uniform mechanical code- 2009 appendix d
TRANSCRIPT
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337
APPENDIX D
UNIT CONVERSION TABLES
Sl SYMBOLS AND PREFIXES
BASE UNITS
Quantity Unit Symbol
Length Meter mMass Kilogram kgTime Second sElectric current Ampere AThermodynamic temperature Kelvin KAmount of substance Mole molLuminous intensity Candela cd
SI PREFIXES
Multiplication Factor Prefix Symbol
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 1018 exa E1 000 000 000 000 000 = 1015 peta P
1 000 000 000 000 = 1012 tera T1 000 000 000 = 109 giga G
1 000 000 = 106 mega M1 000 = 103 kilo k
100 = 102 hecto h10 = 101 deka da
0.1 = 10-1 deci d0.01 = 10-2 centi c
0.001 = 10-3 milli m0.000 001 = 10-6 micro
0.000 000 001 = 10-9 nano n0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 pico p
0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-15 femto f 0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-18 atto a
SI SUPPLEMENTARY UNITS
Quantity Unit Symbol
Plane angle Radian radSolid angle Steradian sr
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CONVERSION FACTORS
UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE
338
APPENDIX D
Sl DERIVED UNIT WITH SPECIAL NAMES
Quantity Unit Symbol Formula
Frequency (of a periodic phenomenon) hertz Hz l/sForce newton N kgm/s2
Pressure, stress pascal Pa N/m2
Energy, work, quantity of heat joule J NmPower, radiant flux watt W J/sQuantity of electricity, electric charge coulomb C AsElectric potential, potential difference,
electromotive force volt V W/ACapacitance farad F C/VElectric resistance ohm V/AConductance siemens S A/VMagnetic flux weber Wb VsMagnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m2
Inductance henry H Wb/ALuminous flux lumen lm cdsrIlluminance lux lx lm/m2
Activity (of radionuclides) becquerel Bq l/sAbsorbed dose gray Gy J/kg
To convert To Multiply by
LENGTH
1 mile (U.S. statute) km 1.609 3471 yd m 0.91441 ft m 0.3048
mm 304.81 in mm 25.4
AREA
1 mile2 (U.S. statute) km2 2.589 991 acre (U.S. survey) ha 0.404 687
m2 4046.871 yd2 m2 0.836 1271 ft2 m2 0.092 9031 in2 mm2 645.16
VOLUME, MODULUS OF SECTION
1 acre ft m3 1233.491 yd3 m3 0.764 555100 board ft m3 0.235 974
1 ft3 m3 0.028 316 8L (dm3) 28.3168
1 in3 mm3 16 387.1mL (cm3) 16.3871
1 barrel (42 U.S. gallons) m3 0.158 987
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CONVERSION FACTORS (Continued)
To convert To Multiply by
(FLUID) CAPACITY
1 gal (U.S. Liquid)** L* 3.785 411 qt (U.S. Liquid) mL 946.3531 pt (U.S. Liquid) mL 473.1771 fl oz (U.S.) mL 29.5735411 gal (U.S. Liquid) m3 0.003 785**1 gallon (UK) approx. 1.2 gal (U.S.), *1 liter = 0.001 cubic meters
SECOND MOMENT OF AREA
1 in4 mm4 416 231m4 0.416 231 x 10-6
PLANE ANGLE
1 (degree) rad 0.017 453 3mrad 17.4533
1' (minute) urad 290.8881" (second) urad 4.848 14
VELOCITY, SPEED
1 ft/s m/s 0.30481 mile/h km/h 1.609 344
m/s 0.447 04
VOLUME RATE OF FLOW
1 ft3/s m3/s 0.028 316 81 ft3/min L/s 0.471 9471 gal/min L/s 0.063 090 21 gal/min m3/min 0.00381 gal/h mL/s 1.051 501 million gal/d L/s 43.81261 acre ft/s m3/s 1233.49
TEMPERATURE INTERVAL
F C (F-32)(5/9)K Add 273.15 to C
EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE (tc = Tk - 273.15)
tF 9/5 tc + 32MASS
1 ton (short***) metric ton 0.907 185kg 907.185
1 Ib kg 0.453 5921 oz g 28.3495***1 long ton (2240 Ib) kg 1016.05
MASS PER UNIT AREA
1 Ib/ft2 kg/m2 4.882 431 oz/yd2 g/m2 33.90571 oz/ft2 g/m2 305.152
