unit 1: getting to know one s self

1 Copyright © 2018 Quipper Limited

UNIT 1: Getting to Know One’s Self Table of Contents

Introduction 2

Lesson 1: Taking a Look at Oneself

Jump Start 4

Learn about It! 5

Check Your Understanding 15

Explore Your World! 17

Lesson 2: Discovering My Uniqueness

Jump Start 21

Learn about It! 22

Check Your Understanding 30

Explore Your World! 32

Real-world Challenge 35

My Reflection 36

Wrap Up 37

Answers to Check Your Understanding 40

Bibliography 45

Glossary 47


GRADE 11/12 | Personal Development

UNIT 1

Getting to Know One’s Self

“No one is you, and that is your power.”

- Dave Grohl

Adolescence is a stage of self-discovery. It is the time when young people build

their identities and learn more about themselves as they go through life’s different

changes and challenges. The goal is not only to know oneself, but also to accept

who one is. With this acceptance is the power to make things happen and also, the

power to build a life that he/she desires.

Lulu’s Self-Exploration

Lulu is excited about trying out in different clubs this school year. The rules state

that each student is allowed to join a maximum of 3 clubs only for the year. She

has been thinking about it a lot, listing down a list of her strengths and weaknesses,

her likes and dislikes. After much thought, she decided to go for a sports team.

Lulu has her eye on the volleyball club since

she knows she’s a good player, and she has

a lot of experience playing the sport. Her

tosses and spikes are to watch out for, and

her jumps are pretty impressive. Aside

from sports, Lulu also knows that her

debate skills are also above average. She

believes she must have taken this talent

after her father, who happens to be a

lawyer. She can easily organize her

thoughts and get her point across on


almost any topic given. Lulu knows she speaks eloquently and can convey a

message through both English and Filipino. Clearly, for her, joining the debate

team seems like a natural choice. Lulu’s last choice was the cooking club. Her

friends do not know this skill she has, but at home, she can cook like a young

master chef. She grew up watching cooking shows, preparing meals for the family

and even creating her recipes.

She was just about to sign up for all these three clubs when her friends saw her and

asked her why she wasn’t signing up for the dance club. Lulu was caught by

surprise for she never really thought about it. Apparently, a lot of her friends

thought she was a great dancer and would be a wonderful addition to the dance

club. She knew she could dance to a beat, but she didn’t really think she had

potential to explore when it came to this skill. Suddenly, Lulu was back to square

one. She had to re-think her skills list and what interests her.

Learning Targets

In this unit, you should be able to:

● explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths

and limitations and deal with others better;

● share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences; and

Essential Questions

How does one get to know himself/herself?

What does knowing oneself mean?

How does one keep track of his/her changing strengths and

weaknesses?

What are the benefits of knowing oneself?


● maintain a journal.

Lesson 1: Taking A Look At Oneself

Everyone has their strengths and weaknesses, a potential for growth, room for

improvement, and limitations. As one grows up, the knowledge about one’s self

increases. However, not everyone knows what to do with the information you have

about yourself. What does one gain when you know yourself?

Jump Start

Materials: paper, pen

Instructions:

Have you ever wondered what others thought about you when they first met you?

In this activity, you need to have a blank piece of paper tape on your back.

Afterwards, you may go around the room and make sure to write on your

classmate’s backs about their first impression on you. It can be a simple word or

phrase that best describes your classmates during your first day of meeting. You

will be given 10 minutes to do the activity.

Afterwards, answer the following questions:

What did you discover about yourself from others that you didn’t know before?

Which ones of the impressions were right, and which ones were wrong?


What do you know about yourself that you consider as strengths, and which

ones are weaknesses?

Learn about It!

Ever since you were a baby, you

already possessed some knowledge

about yourself. You would respond

to yourself in the mirror, and learn

to acknowledge your body. As you

grow older, there are more

opportunities available that exist for

you to get to know yourself better.

As you get to interact with more and

more people in your everyday encounters, your knowledge of yourself also

becomes more complex. This information you have of yourself can either become

an empowering tool or a delimiting one.

Self-Concept

Everything that you know about yourself is called self-concept. It is your perception

of yourself, how you define and understand yourself as a multi-dimensional

(physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and moral) human being. It, not only involve

the present perception of you, but also take into play one’s past and future self –

thereby, making self-concept a vibrant representation of who you are. There are

different ways that you can perceive yourself because of cultural differences and

environmental factors. However, among all these varying self-concepts lie three

essential components: 1) physical characteristics, 2) personality traits, and 3) social

identity.

Physical characteristics are used to describe how you look in either a positive

PAUSE FOR A THOUGHT

Do you know yourself? How did you

learn these things about yourself?

Where did the information come from?

Do you like what you know?


or negative way;

Personality traits are the stable characteristics that determine your behavior;

and

Social identity would refer to the social group where you belong. Self-concepts

are never simple, given the differences in backgrounds of individuals.

Self-complexity, or the different ways in which you think about yourself, can be

high or low according to researchers. If you have a lot of social identities, such

as a daughter, student, volleyball team captain, friend, sister– you are said to

have high complexity. All of these components determine how you are different

or unique from others, and how you evaluate yourself against others.

