undp/gef project «removing barriers to energy efficiency ...within last two years, un development...
TRANSCRIPT
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UNDP/GEF PROJECT«Removing barriers to energy efficiencyin municipal heat and hot water supply»
«Identification of the interest, possibilities and willingnessof heat power producers and customers to strengthen the
energy efficiency for reduction of municipal payments,upgrade of enterprises
and impact decrease of global climate»
Report on research results
Astana, 2008
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Composite authors:
Leonid Gurevich – Ph.D. in Historical sciences, Pr. of Sociology, Member of SociologicalAcademy of the RoK, President, BISAM Central Asia Company
Tatyana Otenko � General Director, BISAM Central Asia CompanyNatalia Terova � Head of Corporate Market Research Department, BISAM Central Asia
CompanyGulmira Bolatbayeva – Head of Field Department, BISAM Central Asia Company
Consulting Board:
Haoling Xu –Resident Representative, UNDP KazakhstanSteliana Nedera –Deputy Resident Representative, UNDP KazakhstanInkar Kadyrzhanova – Head of Energy and Environment Protection Department, UNDP
KazakhstanVictoria Baigazina – Program Associate of Energy and Environment Protection Department,
UNDP Kazakhstan Murat Ospanov – Deputy Chairman, ARNM of the RoK, National Coordonator of UNDP\GEF
Project on Energy EfficiencyAnatolyi Shkarupa – Director of Electric and Heat Power Regulation Department, ARNM of
the RoKKalila Kokkozova – Deputy Director of Electric and Heat Power Regulation Department,
ARNM of the RoKLyubov Inyutina – Project Manager, UNDP\GEF Project on Energy EfficiencyАlexandr Belyi – PR�expert, UNDP\GEF Project on Energy EfficiencyNatalya Druz – Expert on social issues, UNDP\GEF Project on Energy EfficiencyАinur Amirkhanova – Project Assistant, UNDP\GEF Project on Energy Efficiency
Technical support:
E�processing of data – Polina LyubetzkayaEnglish translation – Alexandra MakeevaEditor – Valentina PopinevskayaComputer�aided make�up – Maria Bauer
The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily representthe views of UNDP
Printed in «MAX» LPPAddress: Astana, Zhangyldin str., 16�23, tel.: 8 /7172/ 32 67 24
с UNDP, 2008
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EXPRESSION OF THANKS
Within last two years, UN Development Program in Kazakhstan with financial assistance ofGlobal Environment Facility is implementing the project «Removing the barriers to energyefficiency in municipal heat and hot water supply». The key beneficiary in Kazakhstan is theAgency of the RoK for regulation of natural monopolies. One of results of this joint work is aconducting of social study «Identification of the interest, possibilities and willingness of heatpower producers and customers to strengthen the energy efficiency for reduction of municipalpayments, upgrade of enterprises and impact decrease of global climate» within one of ProjectComponents.
UNDP\GEF Project initiated this study; the project experts developed the conceptual basisand proposed the research direction and list of target groups.
This study was possible thanks BISAM Central Asia Company – Centre of business information,social and marketing studies, which was invited on behalf of Project to execute this work. Incourse of joint work, BISAM Central Asia Company proposed the research tools approved bythe Customer, made questionnaire survey and further analysis of received data. UNDP\GEFProject would like to expires its thanks to the personnel of BISAM Central Asia Company forservices made.
UNDP\GEF Project team is expressing its thanks to UN Development Program for assistanceand consultations in researches arrangement.
Separate gratitude is to be expressed to the Agency of the RoK for regulation of naturalmonopolies which officials actively participated in the discussions of study results.