CONVERSION TABLES APPENDIX D
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CONVERSION FACTORS (continued)
To convert To Multiply by
DENSITY (MASS PER UNIT VOLUME)1 Ib/ft3 kg/m3 16.01851 Ib/yd3 kg/m3 0.593 2761 ton/yd3 t/m3 1.186 55
FORCE
1 tonf (ton-force) kN 8.896 441 kip (1,000 lbf) kN 4.448 221 lbf (pound-force) N 4.448 22
MOMENT OF FORCE, TORQUE
1 lbfft Nm 1.355 821 lbfin Nm 0.112 9851 tonfft kNm 2.711 64
1 kipft kNm 1.355 82FORCE PER UNIT LENGTH
1 lbf/ft N/m 14.59391 Ibf/in N/m 175.1271 tonf/ft kN/m 29.187 8
PRESSURE,STRESS, MODULUSOFELASTICITY (Force per Unit Area) (1Pa=1N/m2)
1 tonf/in2 MPa 13.78951 tonf/ft2 kPa 95.76051 kip/in2 MPa 6.894 761 lbf/in2 kPa 6.894 761 lbf/ft2 Pa 47.8803Atmosphere kPa 101.3250
1 inch mercury kPa 3.376 851 foot (water column @32F) kPa 2.988 98
WORK, ENERGY, HEAT (1J = 1Nm = 1Ws)
1 kWh (550 ftlbf/s) Mj 3.61 Btu (Int. Table) kJ 1.055 06
J 1055.061 ftlbf J 1.355 82
COEFFICIENT OF HEAT TRANSFER
1 Btu/(ft2hF) W/(m2K) 5.678 26
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
1 Btu/(fthF) W/(mK) 1.730 73
ILLUMINANCE
1 lm/ft2 (footcandle) lx (lux) 10.7639
LUMINANCE
1 cd/ft2 cd/m2 10.76391 foot lambert cd/m2 3.426 261 lambert kcd/m2 3.183 01
UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE
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APPENDIX D
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*The thickness of the sheets set forth in the code correspond to the thickness shown under these columns. They arethe approximate minimum thicknesses and are based on the following references:
Carbon Sheet SteelThickness 0.071 inch and over:ASTM A 568-74, Table 3, Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon Steel).
Carbon Sheet SteelThickness less than 0.071 inch:ASTM A 568-74, Table 23, Thickness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength Low Alloy).
Galvanized Sheet SteelAll thicknesses:ASTM A 525-79, Table 4, Thickness Tolerances of Hot-Dip Galvanized Sheet.
Minimum thickness is the difference between the thickness equivalent of each gauge and the maximum negativetolerance for the widest rolled width.
CONVERSION TABLES APPENDIX D
341
Approximate Minimum Thickness (Inch) for Carbon Sheet Steel Correspondingto Manufacturers Standard Gauge and Galvanized Sheet Gauge Numbers
Carbon Sheet Steel Galvanized Sheet
Manufacturers Decimal and Nominal Recommended Minimum Galvanized Decimal and Nominal Recommended MinimumStandard Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equivalent* Sheet Thickness Equivalent Thickness Equivalent*
Gauge No. (Inch) (Inch) Gauge No. (Inch) (Inch)
8 0.1644 0.156 8 0.1681 0.159
9 0.1495 0.142 9 0.1532 0.144
10 0.1345 0.127 10 0.1382 0.129
11 0.1196 0.112 11 0.1233 0.114
12 0.1046 0.097 12 0.1084 0.099
13 0.0897 0.083 13 0.0934 0.084
14 0.0747 0.068 14 0.0785 0.070
15 0.0673 0.062 15 0.0710 0.065
16 0.0598 0.055 16 0.0635 0.058
17 0.0538 0.050 17 0.0575 0.053
18 0.0478 0.044 18 0.0516 0.04719 0.0418 0.038 19 0.0456 0.041
20 0.0359 0.033 20 0.0396 0.036
21 0.0329 0.030 21 0.0366 0.033
22 0.0299 0.027 22 0.0336 0.030
23 0.0269 0.024 23 0.0306 0.027
24 0.0239 0.021 24 0.0276 0.024
25 0.0209 0.018 25 0.0247 0.021
26 0.0179 0.016 26 0.0217 0.019
27 0.0164 0.014 27 0.0202 0.017
28 0.0149 0.013 28 0.0187 0.016
29 0.0172 0.01430 0.0157 0.013
inches x 25.4 = mm
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