Unification of Germany and Italy Test Study Guide Chapters 10 Nationalism – Chapter 10 What is Nationalism? - Strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country

1) Otto von Bismarck – the unification of Germany a. What was Bismarck’s political philosophy? – Realpolitik b. What is Realpolitik? – realistic politics c. Who does Prussia defeat in the Franco-Prussian War? – France d. What contributed to German’s industrialization? – substantial coal and iron reserves e. What was the Kulturkampf? – weaken the influence of the Catholic church f. What was the goal of William II’s foreign policy? – winning overseas colonies for Germany (empire

building) g. How did the German government encourage development? – protected their industries from foreign

competition h. What types of reform did Bismarck implement? – social and economic i. What was William II’s view of German unification? – he believed in a master Reich centered around

him j. How did the following wars help Prussia to unite Germany? –

i. Austro-Prussian war – Prussia gained control of several other German states ii. Franco-Prussian War – the victory finally convinced the German princes to unite into one

empire under William I k. What was Bismarck’s policy domestic policy toward Catholics and socialists? – Ensure that all

citizen’s allegiance was to the state

2) Cavour AND Garibaldi - the unification of Italy (Cavour – North / Garibaldi – South) a. Why was Italy hard to unite into a SINGLE country? – regional differences, gap between rich and

poor, Papal states b. Who led the expulsion of the Austrians from Italy? – Camillo Cavour c. Who led the “Redshirts” in the creation of an Italian Republic? – Giuseppe Garibaldi d. Who was Emperor of Austria and king of Hungary? – Francis Joseph e. Describe the tension between regionalism and nationalism in Italy?

i. Most Italians felt stronger ties to their region ii. It was hard for them to move beyond regional loyalties to solve critical national issues

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