacts (including in basement levels) and before both the collapseand the attacks themselves. As with the assassination of JFK, the official inquiry into the events the 9/1Commission Report is widely derided by the conspiracy community and held up as further evidence tha9/11 was an inside job. Scientific journals have consistently rejected these hypotheses.
Source: http://thebizzare.com/cool/greatest-conspiracy-theories-in-history
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READING ACTIVITY
1. Which of the conspiracy theory you read about is the one that you consider to have the best support? Why?____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why are conspiracy theories generational?____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the flying saucer theory about?____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which conspiracy theory has the worst arguments and why?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which conspiracy theory mentioned do you believe has plausible explanations or evidence? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
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Vocabulary:A. Guess the meaning of the underlined word by context and then write the definition in thespace provided.
1.- a) The referendum turned out to be a hoax.b) Was the JFK assassination by Lee Harvey Oswell another hoax pulled off by the CIA?Definition:
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.- a) He was on trial for allegedly murdering his wife.
b) The alleged murderer could not be found anywhere.Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________
3- a) Some people are easily deceived by the news.
b) The con man deceived my sister when he told her she had won a free ticket to Hawaii.Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________
4.- a) Jack the Reaper threatened the lives of many.b) His threat to kill me was quite explicit.Definition:
____________________________________________________________________________
5.- a) Some people think that the government is orchestrating a plan to spread revolutionary ideas inschools.
b) The Qaeda (Arabic for "the Base") group orchestrated the terrorist attack in New York andWashington
Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________
6.- a) The reporter tampered with the news about the UFO.b) Corrupt police officers will tamper with the evidence in order not to be caught red- handed.Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________
7.- a) The producers doubled the speed of the footage for the commercial.
b) The U2 black-and-white footage in Monterey was excellent.Definition:_____________________________________________________________________________
B. Match the word to its definition
a. To empower _______1. Occurring or accepted widely. Spread or
scattered.
b. Skeptics _______2. Lacking required authorization, supervision.
c. To turn a blind eye _______3. An imperfection, often concealed.
d. To launch _______4. A person who habitually doubts the authenticity
of accepted beliefs.
e. Means_______5. The act of catching sight of something,
especially something unusual or searched for.
f. To claim 6. To invest with power, especially legal power or
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8/2/2019 Unit 1 TRIMESTER 1112-2 (2) (1)
13/18
g. Rogue _______7. To set or thrust in motion.
h. Widespread _______8. To demand, ask for, or take as one's own or
one's due.
i. Cover up _______9. With the use of; owing to.
j. Flaw _______10. To hide from view or knowledge.
k. Sightings _______11. To knowingly refuse to acknowledge
something which you know to be real. Toignore.
C. Make sentences with the following words.
1. Tabloid___________________________________________________________________________
2. Plot
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Pursue___________________________________________________________________________
4. Plagiarism___________________________________________________________________________
GRAMMAR:
Statements of Agreement
The adverbs so, too, neither and either are frequently used when agreeing with a statementhat has been made by another person. So and too are always used when agreeing with a positivstatement. Neither and either are always used when agreeing with a negative statement.
The main verb used with these adverbs is determined by the verb used in the initial statement. If form of the to beverb is used in the initial statement then to be must be used in the statement oagreement. Likewise, if a modal verb such as can is used then a modal verb must be used in thagreeing statement. All other verbs require the use of do in the agreeing statement. See the followin
chart.
If the initial statement is positive
Verbs -to be- Modal verbs all other verbs
initial statement I'm hungry. I can eat spicy food. I like chicken.
agreement using so So am I. So can I. So do I.
agreement using too I am, too. I can, too. I do, too.
If the initial statement is negative
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8/2/2019 Unit 1 TRIMESTER 1112-2 (2) (1)
14/18
Verbs -to be- Modal verbs all other verbs
initial statement I'm not very hungry. I can't drink soju. I don't like chicken.
agreement using neither Neither am I. Neither can I. Neither do I.
agreement using either I'm not either. I can't either. I don't either.