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CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 42. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 63. DETAILED SECTION ............................................................................................... 93.1. The assessment of current situation in the sphere of energyeffectiveness (heat supply) ........................................................................................ 93.1.1. Legal and normative framework ....................................................................... 93.1.2. The attitude of heat market participants to energy saving ................................. 133.2. The level of complex understanding of heat energy producers and customersof the mechanisms of strengthening energy effectiveness in buildings heat supply.Problem spots of this understanding ......................................................................... 143.2.1.Strong and weak spots of the existing heat supply system ................................ 143.2.2. Energysaving: understanding and attitude of different categories ofrespondents .............................................................................................................. 143.2.3. Possibilities of energysaving ............................................................................ 203.3. Respondents’ opinion in connection with energy effectiveness and energysaving with global climate and ecological situation in the cities. The degree of concernof such connection. ................................................................................................... 213.4. The understanding of direct and indirect benefits for heat energy producers and consumers from the results of energy saving ...................................................... 223.5. Heat supply of houses: main features of consumers’ behavior ............................ 233.6. The situation with metering devices of heat energy in buildings. «Weak spots» ofpayments according to metering devices for heat energy. .......................................... 273.6.1. The situation of applying metering devices for heat energy, installed inbuildings .................................................................................................................... 273.6.2. «Weak spots» of payments according to metering devices for heat energy ....... 293.7. The situation with payments for heat energy ....................................................... 303.8. Interest and willingness of heat energy consumers to increase energyeffectiveness of buildings thanks to technical and technological solutions,represented on the market today. The possibilities to pay for such measures ............. 323.8.1. Interest and willingness of heat energy consumers to increase energyeffectiveness of buildings thanks to technical and technological solutions,represented on the market today ............................................................................... 323.8.2. The possibilities to pay for measures increasing energy effectiveness.............. 333.8.3. Reference to ESCO .......................................................................................... 353.9. Willingness of companies working with energy saving equipment andtechnologies to work with municipal and private agencies, housing sector in thesphere of boosting energy effectiveness ................................................................... 363.10. Interest and possibilities of various financial institutions to allocate funds for implementation of energy saving projects. Weak spots of funding of such projects.363.10.1. Commercial banks of Kazakhstan .................................................................. 363.10.2. International financial agencies ...................................................................... 373.11. Existing situation in the sphere of teaching disciplines and courses onenergy saving of heat supply in secondary and higher education ................................ 383.12. Gender aspect .................................................................................................. 404. CONCLUSION (MAIN OUTPUTS) ............................................................................. 415. ANNEXES ............................................................................................................... 435.1. Questionary for physical bodies .......................................................................... 471. SELECTION BLOCK ................................................................................................ 472. MAIN INTERVIEW .................................................................................................... 473. POPULATION BLOCK ............................................................................................. 525.2. Questionary for legal entities ............................................................................... 545.3. Guide of semi�structured interview with representatives of apartment ownersassociation /condominium ......................................................................................... 595.4. Guide of deep interview....................................................................................... 705.5. Guide of deep interview for the representatives of international foreignfinancial institutions and banks, operating in Kazakhstan ............................................ 72
CONTENT
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INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Due to the rapid growth of industrial production and rise of population on the planet, there isan expansion of heat energy production which results in warming of global climate.
Human activity is followed by the so�called «greenhouse gases» emission. Mainly, it is carbondioxide СО2, methane С4Н2, nitric oxide NO2 and ozone O3. The growth of greenhouse gasconcentration in the atmosphere disturbs the energy exchange of the Earth. Earth surfacecaptures more warmth and disperse it less. GHGs are somewhat like a “blanket” for the Earth.They hold heat radiation on the earth surface and don’t let it cool down quickly. The scientistscalled this phenomenon “greenhouse effect”. In the nature the role of such a heat insulator isplayed by carbonic acid.
The most part of energy, necessary for power production, heating, transport work is takenfrom the use of fossil fuel – coal, oil and natural gas. While burning it, 95% of all emissions ofcarbonic acid connected with human activity come to the atmosphere. As a result, theconcentration of carbonic acid in the atmosphere increased by app. 1%.