Self-Esteem

When you evaluate yourself against others based on your knowledge of yourself,

your self-esteem is affected. Self-concept is greatly associated with self-esteem,

which is the value that you put on what you know about yourself. It is a positive or

negative self-evaluation of the self-concept that could be based on your

performance or behavior or your interaction with others. There are moments

when you arrive at a distorted or inaccurate evaluation of yourself. This is because

of the subjective nature of self-concept, wherein the information you have of

yourself is heavily based on perceptions. But in any case, your high or low self-

esteem may also affect your self-worth (how much you value yourself) and your

EXAMPLE

The self-concept regarding its three basic components

1) Physical Characteristics – “I am fair-skinned.” “I am chubby.”

2) Personality Traits - “I am trustworthy.” “I am outgoing.”

3) Social Identity – “I am the daughter of Leni.” “I am a Muslim.”


self-efficacy (the belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks and control

your environment).

Self-Concept as a Product of Social Relationships

One of the propositions made about self-concept

that directly affects self-esteem is that what you

know about yourself is primarily a product of

your relationships with others. In 1902,

American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley

popularized the concept of the looking glass

self wherein he theorizes that people around

you serve as mirrors that reflect how you see

yourself. You merely reinforce others’

impressions and build this idea of yourself based

on these interactions. And so, based on this, if

you think that others have a negative perception

of you, this creates a negative self-concept and low self-esteem.

REMEMBER ME!

Self-concept: your perception of yourself, how you define and understand

yourself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social, and

moral) human being

Self-esteem: a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept

Self-worth: how much you value yourself

Self-efficacy: your belief and confidence that you can accomplish tasks

and control your environment

Self-Complexity: the different ways in which you think about yourself


There are many social factors that

influence your self-concept and self-

esteem. How you come to know who you

are is influenced by the ways other people

react to you. When you receive positive

reactions to your skills and traits, you

develop a positive idea of yourself.

However, when your behavior is ignored or

reacted negatively, your self-concept turns

sour as well and you end up with negative

judgments of yourself. Comparing yourself

to others also affect what you know and

think of yourself. If you perceive others to be more successful than you, it is

probable that you do not think highly of yourself and vice versa. However, of

course, such comparisons can also be a source of motivation to make the self

better and give more value to the self. The extent to which you identify with other

people around you is a factor in how you perceive yourself.

EXAMPLE

Growing up, John has always been compared to his brother James. James

would always get better grades than him. Everyone around John has, at one

point or another, made him feel that he was not as smart as James. He felt

that his parents would only always praise James, and even his friends

admired his brother. He grew up believing that he was not good enough to

do well academically and so, in all his years in school, he just lived with what

he thought was the expectation of him. He would fail exams, and repeat

subjects left and right.

TIP!

Factors that influence self-

concept and self-esteem:

the ways others react to

an individual

the way an individual

compares himself to

others

the extent to which an

individual identifies with

these other people


Self-Awareness

When one can access his knowledge of himself easily, that person is said to be self-

aware. Self-awareness is the ability to know yourself extensively, not just

regarding traits and characteristics, but also knowing your inner state and how you

think. It is a deeper understanding of your emotions, belief systems, and patterns

in behavior and thought that should allow us to effectively redirect negative traits

into positive ones if needed. Therefore, to be self-aware, you must attempt to be

non-judgmental and unbiased in assessing or understanding yourself.

In 1972, psychologists Shelley Duval and

Robert Wicklund first studied self-

awareness and stated in the self-

awareness theory that when you focus on

yourself, there is the tendency to compare

what you currently observe to the

standards you set for yourself. And when

there is a mismatch between your ideal self

and your actual self, this becomes a source

of distress for you and is much likely to

affect your self-esteem. In the same way, if

the ideal self is consistent with the actual

self, you react positively. This is what the

self-discrepancy theory states. In effect,

people who are highly self-aware feel more

pressure to live up to their ideals as compared to those who do not know

themselves well enough.

The goal then is to have a clear and defined self-concept. Having high self-concept

clarity helps you and your desire to become self-aware by providing a more stable

view of your positive traits. This creates higher self-esteem and less vulnerability to

the stress caused by inconsistencies between the actual self and ideal self. The

more well-defined and stable your self-concept is, the more capable you become in


addressing mismatches you will encounter of yourself.

Self-awareness comes in two types: internal self-awareness and external self-

awareness. Internal self-awareness refers to clearly seeing your inner self–your

personalities, values, desires, reactions, and impact on other people. External self-

awareness involves understanding how others see you. The goal here is to attempt

to reach a balance of both types of awareness – to know yourself well and to

receive feedback on how others see you.

A study made by Dr. Tasha Eurich for the Harvard Business Review shows four

types of individuals and how you exhibit internal and external self- awareness. It

represents the different categories of your self-awareness with the mixture of its

internal and external types. This categorizes your knowledge of yourself and of

others.

REMEMBER ME!

Self-Awareness Theory: When you focus on yourself, there is the

tendency to compare what you currently observe to the standards you

set for yourself.

Self-Discrepancy Theory: When there is a mismatch between your ideal

self and your actual self, this becomes a source of distress for you and is

much likely to affect your self-esteem.