Also, notice the position of the adverbs so, too, neither and either. So and neither are both at thebeginning of the phrase. Too and either are both at the end of the phrase.
NOTE:
The words "so" and "too" are often used in expressions of positive agreement.
"Too" usually comes at the end of the sentence, and "so" at the beginning.
Remember to use "question order" with so.
For example,
A: I'm in a hurry.B: So am I. / I am, too. / Me too.
A: I need to go to the bathroom.B: So do I. / I do, too. / Me too.
A. I recommend giving the murderer a life sentence.B. So do I. / I do, too. / Me too.
Negative Agreement
For negative agreement, use neither in place of "so," and either in place of "too."
For example,
A: I'm not hungry.B: Neither am I. / I'm not either. / Me neither.*
A: I don't have enough money anyway.
B: Neither do I. / I don't either. / Me neither.*
A. I dont agree with death penalty.B. Neither do I. / I dont either. / Me neither.
These expressions can also be used in the second or third person:
They're from Luxembourg.So are we. / We are too.
Todd doesn't like spaghetti.Neither does Louise. / Louise doesn't either.*
*
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8/2/2019 Unit 1 TRIMESTER 1112-2 (2) (1)
15/18
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
A. The Copycat Game: A copycat is someone who agrees with everything you say. Imagine your younbrother copying everything you say - that's how this game is played.
Examples:I'm tired - copycat answer: So am I. or I am too.I like cookies. - copycat answer: I do too. or So do I.I suggest studying later. - copycat answer: I do too. or So do I.
Choose the correct statement to AGREE with the first sentence to play the copycat game.
1) I am an incredulous person. ____I wil,l too. ____I am, too. ____I do, too. ____So do I.
2) Pierre agreed to write his paper.
____So did I too. ____I was, too. ____So was I. ____So did I.
3) Sean claims to know a lot about the Jesus Conspiracy. ____I am, too. ____So do I. ____So is mine. ____So am I.
4) Maria should do her homework now. ____I am too. ____Should I, too. ____So do I. ____I should too.
5) I remember meeting Pam when I was a child. ____I can, too. ____I do, too. ____I am, too. ____So did I.
6) Stan stopped to say hi to his neighbor.
____I did, too. ____So should I. ____So do I. ____So was I.
7) Kaye regrets telling a lie. ____I do, too. ____I am, too. ____And I am. ____So am I.
8) I was not ready to learn something new. ____So was I. ____Neither was I. ____I didnt either. ____So did I.
9) I cant afford to buy a new laptop. ____So can I. ____Neither can I. ____I didnt either. ____So did I.
10) She didnt mean to hurt your feelings.
____So did I. ____Neither was I. ____I didnt either. ____So was I.
11) He doesnt allow you to use his Honda. ____I dont either. ____Neither did I. ____I didnt either. ____So do I.
12) Betty isnt risking losing her money. ____So am I. ____Neither am I. ____I dont either. ____So was I.
B. Get in groups of three students. Each student reads a statement and the other two reactto agree or disagree.
Examples: I come from GermanyI do, too. / I dont
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8/2/2019 Unit 1 TRIMESTER 1112-2 (2) (1)
16/18
So am I / I am, too.
1. I'm learning about conspiracy theories around the world. ______________________________ ___________________________
2. I've not been to Area 51. ______________________________ ___________________________
3. I was shocked to find out that Global Warming might be a hoax. ______________________________ ___________________________
4. I cannot live without television. ______________________________ ___________________________
5. I believe conspiracy theories are real. ______________________________ ___________________________
6. I haven't seen any UFOs. ______________________________ ___________________________
7. I went to a movie about the death of Lady Diana. ______________________________ ___________________________
8. I'm writing a paper on September 11. ______________________________ ___________________________
9. I have never been abducted. ______________________________ ___________________________
10. I don't think Elvis Presley has been seen in public. ______________________________ ___________________________
REMEMBERTo communicate positive or negative AGREEMENT correctly, you must REFLECT thAUXILIARY of the original statement in your response. For example, if the original statement contains the veTO BE in present tense, your response will have it, too. If the original statement contains the simple past ofverb, your response will contain the simple past AUXILIARY, or "DID". Study the examples below:
Negative Agreement Positive Agreement
EITHER orNEITHER SO or TOO
(follows a neg. aux.) (begins the response) (begins the statement) (follows the aux.)