Currently, there are dramatic climate changes in the world. During the 20th century theaverage global temperature grown by 0,6 0C. It is believed that this warming is mainly caused byindustrial human activity, namely the increase of greenhouse gases concentration. Accordingto various scientists «greenhouse effect» generated certain weather aperiodicities that cancause numerous disasters for humanity.
If the emission of carbonic acid is not reduced, the average temperature on the Earth can riseby several degrees. Such a temperature variation may lead to unpredictable negative effectsthat are hard to estimate not only in economical aspect but to characterize also. For instance,the level of World’s ocean can alter and landflood the low�lying areas, then the shift of climatezones, disturbance of ecosystem, burst of bacteria activity and other events will follow.
Obviously, the global society is interested in solving this aspect of vital activity that has impacton climate change. In the frames of decision of UN Convention on climate change, the countries�members should take measures to cut down emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphereby the reduction of organic fuel use and expansion of its effective utilization.
The world practice shows that while using the higher level of central heating and takingmeasures to the reduction of losses, the “greenhouse effect” and its impact on climate goesdown.
Namely for that there is a project «Removing barriers to energy efficiency in municipal heatand hot water supply» in Kazakhstan governed by UNDP, GEF and AREM. The project is aimed atthe barriers in promotion of energy effectiveness in public heat supply sector on part ofproduction and consumption, the development of local opportunities, enhancing of legalnormative and institutional framework and creation of incentives to introduce new institutionaland financial mechanisms for attracting investments to realize measures on energy effectivenessin public heat and hot water supply that finally will lead to the lowering of greenhouse gasemissions globally.
Within the Project the following components are implemented:1. Assistance to the Government of the RoK in review of current legal and regulatory provisions
in the municipal heat supply sector with regard to create and improve the regulatory frames forpromotion and stimulation of energy efficiency in heat supply.
2. Development and introduction of new institutional and financial models to attract thefinancing for energy efficiency in heat supply and capacity building of related parties for furtherimplementation and replication.
3. Compilation, analysis and dissemination of projects results and lessons learnt with aim ofeffective replication in Kazakhstan and other CIS countries\municipalities against the comparablesituation.
During the project implementation, the social research was planned and conducted aimed atestimation of current potential, interests, possibilities, readiness and issues for energy efficiencyin heat supply of Astana and Almaty cities.
In this Report, the main results of the study are reflected, incl. description of research, resultsanalysis and samples of applied questionnaires.
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2. METHODOLOGY
The goal of investigationThe assessment of the existing potential (in particular, the interest, possibilities, willingness
and problems) for improvement of energy effectiveness in the sector of heat supply of Astanaand Almaty.
Tasks of investigationIdentification of heat energy producers’ relation to the reduction of energy consumption
due to the growth of energy effectiveness both on part of producer and consumer.Identification the level of complex understanding by heat producers and consumers the
mechanisms for implification of energy effectiveness in buildings heat supply, clarification ofproblem points in this understanding.
Diagnostics of the respondents opinion on energy effectiveness and energysaving l inkswith global climate and ecological conditions in the cities. Exploration of level of concern in thegiven links.
Diagnostics of heat energy producers and consumers understanding the direct and indirectbenefits from the results of energy saving.
Clarification the situation with utilization of metering devices for heat energy, installed inbuildings. The diagnostics of “weak spots” with payments for heat according to metering devices.
Clarification of situation with payments for heat. Identification of customers’ interest andwillingness to improve energy effectiveness of buildings with the help of offered technical andtechnological solutions on the market today.
Identification of possibilities to pay for such measures. Identification of companies’ willingnessthat work with energysaving equipment and technologies to cooperate with municipal, privatecompanies, housing sector in the sphere of energy effectiveness promotion.
Identification of interest and opportunities of different financial institutions to allocate fundsfor implementation of energysaving projects.
Diagnostics of weak spots while financing such projects.Identification of current situation in the sphere of teaching disciplines and courses on
energysaving of heat supply in secondary and higher education.
