unit 1: the basics of geography · the basics of geography chapter 3: physical geography . weather...
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Unit 1: The Basics of Geography
Chapter 3: Physical Geography
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Weather
• Condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time
• Climate-weather conditions a particular location over a long period of time.
• Causes: water vapor, cloud cover, landforms, elevation, air movement
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Weather Extremes
• Hurricanes/typhoons
• Tornadoes
• Blizzards
• Droughts
• Floods
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Factors Affecting Climate
• Wind currents
• Ocean Currents
• Zones of Latitude
• Elevation
• Topography
• Global Warming
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World Climate Regions
• 5 large regions: tropical, dry, mid-latitude, high latitude, highland.
• Sub-regions exist too…
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Sub-Regions
• Tropical Wet
– Always hot
– Sunny in the morning but rain daily
– Lots of rainfall: 80 inches a year
– Central and South America
– Africa, Southwest Asia
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Sub-Regions
• Tropical Wet and Dry
– Rainy season in summer
• Warmer temps
– Dry season in winter
• Cooler temps
– Rainfall is less than in tropical wet
– Africa, South and Central America, parts of Asia
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Sub-Regions
• Semiarid
– Less than 20 inches of rain a year
– Summers are hot
– Winters are mild to cold
– Interior of continents, usually near deserts
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Sub-Regions
• Desert
– Hot or cold
– Less than 10 inches of rain
– Hot deserts: typically in southern hemisphere
– Cold deserts: typically in northern hemisphere
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Sub-Regions • Mediterranean
– Dry and hot summers
– Cold and rainy winters
• Tundra – Near Arctic
Ocean
– Permafrost
– Less than 15 inches of rain
– Summer lasts only for a few weeks
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Sub-Regions
• Other sub-regions:
– Marine West Coast
– Humid Subtropical
– Humid Continental
– Subarctic
– Highlands
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Soil and Vegetation Regions
• Ecosystem: interdependent community of plants and animals
– Regional ecosystem: biome
• Forest, grassland, desert, tundra
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Soil and Vegetation Regions
• Forestlands
– Deciduous trees: drop leaves in the fall
– Coniferous trees: cones, don’t drop leaves/needles
– Rain forest
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Soil and Vegetation Regions
• Grasslands
– Savanna
– Steppe/prairie
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Soil and Vegetation Regions
• Desert and Tundra
– Animals and plants in these areas adapt to the cold/dry climate conditions