Self-Concept Clarity: Having a clear and defined self-concept


Low External Self-

Awareness

High External Self-

Awareness

High Internal

Self-Awareness

INTROSPECTORS

- you are aware of who you

are but fail to get feedback

from others

AWARE

- you understand yourself and

seek out opinions others have

of you

Low Internal Self-

Awareness

SEEKERS

- you lack knowledge of

yourself and how others see

you

PLEASERS

- you value others’ perceptions

of yourself with little regard to

what is important to you

personally

Knowing Yourself and Dealing With Others

An individual who is well-aware of his strengths and weaknesses is an empowered

individual. If you are highly self-aware individual, you are more capable of being

able to accept responsibility for your actions and more capable of being

independent of the negative influences of others. Because you are more observant

of yourself and your responses to certain situations, you can make smarter choices

in life, has more control of your experiences, and can also realize the need to

change negative patterns of behavior when needed.


Knowing yourself well also allows you to be able to deal better with others and in

the process, create more meaningful relationships. When you know who you are,

you can openly communicate yourself and what you want to others. This will create

better understanding between yourself and others, and consequently, a more

satisfying relationship. Being accepting of your flaws and strengths makes it easier

to reach compromises when needed because you are secure about yourself and

does not feel that your self-concept is being threatened. Becoming self-aware

includes learning to take responsibility for your actions instead of blaming others

and the environment, which makes you clearly see other perspectives of an issue as

well. Awareness of the self leads to a more conscious way of acting towards others,

instead of passively interacting with them. This results in more empathy and

compassion, a must in any healthy relationship. Your awareness of your emotional

needs, behaviors, interaction patterns, and a better understanding of yourself as a

relational being allows you to become more conscious of your interactions with

others, as well as make healthy decisions that affect yourself and others around

you.

EXAMPLE

Rica’s friends planned to sneak out of school that day to skip class and go to

the mall to watch the latest movie of one of her favorite actors. They tried to

convince her to go with them by telling her that there weren’t any exams or

quizzes that day for her to miss. However, Rica, who is highly aware of

herself, knew that it was wrong and she should not break the rules for a

movie. Not only would she be putting herself in danger, but she would also

be disappointing her parents who are working hard for her education. As a

sister to her younger siblings, she also knew that this going would not be a

good example to them. Rica thought of herself as a responsible student, and

so she did not sneak out with them.


Steps to Self-Awareness

Self-awareness is important at any stage in your life. Here are some ways to

become more self-aware to be able to achieve success in relationships and other

aspects of life.

Ask yourself why. Before you act or decide

on anything, it is always a good idea to know

why you are going to do what you are about

to do. Understanding the intentions behind

your actions lets you to become more aware

of your thought processes and will allow you

to make smarter decisions.

Delay gratification. Being able to control

yourself by not quickly giving in to

temptations allows you to practice saying no

to negative influences that may affect you

later on. This gives you a chance to

strengthen your sense of self.

Take feedback constructively. Learn to accept what others say about you and use

it to improve yourself. Remember that self-awareness is a healthy balance between

understanding yourself and how others see you.

Let go of biases. Before you make any auto-pilot reactions to a situation, make

sure you stop and think about the different sides of the situation. Question

yourself and challenge yourself as to why you believe in such things. Be objective

and re-assess your responses to others.

Use tools to know yourself. Experts have come up with different ways for

individuals to learn about their personality types, which are fortunately readily

available to you online. Knowing where you stand in the Myers-Briggs personality

TIP!

Steps to Become More Self-

Aware:

Ask yourself why.

Delay gratification.

Take feedback

constructively.

Let go of biases.

Use tools to know

yourself.

Reflect often.


exam and introvert-extrovert spectrum, as well as reasonably assessing yourself

through a SWOT analysis and Johari’s Window, can give you a better idea of who

you are.

Reflect often. Taking time to think quietly through meditation or simple reflection

will help you become more self-aware. Keep a journal to see how your thoughts

and actions progress. Learn from the mistakes you have made, and always keep

yourself in check.


Check Your Understanding

A. Read each statement carefully. Complete the sentence by supplying the

correct word.

1. ____________________________ is your perception of yourself, how you define

and understand yourself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual,

emotional, social, and moral) human being.

2. ____________________________ theorized the looking glass self-concept.

3. Individuals who value others’ perceptions of them with little regard to

what is important to them personally are called __________________________.

4. ____________________________refers to the social groups that you belong and

is a basic component of your self-concept.

5. Knowing yourself well can lead to better ____________________________ in

relationships.

B. Answer each statement briefly and concisely.

1. How does feedback help you in becoming self-aware?

2. How does awareness of the self lead to empathy and compassion in a

relationship?

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________


3. What factors influence self- concept, and self-esteem?

C. Read each situation well. Answer as best as you can.

1. Joel wants to get to know himself better through well-documented and

well-constructed test types. What can you suggest to him?

2. Some kids in Pia’s school think that she is a snob, but Pia doesn’t seem to

mind. Why do you think this is so?

3. Kevin feels stressed that what he thinks of himself doesn’t match what he

is experiencing in real life. Why does he feel this way?


Explore Your World!

Task 1: Personal SWOT Analysis

Materials: pen, paper

Instructions:

In 10-15 minutes, make your SWOT analysis. List down your Strengths,

Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Give at least two examples for

each. It can be a skill, a talent, a character trait, or anything that you think

gives you an edge or puts you a step behind. You will find some guide

questions for each quadrant to help you. Write a short explanation of your

analysis. Share with the class after.