The area of investigation The investigation took place in Almaty and Astana:
In course of study, the opinions of heat consumers � physicians and legal entities – werestudied on praxis of heat saving, interaction with the heat�supply companies, willingness toapply energy saving technologies, etc. As one of research direction, the experts and keyinformers had to provide an assessment of current situation in heat supply and perspectives ofheat supply and energy saving.
This publication is intended for the officials and politicians taking decisions on heat saving inthe buildings. As well, it is addressed for experts engaged into this field and heat consumers.This book will be interesting for mass media representatives and marketing agencies.
METHODOLOGY
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Methods of research
1. Questioning of individuals There were questioned 450 respondents, 150 of them – in Astana and 300 – in Almaty. As
a respondent, there was a decision maker on utility services issues. The questioning wasconducted using formalized interview at respondent’s house.
Arrangement and field controlQuestioners that got general briefing on how to interview and that had experience in
questioning consumers were employed for this investigation The questioners were prepared for the field work in three stages:* On the briefing, conducted by project manager, supervisors and questioners were
introduced with the main tasks of the project, its specificity, peculiarities of selection and fielddocumentation;
* On the training each questioner conducted at least three test interview in the presence ofsupervisor;
* After test interviews there was the analysis of main mistakes, made by questioners duringthe test interview, and also the examination of those sections of questionnaire that were themost difficult during the test interview.
Only those questioners that were considered ready for the project by regular supervisorswere allowed to field work.
Each questioner participating in the research was given the exact route for the interview.Following the route and all deviations from it were marked in the special route sheet ofquestioner.
The quality of field work was controlled by regular and regional supervisors. For thispurpose, a special control sheet for this research was developed by project manager and fieldmanager.
Quality control of field work included the conduction of:* 10% interview in the presence of supervisor* 25% of second interview (on key issues) – on the phone or domiciliary if there is no phone;* 100% of visual control of filling in the questionnaires during acceptance* 100% of logical data control (transitions).2. Questioning of legal entities Totally, there were questioned 150 companies that were landowners. 50 companies are
in Astana and 100 – in Almaty. There was a person responsible for heat supply and/or reductionof heat bills as a respondent. Questionnaire was conducted as a formalized interview atrespondent’s work.
As in individuals interview, those questioners that got general instructions and hadexperience in questioning companies were allowed to question the legal entities.
3. Questioning of apartment owners societyGenerally, 15 apartment owners association were questioned, 5 of them in Astana and 10
– in Almaty. As a respondent, the chairman of apartment owners’association was. Thequestionnaire was in the form of semi�structured interview.
METHODOLOGY
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4. Deep interviews
Totally, there were 30 interviews on the following categories of respondents:
There were questioned almost all significant companies among heat and energy producingand distributing companies.
There were questioned 2 biggest companies engaged in issues of energy saving and 4small companies that were engaged in heat metering devices.
International institutions were represented by EBRD, WB and USAID. EBRD and WB wereselected as financial institutions and have experience in the area of funding such projects. USAIDwas selected as an organization that was interested in significant social projects.
Bank TuranAlem and Bank CenterCredit were questioned among commercial banks. BТАwas selected as the biggest bank of the republic with a wide range of products and services,BCC – as a bank specializing in work with small and medium companies.
There were selected NGOs that are engaged in problems of consumers protection andalso professional companies operating in the sphere of energy and housing community facilities.
Data processing and analysis Data input was done by regular operator with the help of DEN software. The actual data
compliance with real questionnaire, cleaning and logical control are realized by the specialist ofdata processing. With the help of application package SPSS, there were developed specialsubprograms adapted for the given research that allowed verifying data. The processing ofresearch results was done with the help of program SPSS. The given program is a complexsystem for data analysis. SPSS can use data from almost all types of files and generate tablereports, diagrams, graphs of distributions and trends, descriptive statistics and perform complextype of statistical analysis.
