unit 1 1.1 business activity - chase terrace academy

CTA Business Unit 1 – 1.1 – Business Activity

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Role of Business Enterprise and

Entrepreneurship

Business Planning

Business Aims and Objectives

Stakeholders in Business

Business Ownership

Business Growth



Key Vocabulary and Definitions

Meaning

Business Something which provides a service or product, in order to make a profit and satisfy the needs of customers.

Enterprise The process of identifying a new business opportunity and taking advantage of it

Entrepreneur A person who takes the risk of starting and running a business.

Risk and Reward The potential downsides of benefits to starting a business.

Opportunity A need for a particular product or service that customers want

Financial Rewards Monetary gains from starting your own business

Non-Financial Rewards Non-monetary benefits of starting your own business, such as independence.

Business Plan A simple plan which sets out details om the product or service being sold, where the finance is to come from to start the business, how

the product or service is to be marketed, and the market research to show there is a need for what is being sold.

Limited Liability The responsibility for the debts of a business are limited to the amount invested by a shareholder.

Unlimited Liability Responsibility for all the debts of a business rests with the owners of the business.

Sole Trader A business owned by one person

Partnership A business owned by two or more people

LLP Limited Liability Partnership, where the owners are members not partners and have limited liability.

LTD Private Limited Company – Owned by at least two shareholders. Shares cannot be sold to the general public

PLC Public Limited Company – Shares can be sold to the general public.

Share An individual part of the total issued share capital of a company

Shareholder The owners of a private or public limited company

Stakeholder Groups of people or individuals who have an interest in a business

Internal Stakeholder People with an interest in and who work in the business



External Stakeholder People with an interest in but who are outside of the business

Aims A long-term goal that a company wants to achieve

Objectives Short term goals a business sets to help them achieve their aim

Profit The difference between revenue and costs

Survival The business can pay its costs but has nothing left

Growth The business becomes larger

Providing a Service Where a business makes sure that the needs of the customer are being met.

Market Share The share of the total market for a product or service and is shown as a percentage.

Owner Person or people who own a business.

Employee A worker in a business.

Customer Individual or company that purchases a product or service from a business.

Supplier A business that sells product s to other businesses.

Organic Growth Internal growth using own resources i.e. opening more shops

Merger Two or more businesses agreeing to join together

Takeover One business takes control of another

Diversification Two businesses coming together with no connection

Horizontal merger Two businesses in the same production sector joining together

Vertical Merger Two businesses in different production sectors joining together

CTA Business Unit 1.2 Marketing


Role of Marketing

Market Research

Secondary sources include census data, websites,

internal data and newspapers.

Pros: cheap and already available to use

Cons: not exactly what you need and could be out

of date

Market Segmentation

Marketing Mix – Product

Marketing Mix - Price

Marketing Mix – Place

Marketing Mix – Promotion




Meaning

Marketing Finding the needs of customers and demonstrating how a business fulfils those needs in order to increase sales

Market Research The collection of data to help business decisions

Target Market The group of customers who a business aims to sell its products to

Primary Research Data collected first-hand (field research)

Secondary Research Data collected by others (desk research)

Questionnaire A question sheet filled in by the consumer.

Interview Where consumers are asked questions and the person asking the questions fills in the answers.

Trials A product or service is sold for a short period of time as a test to see whether of not consumers like the product.

Focus Groups Selected small groups of consumers who give their opinion on products.

Census Data Data collected by the government every ten years, questioning the entire population on their income, occupation etc.

Internal Data Data already within a business based on past performance.

Qualitative Data Data based on opinions of those being asked

Quantitative Data Data based on facts or numbers

Market Segmentation Splitting the market for a product into different parts, or segments

Marketing Mix The 4 Ps of Price, Place, Product and Promotion.

Competitor Pricing A price is set based on prices charged by competitors

Cost Plus Pricing Adding a percentage of profit onto the total costs of making a product

Penetration Pricing A price is set lower than competitors

Skimming A high price is charged initially for those customers who want the latest products

Promotional Pricing Prices are reduced to give sales a boost

Innovation The improvement of an original idea, which will often involve using new processes.

Design An important element in a number of different products, where style and technology work together.

Invention The introduction of a totally new product or feature.

Product Life Cycle The life of a product , usually shown as a graph, divied up inot 4 stages: introduction, growth, maturity and decline.

Distribution How goods and services reach the customer.

Physical Distribution Distribution of goods using a physical presence, such as a shop or office



Digital Distribution Distribution of goods and services digitally by downloading from a website

Promotion How a business informs its customers about a product or service.

Point of Sale Promotions Price reductions, loss leaders, competitions, free sample

Advertising Any "paid-for method of promotion

Advertising Campaign A series of advertisements often using different advertising media

Advertising Media The methods by which a business can advertise a product

Market Share The percentage of total sales of a product that a business has made.

CTA Business Unit 1. 3 People


Role of Human Resources

Organisational Structures

Communication

Recruitment & Selection

Motivation & Retention

Training & Development

Employment Law




Meaning

Human Resources The workers employed by a business

Human Resources Plan A plan detailing the workers a business will need i.e. how many, when, full time or part time and the skills they need

Functions Different types of work that need to be done in a business i.e. Marketing, production and finance

Organisation Chart A diagram to show how workers are organised in a business

Authority The power that one person has to make decisions

Chain of command The order of authority from top to bottom

Subordinates The workers that a line manager is responsible for

Span of Control The number of people a manager is in charge of

Delegation Giving someone else permission to make a decision

Flexible Working The practice of people working partly at their place of work and partly elsewhere, possibly at home.