Strengths

What am I good at?

What do others think I excel in?

What am I better at doing than other

people?

What skills do I have?

Weaknesses

What am I not good at?

Why do I fail?

What do I need more practice in?

What they don’t like about me?

Opportunities

What opportunities are there that

can help me improve?

What traits or skills do I have that I

feel have a lot of potential for

growth?

Threats

What obstacles are in the way of my

success?

What is stopping me to be a better

version of myself?


Task 2: Sell Yourself

Materials: any props available to students

Instructions:

Get a partner for this role-playing activity. Choose which one will “sell”

himself/herself to the other person. The two of you must act out a scene

where one tries to convince the other to approve of him/her because of his

strengths and despite his weaknesses. The scene can be anything from a job

interview, or a talk show, or any creative situation. Make sure to mention

both strengths and weaknesses in the scene.

Criteria for Scoring Points

Presence of at least 2 examples in each

quadrant

3

Clarity and depth of explanations/analysis 3

Completion of chart 2

Grammatically correct sentences and

confidence during presentation

2

Total 10


Presence of strengths and weaknesses in

dialogue

3

Ability of script to convince/persuade 3

Creativity and uniqueness of the presentation 2



2

Total 10


Task 3: From Weakness to Strength

Materials: Manila paper/cartolina, markers

Instructions:

Form groups of 4-5. Each member will share one weakness they have to the

group. The group will now help each other come up with specific plans of

action on how this specific weakness can be turned into strength or how that

person can change for the better. Write your group discussion on the Manila

paper and be ready to share it with the class.


Presence of one weakness for each member 3

Ability to provide effective way to transform

weakness into strength

3




2

Total 10


A study from Brown University that was published in the

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine suggests that individuals

who are highly self-aware have better heart health. In the study,

researchers measured the “mindfulness” of individuals by having

them rate different statements. In the results, it was found that

those who were more “present” and aware with their thoughts,

feelings, and actions had scores that were as high as those indicators

for good cardiovascular health in the American Heart Association.

Although nothing has been concluded, researchers are hopeful that

this can be the beginning of non-invasive, mindfulness interventions

for good heart health.



“Not all things are created equal.” This is a reflection that people may look similar

but they have exceptional qualities that make them different from others. These

qualities may be helpful or not, but they add dimension to the personality of a

person. The distinctions that a person has contributed to the understanding that

human behavior is never exact. In a way, the differences among people have made

it possible for new ideas, inventions, and perspectives to take center stage and be

used to help people.

Jump Start

Materials: small pieces of rolled paper, pictures of broken objects

Instructions:

The class will be divided into several groups with a maximum of 5 members each.

Each group is tasked to choose an object and “sell” them by highlighting the

alternative uses for this object. They will be given 10 minutes to prepare their sales

pitch. Each object has the same price of 10 small pieces of paper. After the sales

pitch of each group, all members of the class will walk around the classroom to put

their pieces of paper on the objects they would “buy.” The group with the most

number of pieces of paper is considered as the group with the best sales pitch.

After the activity, you may reflect on this question: “What made you decide to

choose an object despite its imperfection?”


Learn about It!

An essential characteristic among people is their distinctiveness. Every person may

share qualities that make them no different from others and yet they also possess

qualities that make them stand out among others. Human behavior explores the

known, the unknown, the similar, and the different facets of people. While it is

considered as a young science, this field has provided a significant number of

insights of how the qualities of people contribute to the understanding of their self,

the environment around them, and how they can contribute to the development of

their societies.

It is a fact that people come from one

family but remain different from each

other. Their individuality is due to

multiple factors like biological

attributes, upbringing, and societal

influences. These factors are

combined to come up with “the self.”

Individual differences

It refers to the

differences and

similarities among

people in a

psychological way.

Wilderdom mentioned

that Plato once said that

“No two persons are

born exactly alike, but

each differs from the

other in natural

endowments, one being

PAUSE FOR A THOUGHT

Imagine a world where every person

looks and thinks the same? How would

that world look like?


suited for one occupation and the other for another.

The psychology of individual differences rests on the assumption that no two

individuals are exactly alike in the manner of thinking, feelings, and behavior. The

classification of people have been recognized and practiced throughout the ages.

Why is it important to know how different we are from others?

The study of individual differences is not just meant to cluster them in different

demographics.

Demographics. It is the statistical characteristics of people like age, gender, religion

or socioeconomic status. This information is meant to provide a quick view of how

members of different groups are categorized. However, a person is not just a part

of statistics. The people may be categorized together, but there exist their

individual preferences, hobbies, attitudes, religious beliefs and affiliations, political

perspectives and more. These varying factors, when combined, characterize a

unique person.

EXAMPLE

Examples of how men have been categorized:

Gender differences. Men were the hunters while women were the

gatherers.

Social groups or affiliations. education, caste, and class.

Occupations. educators, doctors, IT professionals, businessmen


Knowing the characteristics that you have make you more comfortable in your

decisions, actions, and attitudes. You become aware that your individuality affects

the others as well. This knowledge makes you more attuned to others and makes

you aware of the limitations and strengths of the people you mingle with.