Quantity of interviewsCategory of respondents
Companies producing and distributing energy and heat
Representatives of energy saving companies
Representatives of state regulating bodies
Representatives of international financial institutions
Representatives of public agencies, including associationsof housing cooperatives, professional associations ofpower engineering specialists, ecological organizations
Representatives of commercial banks
Representatives of institutes of higher education and colleges
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3
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METHODOLOGY
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3. DETAILED SECTION3.1. The assessment of current situation in the sphere of energy effectiveness (heat
supply)3.1.1. Legal and normative framework Now there are several legal and normative acts and directives in Kazakhstan. The main is
the Law on Energy saving, adopted in 1997. According to experts’ assessments, the given law exists nominally and does not work
practically. The experts distinguish the following reasons of this fact:• The absence of uniform concept of energy saving According to experts assessments, projects effectiveness on energy saving envisages a
complex approach that supposes simultaneous installation of both metering devices anddispatching system. With the help of dispatching system there should be built a balance of heatconsumption in the section of weeks/months/districts, etc. On the basis of set balance, furthermeasures on energy saving can be elaborated. The law in force does not contain any uniformconcept of energy saving.
«At present there is no uniform concept of energy saving. Project effectiveness on energysaving provides a complex approach. It is not possible to install metering devices and in twoyears to install dispatching system. Computer should track metering device, its parametersand according to these parameters it should create the balance of heat on each district. Onlyon the basis of established balance it will be possible to develop any other measures andmake further decisions» (Energy saving company)
«In separate houses there were installed metering devices. And what is next? Thereshould be closed loop control, collection of information but there is nothing like that. Whatkind of system of energy saving can we talk about in this case?» (NGO)
• Time variance The experts believe that the law in force does not fully correspond to the demands of
time. It was developed more than 10 years ago and many of its regulations are out of datenow.
«Legal and normative acts were developed on the basis of Russian rules of heat metering.But nowadays Russia already introduced new rules and we still base on what was developedmore than 10 years ago» (Energy saving company)
«When the Law on Energy saving was adopted, nobody thought that we can come acrossthe problem of energy deficiency. Naturally, nobody thought about the economy in thissituation. The given law requires the soonest review, it does not correspond to the reality»(state body)
• The absence of levers and incentives aimed at energy saving Current legislation reflects general rules and regulations, however, there are no certain
mechanisms aimed at energy saving. Moreover, the existing legal and normative framework isfor closed scheme of hot water supply and not suitable for heat supply system in Almaty. As theresearch shown, Almaty uses open scheme of hot water supply. The given system was developedin Soviet Union and operated only in 26 cities; accordingly, there were not developed specialnorms and legal acts for the given system. As a whole, the given system demands good calculationand distribution. The calculation as it is does not exist now due to the absence of heat meteringdevices in the buildings. This leads to ineffectiveness of energy saving.
«The existing legislation does not stimulates energy saving. I would say, there are notenvisaged any mechanisms in it so that the law worked, there are just some general issues init» (educational institution)
The existing normative base absolutely does not correspond to the system of heat supplyin Almaty (open scheme of heat supply). It is necessary to have good calculation anddistribution for this system. And we do not practically have calculation as most of the objectsdo not have heat metering devices. Accordingly, it is not possible to fight with ineffectiveconsumption. There should be developed a special state program for this» (heat producers)
DETAILED SECTION
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mechanisms in it so that the law worked, there are just some general issues in it» (educationalinstitution)
The existing normative base absolutely does not correspond to the system of heat supply inAlmaty (open scheme of heat supply). It is necessary to have good calculation and distributionfor this system. And we do not practically have calculation as most of the objects do not haveheat metering devices. Accordingly, it is not possible to fight with ineffective consumption. Thereshould be developed a special state program for this» (heat producers)
• Disinterestedness of state bodies and heat suppliers in law execution that is in force today
Some experts believe that neither heat suppliers nor state bodies are interested in executionof law on energy saving. The main cause is that the decrease of heat consumption will sharplycut down heat suppliers’ income that in turn will reduce inpayments to the budget. The loweringof heat suppliers’ income will not allow to cover productive costs for heat adequately becausecutting down consumption volume will lead to the reduction of running costs but permanentcosts will stay the same.
