unit 1 challenges of living in a built environment

Unit 1

Challenges of living in a built environment

Read the passage below, and study the OS map extract.

The nearest large superstores are in Scarborough and Guisborough, bothover 30 kms away from Whitby. A national supermarket chain plans to build a large superstore and petrol station at Site Y in grid square 8810.There will also be a medical centre on the site.

Higher1 B(i) Explain why the company considers this a good location for a new supermarket (3)1 B(ii) Explain how the building of this supermarket may affect the people of Whitby (4)

Foundation1 B(i) Complete the passage below using words from the list. [3]steeply sloping B1460 inner area mountainousoutskirts gently sloping A174 A171

The proposed superstore is located in the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . of Whitby. There is . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . land on which to build it. It lies on the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . road.

(ii) Suggest two ways the proposed plans may benefit the people of Whitby. Explain each way. [4]

Way 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Way 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explanation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expected Answer Marks RationaleFoundation

outskirts (1) gently sloping (1) B1460 (1) 3 Credit one mark for each correctly chosencompletion. No credit if more than one response is chosen from each option.3X1 2S/1A

Provide jobs (1) building the store/working in the store (1).Shorter distances to superstore/no longer travel toScarborough/Gisborough (1) save fuel (1) increased leisuretime (1)Wider choice of goods/more shops (1) compareprices/cheaper shopping (1)Healthier community/people (1) easier access to healthcare(1)Quieter/cleaner air in town (1) fewer cars travelling to oldsupermarket (1)More money into local community.

4 Credit one mark for each way and one for itsexplanation. Ways may relate to map, passage ormay be generic.2K/2ADon't accept vague Q of L statementsDo not credit hospital

Higher

On flat land (1) for easy construction (1) so cheaper to build(1)Close to road (1) for easy access (1) so more attractive tocustomers/easy bringing in of produce (1) On outer edge ofWhitby (1) therefore less congested (1) so more attractive tocustomers (1) large catchment area (1) so lots of customers(1) little or no competition (1) because nearest superstores inScarborough and Guisborough (1)

3 One elaborated plus one simple or one whollyelaborated reason.Maximum of two marks if no map evidence.[1+1+1], [1+1]+13S

Provide jobs (1) building the store (1) working in thestore/medical facility (1) income (1)Shorter distances to superstore/no longer travel toScarborough/Guisborough (1) save fuel (1) increased leisuretime (1)Wider choice of goods (1) compare prices (1) cheapershopping (1)Healthier community/people (1) easier access to healthcare(1)Quieter/cleaner air in town (1) fewer cars travelling to towncentre (1) improves standard of living (1)Noise/air pollution (1) so stressful (1) poor health (1)Litter (1)Local shops lose customers (1) lose profit (1) close down (1)building/construction creates noise (1) traffic (1)

4 Credit at least two separate ways and someelement of explanation.Maximum of 2 marks if no explanation.[1+1+1] or [1+1]x2 (1+1)+1[1+1+1] +12K/2A

1 E) Case StudiesAnswer only one of the questions, either (i) or (ii).Either Tick your choice(i) • Name and locate an area within a city where housing has been improved.• Describe how the housing area in the city has been improved.• Explain why the improvements were needed.Or(ii) • Name and locate an area within a Less Economically Developed Country (LEDC) from which people have moved away.• Describe the effects of this movement on the area they have left.• Explain why they moved away.

Foundation (5)Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Describe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Explain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Higher (8). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expected Answer Marks

Rationale

Foundation

A specific region or country at any stage of economicdevelopment e.g. NE Spain, Mali, NE Brazil.Explanation may be related to people in terms of suchareas as economy, health, social or living environmentconstraints.

5 Levels of response mark scheme. Work upwards from the lowest level. Award geography level first then QWC level. Adjust if necessary.Response insufficient for Level 1 0

Level 1: Choice of case study applied reasonably well. Gives simple description or explanation. Information is communicated by brief statements. (1/2 marks)

Level 2: Appropriate choice of case study applied well. Gives descriptive points with some explanation. Communication includes some use of specialist terms. Some accuracy in spelling, punctuation and grammar. (3/4 marks)

Level 3: Appropriate choice of case study applied very well. Provides a balanced account which includes specific description and explanation. Communication logical and includes specialist terms. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy (5 marks)

May relate to any river or coastal area and its physicalfeatures.Examples may range from those local to the school ormore commonly known features like Niagara Falls andthe Dorset Coast.Description may involve the use of diagrams and theirannotation should be fully credited. Explanation mustrelate to management of the area.