Your uniqueness make you able to make connections with other people; create

innovations and novel solution to problems; make a positive impact and help

people by being the source of joy and inspiration.

Sharing Experiences

Experiences are personal, but there are

many things that you can learn by listening

to the sharing of personal experiences,

characteristics, and habits of others.

Learning is considered as a social activity

since it involves both the formal and

informal methods of gaining knowledge

from others. It is not limited to a structured

setting like a classroom. Whenever there is interaction among people, there is

learning. A simple conversation can serve as a spark into acquiring knowledge.

REMEMBER ME!

Demographics. It is the statistical characteristics of people like their gender,

their religion, their age, their marital status and the like. The categorization and

grouping are meant to provide a quick view of how members are grouped.


Social Learning Theory

Albert Bandura proposed the Social Learning

Theory. According to him, people learn from

each other. They do this through observation,

modeling, and imitation. According to Learning

Theories.com Bandura said that “Most human

behavior is learned observationally through

modeling: from observing others, one forms an

idea of how new behaviors are performed, and

on later occasions, this coded information

serves as a guide for action.” In short, a person

learns by observing the behaviors of others,

their attitudes, and the outcomes of these

behaviors.

Conditions for Effective Modeling

These conditions affect the speed by which the person, object, action or event is

absorbed and modeled. The first condition is by far the most significant since

without this, the behavior to be modeled will be rendered useless if it is not given

the sufficient amount of focus.

1. Attention. It refers to the active processing of specific information about your

surroundings. An increased or decreased level of attention given to a specific

EXAMPLE

When a class has a retreat or spiritual gathering and each person is sharing

their experiences in dealing with their problems, and how they were solved,

there is already a form of learning as to how others can also use these

methods to solve their problems.


person, object, action, or event affects the imitation of behavior.

2. Retention. It is described as remembering the person, object, action, or event

where attention is given.

3. Reproduction. It is the duplication of the object, action, action, or event.

4. Motivation. It is the push to imitate or duplicate.

Reciprocal Determinism. Bandura also emphasized that the person’s behavior

and the world cause each other. This means that when a certain behavior is

imitated by another, this can cause a chain reaction in which other people will begin

to imitate this behavior until it becomes a habit or accepted by many. Once this

happens, this behavior affects the society as well; in turn, society will start accepting

this behavior.

The act of sharing experiences, whether unique or common, is considered as a

robust strategy for social learning. It creates a learning environment in which the

members learn voluntarily. People are interested to learn in this context because

they do not have to exert too much work or use background study to learn. A

person who shares experiences, achieves a sense of pride especially if the

EXAMPLE

In the Philippines before, people marry even before the age of eighteen. At

present, marrying before eighteen years of age is not allowed.

REMEMBER ME!

Four conditions to ensure effective modeling:

Attention.

Retention.

Reproduction.

Motivation.


experience provides insights that will help the fellow learners.

Different Strategies for Social Learning

1. Discussions

2. Photos

3. Audio

4. Video

In light of the significance of sharing experiences, you can also share your

characteristics and habits that can help others. The people who have conquered

difficulties and lived to tell the tale can provide hope to people who are feeling

defeated and hopeless. A person who shares his/her unique habits like creating

miniatures, painting landscapes, or teaching street children can be a source of

inspiration since he/she makes use of these habits to help other people and let

them think about sharing their practices and significant qualities that aid in uplifting

their lives and that of others.


Journals as Tools of Self-Reflection

Twenty-four hours may seem to be too

short for some people. With so many

things to do, you can have a difficult

time keeping track of all the things you

have to finish. Keeping a journal is a

good habit to develop since it helps in

boosting your performance and

productivity. A journal serves as a

record of how your day was spent. It

makes you reflect not only the significant events that happened that day but also

on reviewing your thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Keeping a journal is one way of venting safely. Writing in a journal is a good way

of expressing emotions instead of venting them out. You can write anything in a

journal and can reflect on the passages that you have written. One flip side is the

possibility of someone stumbling on the journal and reading all the contents.

It enhances creativity. Expressing the emotions is not the only advantage of

keeping a journal. It also helps in developing your creativity. Also, the daily

experiences written in the journal can help you break down difficult problems, so

comprehension is attained and makes a possible solution to the problems.

Recording good ideas. A good idea becomes useless if it is not executed.

Nevertheless, you tend to forget them once you become preoccupied with

something else. The act of writing down serves as a record that can be reviewed at

a later time.

Habit formation. Journal writing helps in identifying patterns of behaviors that a

you have.


Mental health tool. A journal keeps secrets. The pent-up resentment, happiness,

anger, fear and other extreme emotions can be very tiring. However, writing them

down is a good way of expressing and lessening the effects of these emotions.

Moreover, it can also help you relive happy times that proved to be satisfying thus,

helping you maintain a healthy level of mental health.

Keeping a journal is a traditional way of

recording your thoughts. However,

maintaining a journal can be tedious since

not all people like to write. These days, it has

taken a turn with the use of unusual

methods. Blogging and more recently

vlogging (video blogging) are two methods of

recording the daily activities and expression

of personal opinions or preferences of a

person. These two methods can be shared

and seen by other people. One downside is

that they can be subject to bashing since

they are automatically shared with a great

number of people who may not share the

same views. Moreover, they can be used

against the person who uploaded them since

they may contain slanderous or libelous

claims. Caution is strongly advised.