«The law on energy saving as a whole is not bad but it doesn’t work. There is a confrontationbetween this law and heat suppliers, and the state adds to this confrontation. It is not interestedin lowering the sales of heat suppliers’ services. The more income they have, the more taxes willbe in the state budget» (NGO)
«To my mind, the law on energy saving needs to be reviewed. It should give benefits to heatsuppliers. Their income directly depends on the quantity of heat sold. And if heat consumptiongoes down, the maintenance charges will still be the same. Who will compensate these costs?»(Energy saving company)
At present there is no state body or agency responsible for energy saving in the RK. Accordingto the experts, the given agency should deal only with issues of energy saving, and develop,introduce and control these measures.
«There should be a body or an agency or a committee on energy saving. There should be ascientific structure, a center for energy saving that will deal with issues on energy saving, andthere should be people in the ministries and akimats responsible for this problem. If there is notraffic lights, how can cars move, nobody will be responsible, nobody cares. The same situationis here. Many people ask questions at once, if I offer to enlarge officials office and pay themmore money? And, if this is more beneficial, then why not? You can save much money due toenergy saving « (NGO)
The experts distinguished the following out of normative acts:• The program for introduction of energy saving measures in Almaty for 2007�2016• Norms of Sanitary regulations.The program for introduction of energy saving measures for Almaty for 2007�2016 was
developed in Akimat of Almaty. There were developed certain activities for budget sphere,municipal economy, industry, etc. in the given program.
According to the experts, all participants of the given market should be acquainted with theabove mentioned normative acts, and norms of Sanitary regulations should be in each apartmentowners’ society. However, the undertaken research found out that only the companies engagedin energy saving equipment know about Akimat program. As for the norms of Sanitary regulations,apartment owners’ societies does not know anything about that. The same situation with thelaw on Energy saving, if the chairmen heard about it, it was difficult for them to list the mainregulations of the given law.
Generally, in vast majority, chairmen of apartment owners’ society do not use any norms,rules or materials on energy supply. The exclusion is only a temperature graph that is used inmost examined apartment owners’ societies.
DETAILED SECTION
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• Disinterestedness of state bodies and heat suppliers in law execution that is in force In whole, experts assess the existing normative base as insufficient. According to the
calculation of heat, there should be developed 10�15 documents besides the existing ones,necessary for normal process functioning. The absence of necessary documents will alwayslead to inability of building a complex/whole system of energy saving.
«The existing normative base contains insufficient number of documents. For example, onlyin Moscow there are about 40 documents referred to energy saving. Normative base is not onlya law but it is also sanitary norms, methods, directives, other possible documents, i.e. there aremany of them. Let’s take for example such a simple thing like calculation of heat. First of all, I’dsay that one needs equipment certificates, choice of equipment, checking, methods identifyingerrors. To cut it short, only in heat calculation one will need 10�15 documents necessary for thenormal process functioning. If there are no these documents, you will have to overcome thesegaps. Accordingly, one cannot say about system integrity» (NGO)
It should be marked, that recently there appeared a trend towards the improvement ofsituation with energy saving in Kazakhstan. The accents of all sanitary norms issued now in theRK are shifted to the process of energy saving.
The first sign, pointing at realization the significance of energy effectiveness increase, is«Sanitary Norms RK 2004�21�2004 Energy consumption and heat defense of civic buildings” inwhich there is a definite goal: achievement of energy effectiveness rise in functioning of civicbuildings, providing on average 40% of demand decrease for heating relative to the averagelevel of energy consumption in the Republic. This is referred as to the exploitable and newlydesigned buildings.
«Now, Sanitary norms already envisage installation of energy saving heat devices, control�metering devices, windows with energy savings glasses» (State body)
At present, the issues of energy consumption and energy saving in the sphere ofconstruction are regulated by the following normative technical documents.