Higher

Award 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or irrelevantMax Level 1 if refer to a country/continent.Allow reference to a whole city but max L3 unless refer toa specific area.A specific LEDC or MEDC city, e.g. Soweto, Sao Paulo,Manchester, Bilbao.Must explain the initial poor condition of the housing areaand outline improvements that have been made.Award 0 marks for services or jobs.Housing environment acceptable.A specific LEDC area of outward migration, either urbanor rural e.g. areas of Sao Paulo or NE Brazil.May describe environmental and/or human/economiceffects on the area and explain in terms of push and/orpull factors.Max level 2 = 4 if MEDC

8 Level 1: Gives basic, generic descriptive or explanation points. Communication is fairly clear and information is communicated by brief statements. There is some accuracy of spelling. (1/2 marks)Level 2: Appropriate case study named. Provides an account which includes some description and or explanation. Communication is more articulate. Some specialist terms are used correctly. There is clear accuracy of spelling, punctuation andgrammar. (3/4 marks)Level 3: Appropriate case study applied well. Provides a balanced account which includeselaborated description and explanation. Communication is logical and has structure. Some specialist terms are used with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar haveconsiderable accuracy. (5/6 marks)Level 4: Appropriate choice of case study applied very well. Provides a sophisticated account which includes wholly accurate description and explanation. Communication is sophisticated and includes regular use of specialist terms with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have almost faultless accuracy. (7/8 marks)

HigherDescribe the location of Lanreath. [3]

FoundationCircle the correct answers in the passage below.Lanreath is a village located in south west England in the county ofDevon / Cornwall / Somerset. It is 8 / 18 / 28 km west of Plymouth, which is the nearestcity. There are no motorways in this area and the closest main road is theA39 / A38 / A386. [3]


Cornwall, 28km, A38 3 Credit one mark for each correct answer however identified.

Higher

Examples: in Cornwall (1), West of Plymouth (1), South of A38 (1), in South-west England (1), 10 km (1), South-east of Bodmin (1) 47 km (1), East of Newquay (1), 27 km (1), West of Plymouth (1) any other accurate direction (1) and distance (1) 10km from A38/coast (1)

3 Credit one mark for each of three simple locational points. Accept +/- 5 km Do not credit ‘near/close to’. Do not credit south of Wales or west of Devon.

SEPTEMBER 2004: LANREATH LOSES BATTLE TO KEEP LOCAL SHOP AND POST OFFICEResidents of Lanreath complained that the recent shop and Post Office closure means that it is now a 4 mile round trip to their nearest shop. Lanreath has already suffered the loss of its pub and local bus service due to falling demand. They are also worried about the future of their 200 year old primary school, which is under threat of closure.

HigherB (i) Village shops sell mainly low order goods. What is meant by the term ‘low ordergoods’? [1](ii) Give and explain two ways in which the loss of services in Lanreath village couldaffect the quality of life for different groups of people living there. [4]

FoundationB (i) Give one service the village had already lost before the local shop and Post Officeclosed. [1](ii) Give one problem that the closure of the village shop and Post Office may causefor local people. Explain how this may affect their quality of life. [2]Problem: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect on quality of life: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) What type of goods do village shops mainly sell? [1]Tick (√) the correct answer in the table below.

Comparison or High Order Goods (goods which are not bought very often e.g. furniture and cars)

Convenience or Low Order Goods (goods which are boughtnearly every day e.g. milk and newspapers)

(iv) The village shop and Post Office have already closed. Explain two ways in whichthe loss of other village services could affect the quality of life of local people. [4]First Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect on Quality of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effect on Quality of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Pub/bus (service) (1) 1 Credit one mark for a correct response. No other services accepted.

Longer time spent travelling (1) so more costly travelling longer distances (1) so not easy to get convenience goods/ inconvenient (1) nowhere to post parcels (1) rely on neighbours/family help (1)

2 Credit one mark for stated problem and one for its explanation

Convenience or Low Order Goods Goods which are bought nearly every day

1 Credit correct response however identified. Do not credit exemplars.

Old people can't drive (1) makes elderly feel isolated (1) Loss of community spirit when pub closes (1) so people feel isolated (1) Children have to travel further to school (1) more time travelling/more costly travelling (1) Loss of jobs for people working in pub/school (1) so less disposable income in village (1) Teenagers have less access to entertainment (1) crime rate goes up (1) so people feel less secure (1)

4 Credit one mark for each way and one for its explanation Do not credit reference to shop or Post Office Do not credit simple statement of loss of service. Do not credit list from text box.