REMEMBER ME!

Benefits of keeping a journal:

A way to vent or express safely.

It enhances creativity.

Recording good ideas.

Habit formation.

Mental health tool.

TIP!

Blogging and vlogging are

both used to keep track of

one’s activities; they can be

done by writing or filming a

video and uploading them

online. Just remember to

practice responsible

behavior when doing so like

avoiding plagiarism, using

facts to emphasize an

opinion and avoiding

maligning another person or

groups.


Check Your Understanding

A. Read each statement carefully. Supply the correct words to complete the

statement.

1. Age, gender, and religion are examples of ___________.

2. The term ______________ refers to the differences and similarities among people.

3. Social Learning Theory was proposed by ______________.

4. The term ______________ refers to the active processing of information.

5. The duplication of the object, action, or event is known as ____________.

B. Answer the following questions in a brief but concise manner.

1. Sandra Bierig once said that “To accept ourselves as we are means to value our

imperfections as much as our perfections. “How do you explain this quote?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Among the three methods of recording your thoughts, which you are likely to

use? Journal writing, blogging, or vlogging? Why?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


3. Who among the young celebrities would you like to imitate and why?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Part C. Read each situation carefully and answer the questions for each item.

1. What is the importance of demographics?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why is sharing experiences considered as a tool for learning?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is attention an important component of effective modeling?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


Explore Your World!

Task 1: Does This Make Sense?

Materials: paper, pen

Instructions:

Recall a very unusual experience that happened to you. Draw this experience and

explain how it has affected you by writing down the realizations that you had after

this experience. Present your output to the class.

Task 2: My Idol Blogger

Materials: snapshots of a vlog or blog

Instructions:

Pick a partner. Choose a blogger or a vlogger. Write down what qualities of this

blogger or vlogger that you both admire. Show a snapshot of his/her blog or vlog to

the class. What makes the blog/vlog worthy of being read/watched. How do the

experiences of this person help you learn?


Clarity of ideas 3

Relevance of content 3

Impact and creativity 2

Use of grammatically correct sentences 2

Total 10


Task 3: Collage Making

Materials: cartolina or Manila paper, pictures of personalities/famous people

Instructions:

Form a group of five people. Print pictures of people who have made a unique

contribution to the world. Paste their pictures on the Manila paper or cartolina

together with their contributions. Present the collage and explain why you included

these personalities in your collage.


Clarity of ideas 3


Relevance of details 3

Grammatically correct sentences and level of

confidence

2

Total 10


Observation of the time duration (3 minutes) 5

Clarity of ideas 5

Grammatically correct sentences and level of

confidence

5

Creativity and impact of the presentation 5

Total 20


Anne Frank was an adolescent girl who became famous because of the

diary she had written while hiding. In her diary, she confessed to wanting to

become a journalist or a writer. Her diary entitled The Secret Annexe was

published on June 25, 1947.


Real-world Challenge

Task: Magazine Making

Materials: pictures, paper, glue, pens

Instructions:

Form a group of five people.

Choose the writers and the artists in the group. The writers will be the ones

to write articles while the artists will take care of the pictures, design, and

layout of the magazine.

The magazine will have a maximum of 4 pages only excluding the front and

back covers. The writers will write articles about personalities and their

unique qualities that made a difference in the world. The artist will design the

covers and take pictures.

Present the magazine to the class.

Criteria for Scoring Score

Visual impact and creativity 5

Clarity of ideas 5

Relevance of the content 5

Total 15


My Reflection

Write three characteristics that you like about yourself and three that you do not

like. Write a short paragraph about how your positive qualities make you a valuable

person and how your shortcomings can be improved. Write two paragraphs with a

minimum of 5 sentences each. The following words must appear in your

paragraphs: appreciation, acceptance, unique, contribution, improvement,

and change.


Clarity of ideas 3

Accuracy and relevance of details 3

Impact and uniqueness of the presentation 2

Use of grammatically correct sentences 2

Total 10


Wrap Up

In this unit, the following points were discussed:

The formation of the self-concept is based on the multi-dimensional

perception of the self which includes the physical, spiritual, emotional, social

and moral aspects.

Self-complexity refers to the different ways in which a person thinks about

himself/herself.

Self-concept has three basic components: physical characteristics,

personality traits and social identity.

Self-esteem is the value that an individual places on himself/herself. It can

either be positive or negative depending on the performance of the person

and his/her interactions with others.

Self-concept is a product of our interaction with other people. Charles Cooley

coined the term looking glass self which stressed that the people around us

could serve as mirrors that reflect how we see ourselves. Their reactions

affect the formation of a person’s self-concept.

Self-awareness is the ability to know one’s self extensively including your

inner state and how your think.


Steps to Self-Awareness

Social Learning Theory formulated by Albert Bandura posits that if a behavior

is modeled and imitated, this can snowball into being imitated by others that

can turn into acceptable behavior.

Four conditions for an effective modeling:

Reciprocal determination emphasized that the behavior and the world cause

each other. This signifies that once the behavior has become a habit and

majority of the people are exhibiting the said behavior; becomes acceptable.

Ask yourself why.

Delay gratification,

Take feedback constructively.

Let go of biases.

