Unit 1: Unit 1: Medieval MusicMedieval Music

500 A.D – 1400 A.D (6th-15th centuries)

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Guido of Arezzo (991-1033)

Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179)

The Black Death (1348-1350)

King Richard I (The Lionheart) (1157-1199) and the Crusades

Perotinus the Great (1160-1236)

The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

Guillaume de Machaut

(1300-1377)

Hildegard von Bingen Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179)(1098-1179)

Influential FemaleNun, writer, philosopher,

composer, herbologist…“Divine Visions” Combined LITURGY with

POETRY and DRAMA.

Example: Ordo Virtutum“Play of the Virtues”

King Richard I (The King Richard I (The Lionheart) Lionheart) (1157-1199)(1157-1199)Kind of England (but

preferred Duchy of Aquitaine, France)

Christian commander in the Third Crusade.

Troubadours wrote songs of him in war.

Composed “Ja nus hons pris” to express feeling of abandonment

Perotinus the Great Perotinus the Great (1160-1236)(1160-1236)

French teacher(“Perotin Magister”)

First to compose music for four voices. (Early polyphony)

Used intervals, not chords

Wrote a book on HOW to compose polyphonic music(Magnus Liber Organi)

The Black Death The Black Death

(1348-1350) (1348-1350)Originated in fleas

carried by rats from China (silk road)

Killed 30-60% of Europe’s Population

World’s population from 450 million to 350 million.

Swelling lymph nodes (“boils”) – death in 2 to 7 days.

A term used for a group of mostly dynastic conflicts:Edwardian War (1337-1360), Caroline War (1369-1389), Lancastrian War (1415-1429), Breton War of Succession, Castilian Civil War, War of the Two Peters, 1383-1385 Crisis.

Sparked French and English nationalism

Led to revolution in Warfare and strategy

Peasant involvement, less importance placed on expensive calvary.

The Hundred Years The Hundred Years WarWar(1337-1453)(1337-1453)

Guillaume de Machaut Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377)(1300-1377)

French poet and composer.

Important part of the Ars Nova movement(distinct rhythms, “courtly love” songs)

Known for being the first to write a full Mass by himself