Higher

Convenience goods (1) Items which are bought frequently / nearly every day (1) Low cost items (1) have a small sphere of influence (1), necessities (1)

1 Credit one mark for correct response. Do not credit exemplars. Not ‘cheaper than’. Not ‘quantity’.

School closures: Children will travel further (1) so more expensive / time consuming (1). Teachers / support staff lose jobs (1) so less disposable income(1) Public Transport: Non- car users, e.g. teenagers / very elderly cannot travel (1) so become isolated / rely on others for lifts (1) Pub closures: Adults village meeting point lost (1) so reduces sense of community (1) Village shop Any named local group cannot buy convenience goods locally (1) so more expensive / time-consuming (1) Post Office: Elderly / pensioners cannot access pension locally (1) so must travel / expense / time-consuming (1) Church: Church goers lose place of worship (1) so have weaker sense of community / travel further (1)

4 Credit one mark for each 'way' and one for each explanation for one or more services. Do not credit mark for naming group. Maximum 3 marks if only refers to one group of people. Maximum 2 marks if no named group.

Higher

(ii) Describe the trend of the graph between 1990 and 2010. Use figures in your answer.[3]

Foundation(ii) Describe the pattern of the graph between 1990 and 2010. Use figures in youranswer. [3]


The number of new shops has increased (1) slowly until 2000 (1)from 1 in 1990 to 26 in 2010 (1)

3 Credit one mark for overall increase, one for its qualification and one for accurate use of figures. Max. 2 marks awarded if whole time period not referred to.

Higher

Number of new shops has increased (1) fluctuation (1) slowly at first and then more rapidly (1) from 1 in 1990 to 26 in 2010 (1)

3 Credit one mark for describing overall increase, one for qualifying trend, one for accurate use of figures/calculation. Max 2 marks if no figures used. (1 + 1 + 1)

Higher(i) Explain how the opening of the new shop may have affected the quality of life fordifferent groups of people living in Lanreath. [4](ii) Counter-urbanisation is the increase in people moving from urban areas to livein rural areas. One reason is the improvement in ICT facilities, such as internetbroadband. Suggest one other reason for counter-urbanisation. [1](iii) The population in some rural villages, like Lanreath, is increasing as a result ofcounter-urbanisation. Explain the effects that counter-urbanisation might have ondifferent groups of people living in rural villages. [5]

Foundation(i) Explain two ways in which the opening of a new shop in Lanreath could affect the quality of life of local people. You may use information in the box to help youranswer. [4]An increase in car ownership and improved ICT facilities such as broadband internetmeans there has been an increase in counter-urbanisation in England and Wales.(ii) What is ‘counter-urbanisation’? [1]

(iii) The population of rural villages, like Lanreath, is now increasing as young familiesmove in. Explain the effects that this change might have on rural villages. [4]

People moving from rural to urban areas

The increase in people living in urban areas

People moving from urban to rural areas


outskirts (1) gently sloping (1) B1460 (1) 3 Credit one mark for each correctly chosencompletion. No credit if more than one response is chosen from each option.3X1 2S/1A

Provide jobs (1) building the store/working in the store (1).Shorter distances to superstore/no longer travel toScarborough/Gisborough (1) save fuel (1) increased leisuretime (1)Wider choice of goods/more shops (1) compareprices/cheaper shopping (1)Healthier community/people (1) easier access to healthcare(1)Quieter/cleaner air in town (1) fewer cars travelling to oldsupermarket (1)More money into local community.

4 Credit one mark for each way and one for itsexplanation. Ways may relate to map, passage ormay be generic.2K/2ADon't accept vague Q of L statementsDo not credit hospital

Higher

On flat land (1) for easy construction (1) so cheaper to build(1)Close to road (1) for easy access (1) so more attractive tocustomers/easy bringing in of produce (1) On outer edge ofWhitby (1) therefore less congested (1) so more attractive tocustomers (1) large catchment area (1) so lots of customers(1) little or no competition (1) because nearest superstores inScarborough and Guisborough (1)

3 One elaborated plus one simple or one whollyelaborated reason.Maximum of two marks if no map evidence.[1+1+1], [1+1]+13S

Provide jobs (1) building the store (1) working in thestore/medical facility (1) income (1)Shorter distances to superstore/no longer travel toScarborough/Guisborough (1) save fuel (1) increased leisuretime (1)Wider choice of goods (1) compare prices (1) cheapershopping (1)Healthier community/people (1) easier access to healthcare(1)Quieter/cleaner air in town (1) fewer cars travelling to towncentre (1) improves standard of living (1)Noise/air pollution (1) so stressful (1) poor health (1)Litter (1)Local shops lose customers (1) lose profit (1) close down (1)building/construction creates noise (1) traffic (1)

4 Credit at least two separate ways and someelement of explanation.Maximum of 2 marks if no explanation.[1+1+1] or [1+1]x2 (1+1)+1[1+1+1] +12K/2A

One Brighton is a new housing development. Many of the new homes are rented from a housing association. Study the O.S. map extract below. A full key appears at the back of the booklet (on page 20).