Original Statement: Response 1: Response 2: Original Statement:Response1:
Respon2:
She isn't nice. (he) Neitheris he. He isn't either. She is nice. (he) So is he. He is, to
She doesn't like him. (I ) Neitherdo I. I don't either. She likes him. (I ) So do I. I do, too
She didn't finish it. (we) Neitherdid we. We didn't either. She finished it. (we) So did we. We did,She hasn't been there.(they) .
Neitherhavethey.
They haven'teither.
She has been there.(they)
So havethey.
They hatoo.
She can't play piano.(you)
Neithercanyou. You can't either.
She can play piano.(you)
So canyou.
You cantoo.
She isn't trying hard.(he) Neitheris he. He isn't either.
She is tryinghard.(he) So is he. He is, to
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8/2/2019 Unit 1 TRIMESTER 1112-2 (2) (1)
17/18
EXTRA GRAMMAR PRACTICE
Part A: Match the statement in the first column with a response in the second column. 1. She has gone home. a. Neither has she.2. We need help. b. We will, too.3. I don't remember. c. So does he.
4. You forgot the gift. d. I didn't, either.5. He didn't watch the match. e. Neither is she.6. They haven't arrived. f. So did I.7. You're studying economics. g. They have, too.8. I'm not working tonight. h. He doesn't, either.9. He'll come by 8:00. i. So are we.
Part B.Answer withSo or too. (So am I/ So do I/ So can I; I am too/ I do too/ I can too)
1. I went to bed late last night. _____________________________
2. I am thirsty. _____________________________
3. Ive just had dinner. _____________________________
4. I need a holiday. _____________________________
5. Ill be late tomorrow. _____________________________
6. I was very tired this morning. _____________________________
Part C.Answer with eitherorneither. (Im not either/ I cant either; Neither am I/ Neither can I)
1. Im not going out tomorrow. _____________________________
2. She cant ride a bicycle. _____________________________
3. I dont like shopping. _____________________________
4. I cant go to the party. _____________________________
5. I didnt phone Alex last night. _____________________________
Part D. Respond to the statements in two ways using the subject given.1. He is my friend. (she) ___________________________ _____________________________2. He doesn't eat French fries. (you)___________________________ _____________________________3. He needed me. (they ) ___________________________ _____________________________4. He hasn't worked there long.(we) ___________________________ _____________________________5. He isn't learning how to type. (I) ___________________________ _____________________________
Part E: Write a statement that goes with each response. Follow the example.Example: You want an ice cream. So do I.1. _________________________________________________________________ So did they.2. _________________________________________________________________ You have, too.
3. _________________________________________________________________ Neither has he.4. _________________________________________________________________ I can't, either.5. _________________________________________________________________ We are, too.6. _________________________________________________________________ Neither are you.7. _________________________________________________________________ So will we.8. _________________________________________________________________ She didn't, either.
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8/2/2019 Unit 1 TRIMESTER 1112-2 (2) (1)
18/18
Part F: Complete the following text agreeing or disagreeing with the opinions expressed. Use the subjectfound in parenthesis. Use each of the structures studied in class at least once. Do not use any informalexpression.
John: My sister has not come to Venezuela for 4 years because of the increased crime rate. She says she read
a travel guide that you should not be out at night anywhere in Caracas.
Peter: _____________________________________ (brother/agrees). He said he is not coming until crime ha
improved. I am really upset at him.
Jane: _______________________________________ (I/disagree). Havent you seen the recent statistics? I re
in the newspaper that crime increased from 4,550 in 1999 to 16,047 a year. I wouldnt have thought it was s
high!
John: _______________________________________ (I/agree). I guess we are used to the numbers becau
we live here. It makes me want to stay home all day or go abroad, and I love this country.
Jane: _______________________________________ (our siblings/agree), but personal safety comes first.
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