Use tools to know yourself.

Reflect often.

The more attention is paid, the more

likely is the behavior to be modeled.

The retention happens when the

behavior is remembered.

Reproduction is the act of duplicating the

behavior.

Motivation is the push to repeat the

behavior until it becomes a habit.


Journals are tools of self-reflection. There are its advantages:

.

Blogging and video blogging are modern techniques that help a person

spread his/her message to others.

It is a way to express one’s thoughts and emotions safely.

It develops creativity.

It records good ideas.

It helps in developing habits.

It also serves as a mental health tool.


Answers to Check Your Understanding

Lesson 1: Taking a Look at Oneself

Part A

1. Self-concept

2. Charles Horton Cooley

3. pleasers

4. Social identity

5. communication

Part B

1. Accepting what others say about you can be used improve yourself.

Remember that self-awareness is a healthy balance between understanding

yourself and how others see you.

2. Awareness of the self leads to a more conscious way of acting towards

others, instead of passively interacting with them. This results in more

empathy and compassion, a must in any healthy relationship. A person’s

awareness of his own emotional needs, behaviors, interaction patterns, and

a better understanding of the self as a relational being allows one to become

more conscious of his interactions with others, as well as make healthy

decisions that affect the self and others around him.

3. The following affect self-concept and self-esteem: the ways others react to an

individual; the way an individual compares himself to others; and the extent

to which an individual identifies with others.


Part C

1. Experts have come up with different ways for individuals to learn about their

personality types, which are fortunately easily available to us online. The

Myers-Briggs personality exam and introvert-extrovert spectrum, as well as

SWOT analysis and Johari’s Window, are just a few examples. He can even

approach his guidance counsellor in school to assist him with this.

2. One of the factors that affect self-concept and self-esteem is the extent to

which an individual identifies with other people. If Pia is not affected, it

might be because she finds no connection to them or is not in a close

relationship with them. And so, what they say is not considered as feedback

that she can take advantage of.

3. Kevin must be highly self-aware, which means that he has a clear

understanding of himself. The self-discrepancy theory states that people

who are highly self-aware feel more pressure to live up to their ideals as

compared to those who do not know themselves well enough.


Answers to Check Your Understanding


Part A

1. demographics

2. individual differences

3. Albert Bandura or Bandura

4. attention

5. reproduction

Part B

1. Sandra Bierig once said that “To accept ourselves as we are means to value our

imperfections as much as our perfections. “ How do you explain this quote?

This quote means that people should accept their strengths and limitations. Each

person is unique, which means that we should not strive for perfection because

people are not born perfect. Each person is blessed with qualities that are both

pleasing and not. It is up to a person to celebrate his/her strengths and accept

his/her limitations. Accepting and valuing our self is a sign that a person is willing to

adjust to his/her imperfections and not devalue them.

2. Among the three methods of recording your thoughts, which are you likely to

use? Journal writing, blogging, or vlogging? Why?

In this question, a student may choose any of the three options as long as he/she

will be able to explain why he/she is choosing one. The explanation can include the

advantages and disadvantages of one method.

Sample:

I would choose journal writing because it is more private as compared to the other


two. I am a very private person, and I would like my writings to be kept secret.

There is nothing wrong with the other two, but since blogging and vlogging make

use of the Internet, my thoughts can be misinterpreted by other people. This is not

the case with journal writing. I can review what I have written and not have to worry

that it can be misinterpreted by others.

3. Who among the young celebrities would you like to imitate and why?

The student can mention any celebrity and explain why he/she is choosing this

person. The explanation must include achievements or characteristics that would

make the person worthy of being imitated.

Sample:

I would choose Bruno Mars because he is a very talented person. He is small but

packed with talent. His albums have been sold worldwide. He has won numerous

awards. He is creative, energetic, and talented. He is also a nice person because he

gets along with anybody and can work with other superstars as well.

Part C

1. What is the importance of demographics?

Demographics provide us with a quick view of the groupings in community or

society. This is important because the data provided by demographics can be used

for various reasons like marketing, services that the government must provide,

scientific research and the like. For instance, if the local government checks the

data and find out that 40% of their population is composed of unemployed people,

they can find various ways of addressing this problem like allowing more

businesses to operate or providing job fairs.

2. Why is sharing experiences, characteristics, and habits considered as a tool for

learning?


Sharing them can be a source of knowledge. When one is sharing experiences,

characteristics, and habits, he/she offers or presents solutions to problems that can

be imitated by other people. This method is very easy and does not require too

much effort that is why listeners are quick to learn and absorb the possible

solutions that were mentioned when one is sharing experiences. They also begin to

take note of the attitude or characteristics that helped the person in difficult

circumstances.

3. Why is attention an important component of effective modeling?

Attention is the active processing of data. When a person is paying attention,

he/she absorbs what the person is trying to say. The more attentive the person, the

more interested he/she is and the more likely to imitate what he/she is seeing. If a

person is not giving enough attention, the information given or shown will most

likely be forgotten or rejected.


Bibliography

Anne Frank. The story of Anne Frank.

http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Frank/Anne-Franks-history-in-brief/

Delena, M., Neri, S., Palean, E., Nuncio, R., Carpena, J., Boyles, R., and Nuncio, E.