Foundationi) Describe the location of One Brighton. Circle the correct answers in the passage below.[3] The One Brighton development site is on the A270 / A23 / A2010 road. It is 0.2 / 0.8 / 1.4 km from Brighton rail station. The direction of One Brighton from the rail station is south / north / west. (iii) One Brighton has been built on a Brownfield site. What is meant by Brownfield site? [1] (iv) Explain two ways in which One Brighton is well located for the use of local transport. [4] Higher

(i) Give the six figure grid reference for One Brighton. [1] (ii) Residents of One Brighton are encouraged to use sustainable transport. Use map evidence

to explain one way they could achieve this. [2] (iii) Many residents of One Brighton rent their home from a housing association. Explain two

advantages of renting your home. [4]


A270 / 0.2 / north 3 Credit one mark for each correctly identified answer.

An area that has been built on before / rebuilding on a derelict site. 1 Definition must refer to the fact that the site had a previous use / was built upon previously.

It is close to Brighton railway station (1) / so commuters can easily walk to a train station (1) It is close to London Road station (1) so people can travel to other areas (1) It is close to Brighton bus station (1) so people can catch the bus to local destinations (1) It is within walking distance of Brighton city centre (1) so people can walk to shops / work (1) It is next to a road (1) more accessible (1).

4 Credit one mark for each statement and one for each explanation.

Higher

311053 1 Credit accurate use of accurate six figure reference to one place in third and sixth digit. Accept accurate 8 figure grid references.

The development is only 300 + or - 50 m from the rail station (1) at 310050 (1) so they can use the train (1) which gives less emissions/less CO2/uses less fuel (1). The development is 0.9 – 1.5km from the town / city centre (TH) (1) so residents can walk/cycle (1).

2 Credit one mark for an accurate use of map evidence and one mark for an elaboration. (1+1) Must use distance / direction / 4 fig grid reference / or 6 fig (accurate to one place in 3rd and 6th digit)

Housing Association rent is set at a ‘fair’ value (1) so tenants find it affordable (1). Repairs are made by the owner (1) so tenants do not have unexpected/ large expenses (1). Contracts may be short (1) so tenants can move house at relatively short notice (1) is easier to move than if you are a home owner (1). Accept renting is cheaper.

4 Credit one mark for each way and one for each explanation. (1+1) x 2

FoundationChoose one design feature from the photograph. Explain how it creates a strong sense of community for the people who live at One Brighton. [2] (iii) One Brighton was built on a derelict railway yard. Brighton City Council encourages the use of land which has already been used when new housing is planned. Explain why. [4]

HigherSuggest how one of these features helps to make One Brighton a sustainable housing community. [3] One Brighton is built on the site of an old railway yard. Explain why many local authorities prefer to give planning permission to housing developments on Brownfield sites rather than Greenfield sites. [5]


Rooftop allotments … so people meet one another (1) and share gardening skills / tools (1). Balconies face each other … so people can look out for / watch (elderly) neighbours (1) get to know / recognise each other (1). Its own community centre … so people can look out for / watch (elderly) neighbours (1) get to know / recognise / meet each other (1). Access to green walkways…chance to meet

2 Credit simple explanation (1) and elaboration/development (1). Do not credit repetition of statement from resource. Explanation must be of how the feature benefits the community.

Description: The land is derelict / a mess / an eyesore. Less green space is being used. Simple explanation: (It repairs / restores damaged) urban sites. It saves using any more Greenfield sites. It prevents the spread of the suburbs / urban sprawl. Re-uses land. Detailed explanation: Applies the answer to Brighton in some way e.g. It removes pollution from the old railway site / It solves a housing shortage in Brighton / It regenerates the economy for local workers.