Full time working When a person works 35 hours or more per week.

Part time working When a person works fewer than 35 hours per week

Temporary working When a person only works for a short period of time for an employer either on a short term contract or day to day as needed.

Communication The transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver

Written communication Communication by written words i.e. Text, email, letters

Verbal communication Communication by speaking ie. telephone or meetings

Digital Communication The exchange of information electronically using ICT.

Formal communication Communication using the official channels within a business



Informal communication Communication outside the official channels within business

Internal Communication Communication between people in the same organisation

External Communication Communication between people in an organisation and others outside that organisation.

Vertical Communication Communication up or down the hierarchy within an organization

Horizontal Communication Communication between people on the same level of the hierarchy in an organisation.

Selection The process of choosing between applicants for a job

Job description Lists the main duties, tasks and responsibilities of a worker

Person specification Lists the qualities, qualifications and knowledge that a person should have

CV Document on which the applicant outlines their personal details, experience and skills.

Motivation How workers are encouraged to work hard

Retention When workers choose to stay in a firm rather than move elsewhere

Productivity A measure of output per worker

Labout Turnover A measure of the proportion of staff who leave a firm each year.

Training short term teaching focused on helping a worker do his job well

Development Long term training focused on helping a worker realise their potential

On-the-job Traing Training while working

Off-the-job Training Training away from the job

Induction training Training to introduce the worker to the business

Employment law Laws designed to protect workers from employers who may treat them unfairly

Discrimination When one worker is treated differently from another for no acceptable reason

Contract of employment A legal agreement between an employer and an employee

CTA Business Unit 2.1 Operations


Production Processes

Quality of Goods and Services

The Sales Process and Customer Service

Consumer Law

Business Location

Working with Suppliers




Meaning

Production the process of turning raw materials into saleable products and services

Job production Making products individually

Batch production Making one type of product then switching to make a different product

Flow production The production of one product on a continuous assembly line

Automation Production involving machinery not controlled by a person

Quality a product being fit for purpose and working in a way that it is supposed to

Quality control A system for inspecting the quality of goods and services

Quality assurance An approach that involves the whole business focusing on quality

Returns Goods which customers take back to the shop because of problems

Recalls The business asks for products to be returned because of faults

E-commerce Bringing together the buyer and seller electronically

Customer service What a business does to keep customers happy

Face-to-face selling Usually completed in a shop where there is direct contact between buyer and seller

Telesales Sales completed over the telephone

After-sales service Any help and advice given to customers after they have bought a product

Product Knowledge The detailed knowledge of a product/ service that staff within a business use to help persuade a customer to buy.

Consumer law the are of law which protects customers

Fit for purpose This means that goods must do what they are meant to do



As described This means goods must be as the business describes

Satisfactory quality of

goods This means that how the goods are made will reflect the price

Reputation What customers say about a business

Location refers to the place where a business is sited

Proximity Means ‘nearness to’

Labour The people employed by the business to produce goods and services

Raw materials Materials needed to produce saleable goods and services

Transport infrastructure The provision of roads, railways, ports and airports

Logistics The management of the transportation and storage of goods

Procurement The management of purchasing within a business

Suppliers Parties who supply goods and/or services to a business

CTA Business Unit 2.2 Finance


The Role of the Finance Function

Sources of Finance

Revenue, Costs and Profit

Breakeven

Cash Flow




Meaning

Finance function is the finance department and is only found in larger businesses

Financial Information Includes details of profit, loss, cash flow, break-even, profit margin and average rate of return. These can be used to help make business decisions.

Revenue Money from sales

Average rate of return A method of measuring and comparing the profitability of an investment over its life

Loss Occurs in a business when costs are greater than revenue

Expenses The costs of operating the business

Profitability ratios Calculations which help to interpret financial data

Interest The amount of money that has to be paid back on borrowed money

Sale of assets Items sold by the business

Crowd funding Money raised through an appeal to public

Overdraft An arrangement with a bank to spend more money than it has in its account

Retained profit Profit not distributed to owners

Loan Sums borrowed for a certain period at an agreed rate of interest

Owners’ capital Money from savings put into the business by the owner

Break-even forecast A prediction about the break-even quantity based on estimates of future sales revenues and costs

Break-even quantity The amount a business must sell to earn enough revenue to cover its costs

Margin of safety The amount by which a business’ actual output is greater than its break-even output

Cash flow forecast shows the expected flow of money into and out of a business



Inflows Cash flowing into the business

Outflows Cash flowing out of the business

Expenditure Money that the business pays out

Opening balance Cash available at the start of the month

Closing balance Cash available at the end of the month

CTA Business Unit 2.3 Influences


Ethical and Environmental Considerations

The Economic Climate

Globalisation




Meaning

Ethics What is right and wrong

Ethical marketing Marketing activities that seek to give customers information to make good choices

Environmentally friendly Describes consumers and businesses that act to make production sustainable

Sustainable production When production does not lead to the depletion (using up) of natural resources.

Ethical Businesses Businesses that behave in a morally correct way.

Economic climate refers to how well the country is doing in terms of the levels of income and employment

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the amount of goods and services a country produces

Income The amount of money people receive from work

Customers Buyers of goods and services

Consumer income The total amount of income that all customers in the country receive

Globalisation the process by which business activity around the world has become increasingly interconnected

International branding Creating an image or values for a product in different countries

Multinational companies Businesses that operate in different countries

Productivity A measure of output of each worker on average

Free trade The absence of restrictions on trade between countries

unit 1 1.1 business activity - chase terrace academy

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