unification of italy and germany
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Unification of Italy and Germany. 692-695, 700-704 Objective: to explore the unification of Italy and Germany and how Nationalism contributed to it. 1800’s Germany is not yet a country - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Unification of Italy and Germany
692-695, 700-704Objective: to explore the unification of Italy
and Germany and how Nationalism contributed to it.
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1800’s Germany is not yet a country
Congress of Vienna created the German Confed. = loose collection of German speaking states + Austria and Prussia
1830’s Prussia created the Zollverein (unite German states economically )
1848 – Frankfurt Assembly attempted to unify Germany politically - offer throne to Frederick William IV (Prussia) – rejected crown, “from the gutter”
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Otto von Bismarck
• Junker – became Prime Minister under King William I – later becomes chancellor
• Followed policy of “blood and iron” to unite Germany under Prussia
• Realpolitik • Prussia had German nationalism,
industrialization/army on their side.
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Expansion
• Short-lived alliance w/ Austria v. Denmark. Why?
• Austria –Holstein Prussia – Schleswig• 1866 – Austro-Prussian War- “Seven Weeks War” gives Prussia more
annexed territory
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Franco-Prussian War
• 1867 Southern Germany wouldn’t join Prussia. Needed war to gain support from South.
• “Ems Dispatch”• July 19, 1890 France declares war. Franco-
Prussian War dominated by Prussians. Capture 80,000 soldiers and Napoleon III.
• South Germany joins Prussia.
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The Second Reich• William I becomes Kaiser, or
emperor• January 1871 – Second Reich
(empire) formed• Constitution sets up
bicameral legislature – Reichstag (lower house) elected by universal male suffrage
• Balance of Power in Europe tilted towards Germany/U.K.
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Italy
Not unified politically since ancient Rome
1820 and 1848 Nationalist revolts against foreign (Austrian) rule
Secret society “Young Italy” founded by Giuseppe Mazzini
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•Camillo di Cavour becomes Prime Minister of Sardinia under Victor Emmanuel II.
•Reformed Sardinia’s economy, modernized
•1858 – deal with France , allowed for annexation of Lombardy following war with Austria
•Southern Italy united by Giuseppe Garibaldi after capture of Sicily w/ help of Red Shirts.
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Garibaldi – union of Italy
• Distrust of Cavour, respect of Victor Emmanuel. Gives up hopes of Republic for united Italy. Gives up the south and retires.
• Venetia joins following Austro-Prussian war
• Rome joins following retreat of French in Franco-Prussian war
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Problems
• Pope resented seizure of Papal States and Rome
• Urged all Italians not to cooperate with government
• Constitutional Monarchy – two house legislature, only small amount of men could vote – leads to unrest