Personal Development Beyond Selfies. Mandaluyong: Anvil, 2017

Deschene, Lori. Develop Self-Awareness and Improve Your Relationships.

https://tinybuddha.com/blog/develop-self-awareness-and-improve-your-

relationships/

ELearning Industry. Sharing Experiences: A Stepping Stone to Social Learning in the

Workplace.

https://elearningindustry.com/sharing-experiences-stepping-stone-to-social-

learning-workplace

Eurich, Tasha. What Self-Awareness Really Is (And How to Cultivate It)

https://hbr.org/2018/01/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to-cultivate-it

Gecas, Viktor. “The Self-Concept.” Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 8 (1982): 1-33.

Isaksen, Joachim Vogt. The Looking Glass Self: How Our Self-Image is Shaped by Society.

http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/05/27/the-looking-glass-self-how-our-

self-image-is-shaped-by-society/

Learning Theories.Social Learning Theory (Bandura).

https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html

Lewis, Debbie. Why Relationships Will Always Be Challenging Without Self-Awareness.

https://welldoing.org/article/why-relationships-will-always-be-challenging-without-

self-awareness

Nguyen, Thai. 12 Self-Awareness Exercises That Fuel Happiness and Success.

https://www.huffingtonpost.com/thai-nguyen/12-self-awareness-exercises-that-

fuel-happiness-and-success_b_9649748.html

http://www.annefrank.org/en/Anne-Frank/Anne-Franks-history-in-brief/

https://tinybuddha.com/blog/develop-self-awareness-and-improve-your-relationships/

https://tinybuddha.com/blog/develop-self-awareness-and-improve-your-relationships/

https://hbr.org/2018/01/what-self-awareness-really-is-and-how-to-cultivate-it

http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/05/27/the-looking-glass-self-how-our-self-image-is-shaped-by-society/

http://www.popularsocialscience.com/2013/05/27/the-looking-glass-self-how-our-self-image-is-shaped-by-society/

https://welldoing.org/article/why-relationships-will-always-be-challenging-without-self-awareness

https://welldoing.org/article/why-relationships-will-always-be-challenging-without-self-awareness

https://www.huffingtonpost.com/thai-nguyen/12-self-awareness-exercises-that-fuel-happiness-and-success_b_9649748.html

https://www.huffingtonpost.com/thai-nguyen/12-self-awareness-exercises-that-fuel-happiness-and-success_b_9649748.html


Poke, Darren. Every Person is Unique (and Why That Matters) (blog).

https://betterlifecoachingblog.com/2014/01/21/every-person-is-unique-and-why-

that-matters/

Positive Psychology Program. Why Self-Awareness Matters and How You Can Be More

Self-Aware. https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/self-awareness-matters-how-

you-can-be-more-self-aware/

Sampthirao, Prabhakararao. “Self-Concept and Interpersonal Communication.” The

International Journal of Indian Psychology, vol. 3 (April-June 2016): 177-189.

Sifferlin, Alexandra. How Mindfulness Protects Your Heart.

http://time.com/3534531/mindfulness-protects-heart-health/

Stangor, Charles. The Cognitive Self: The Self Concept.

https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/chapter/the-cognitive-self-the-self-concept/

Very Well Mind. How Psychologists Define Attention.

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-attention-2795009

Wilderdom. Introduction to Individual Differences.

http://wilderdom.com/personality/L1-1Introduction.html

Your Story. 5 reasons to maintain a journal.

https://yourstory.com/2016/10/reasons-to-maintain-journal/

https://betterlifecoachingblog.com/2014/01/21/every-person-is-unique-and-why-that-matters/

https://betterlifecoachingblog.com/2014/01/21/every-person-is-unique-and-why-that-matters/

https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/self-awareness-matters-how-you-can-be-more-self-aware/

https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/self-awareness-matters-how-you-can-be-more-self-aware/

http://time.com/3534531/mindfulness-protects-heart-health/

https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/chapter/the-cognitive-self-the-self-concept/


Glossary

Attention. It refers to the active processing of specific information about our

surroundings. An increased or decreased the level of attention given to a specific

person, object, action or event affects the imitation of behavior.

Demographics. It is the statistical characteristics of people like age, gender, religion

or socioeconomic status.

Individual differences. It refers to the differences and similarities among people in

a psychological way.

Motivation. It is the push to imitate or duplicate.

Reciprocal Determinism. It emphasized that the person’s behavior and the

world cause each other.

Reproduction. It is the duplication of the object, action, action or event.

Retention. It is described as remembering the person, object, action or event

where attention is given.

Self-awareness. It is the ability to know one’s self extensively, not just regarding

our traits and characteristics, but also knowing our inner state and how we think.

Self-complexity. It is the different ways in which a person thinks about

himself/herself, can be high or low according to researchers.

Self-concept. It is a person’s perception of himself, how one defines and

understands himself as a multi-dimensional (physical, spiritual, emotional, social,

and moral) human being.


Self-efficacy. It is the belief and confidence that a person can accomplish tasks and

control his/her environment.

Self-esteem. It is the value an individual puts on what he knows about himself. It is

a positive or negative self-evaluation of the self-concept that could be based on

one’s performance or behavior or his interactions with others.

Self-worth. It shows how much a person values himself or herself.

unit 1: getting to know one s self

Documents