4 Levels of response marking. Work upwards through the levels. Award 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or irrelevant Level 1: gives simple description (1 mark) Level 2: gives simple explanation, lacking in detail (2/3 marks) Level 3: gives detailed and specific explanation (4 marks)

Higher

Rooftop allotments so …people meet one another and create a strong community (1) and share gardening skills / tools (1) buy less food that has been transported from outside the locality (1) Rain water is collected so…it can be used to flush toilets/water allotments (1) so less mains/treated water is used (1) cheaper if you have a water meter (1) so this is sustainable because people use treated water faster than it is replaced naturally (1) especially in SE England (1) takes pressure off scarce resources (1). Electricity is generated on site using renewable technologies so… less electricity has to be used from the national grid (1) much of which is made using non-renewables (1) so this is sustainable because renewables have lower emissions/CO2 (1) residents take more responsibility for how much energy they use/waste (1). Its own community centre provides a meeting point (1) … so people can discuss issues and concerns (1) look out for / watch (elderly) neighbours (1) get to know / recognise / meet each other and strengthen community spirit (1). Mixture of housing association and owner-occupied properties so … creates a community of mixed socio-economic groups (1) reduces differences between rich and poor / increases social cohesion (1).

Provide affordable housing (1) Don’t have to move out of area to buy a house (1)

3 Do not credit lifting from the photo. 1+1+1 (1+1) + 1 (1+1+1) Must refer to only one of the features

5

HigherAnswer only one of the questions, either (i) or (ii). You will be assessed on your spelling, punctuation and accurate use of grammar in this question. Either, Tick (√) your choice (i) For an area of a town or city that has changed recently: • Name the area and the town/city; • Describe how the area has changed; • Explain why different groups of people have a range of views on the changes. Or, (ii) For a rural area where the environment is under pressure from visitors: • Name the area; • Describe ways the environment is managed to reduce the pressure caused by visitors. • Explain why this management is needed. [8+3]

FoundationCase Studies Answer only one of the questions, either (i) or (ii). You will be assessed on your spelling, punctuation and accurate use of grammar in this question. Either, Tick (√) your choice (i) For an area of a town or city which has changed recently: • Name the area; • Describe how the area has changed; • Explain why the area changed. Or, (ii) For a rural area where the environment is under pressure from visitors: • Name the area; • Describe ways this environment is managed to reduce the pressure caused by visitors. • Explain why this management is needed. [5+3]


i) Accept urban change example located in a country at any level of economic development. Description – location / key facts / features of either urban environment or its population. Explanation – reasons for the changes (e.g. need to improve health /QoL in a shanty town). (ii) Accept visitor pressure in any rural area / National Park / Coastal area or honeypot site. Could be trampling of sand dunes or footpath erosion in uplands. Description – of the management strategies. Explanation – reasons for damage e.g. explanation of honeypot site or of the processes of footpath erosion.

5 Levels of response mark scheme. Work upwards from the lowest level. Award QWC as an integral part of a best fit decision. Award 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or irrelevant Level 1: Gives a generic description or explanation point. Communication is basic: there is little or no structure and/or ideas are communicated in brief statements/bullet points. (1 mark) Level 2: Gives a range of generic descriptive or explanation points. Information is communicated by brief statements. There is a basic structure. There is reasonable accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar. (2/3 marks) Level 3: Provides an account which includes some description or explanation specific to the place. Communication is clear and logical. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (4/5 marks)

Higher

Levels of response mark scheme. Work upwards from the lowest level. Award QWC as an integral part of a best fit decision. Award 0 marks if the answer is incorrect or irrelevant 0 groups = L1 = 2; 1 group = L2 = 4 max Max level 1=2 if student writes about a village e.g. in a rural area. Max level 1=2 if student writes about an urban area under pressure from visitors. Must give at least 2 viewpoints to access L3/4. 0 groups max L1=2. Level 1: Gives a range of generic descriptive or explanation points. Information is communicated by brief statements. There is a basic structure. There is reasonable accuracy of spelling, punctuation and grammar. (1/2 marks) Level 2: Provides an account which includes some description or explanation specific to the place. Communication is clear and logical. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (3/4 marks) Level 3: Provides an account which includes description and explanation specific to the place. Communication is clear, logical and has structure. Specialist terms are used with proficiency. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have considerable accuracy. (5/6 marks) Level 4: Provides a balanced account which includes elaborated description and explanation specific to the place. Communication is very clear, sophisticated and well structured. Specialist terms are used adeptly. Spelling, punctuation and grammar have consistent accuracy. (7/8 marks)

8 Credit reference to any green fields development or urban redevelopment or regeneration project where there are clearly held views by more than one stakeholder e.g. success or otherwise of redevelopment of Stratford area of London for 2012 Olympics. Credit visitor pressure to a rural area / ecosystem / National Park / coastline / honeypot site. The case study could be in the UK (e.g. sand dune ecosystem at Ynyslas) or abroad (e.g. barrier reef). Management strategies must be explained.

unit 1 challenges of living in a built environment

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