МСП 2.04�101�2001
МСП 2.04�02�2004
МСП 4.02�03�2004
МСП 4.02�02�2004
СН РК 2.04�21�2004
СНиП РК 2.04�03�2002
СНиП РК 4.04�10�2002
СНиП РК 4.04�23�2004
СНиП РК 4.04�19�2003
СНиП РК 3.02�09�2004
СН РК 4.04�18�2003
СП РК 4.02�103�2002
«Design of heat defense of buildings »
«Heat defense of buildings»
«Heat isolation of equipment of pipelines »
«Heating networks»
«Energy consumption and heat defense of civic buildings»
«Building heating engineering»
«Electrical devices»
«Electrical devices of residential and public buildings.Norms of design»
«Instructions on designing power light equipmentof industrial enterprises»
«Design and construction of energy effectives oneapartment residential houses with wooden carcass»
«Instructions on designing exterior lighting of cities, villages »
«Design of independent sources of heat supply»
DETAILED SECTION
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«Thermotechnical examination of exterior fencing buildingconstructions with the help of small thermal imagers»
СП РК 4.02�03�2003
СП РК 4.02�04�2003
СП РК 4.02�102�2003
РДС РК 4.04�11�2003
ГОСТ 30494�96
ГОСТ 26602.2�99
ГОСТ Р 51380�99
ГОСТ Р 51387�99
ГОСТ 30815�2002
ГОСТ 31167�2003
ГОСТ 31168�2003
ГОСТ 31311�2005
«Heating networks. Design and construction of networksof channel free laying of steel pipes with foampolyurethaneisolation of industrial production»
«Design of heat isolation of equipment and pipelines»
«Rules for calculation of electric demands of urban apartmentsand cottages of higher comfort »
«Residential and public buildings. Parameters of microclimatein buildings»
«Windows and doors. Methods of identification of air and waterpenetrability»
«Energy supply. Methods of confirmation conformity ofenergy effectiveness indicators of energy consumptiveproducts to its normative values»
«Energy saving. Normative methodological provision.Main regulations»;
«Automatic thermoregulators of heating devices of waterheating system in buildings. General specification»
«Buildings and constructions. Method of introduction of framefilling air penetration in natural conditions»
«Residential buildings. Method of definition of heat energyconsumption for building heating »
«Heating equipment. General specification»
DETAILED SECTION
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3.1.2. The attitude of heat market participants to energy savingHeat producers and energy saving organizations
The producers of heat energy and some energy saving companies have different opinionregarding energy saving.
From one hand, they suppose, that energy saving is necessary, but from the other hand,they are afraid that the introduction of energy saving will lead to a significant decrease of incomeand inability to improve objects’ heat supply. Consequently, the heat producers think that energysaving is necessary on part of producer and not consumer on the given stage.
According to the experts’ opinion, it is necessary to realize complex and step�by�stepintroduction of energy saving in order to solve this problem. On the first stage, it is necessary todevelop a plan of complex renovation and reconstruction of heat supply objects both forproducers and consumers. The experts consider that given activity should be done with statefinancing. On this stage there should be a considerable increase of heat tariffs.
On the second stage, metering devices should be installed in residential houses and themechanism of payment for consumed heat should be elaborated. Experts assume that heatpayment according to metering devices is not correct as it is only for the heating period. Andafter the end of heating period their services are not paid though there still stay constantexpenses. Consequently, the experts think that the payment for heat should consist of twoparts: payment according to metering device and user charge. Thanks to user charge theproducers’ expenses will be compensated during non�heating period.
Heat consumersHeat consumers, both individuals and legal entities, first see the possibility to cut down
heat payment in applying energy saving technologies. There is also a big part of those whoreckon that there will appear a possibility to regulate temperature in the apartment. The shareof those who does not see any benefits in this is very small – 15%.
Graph 1
DETAILED SECTION
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3.2. The level of complex understanding of heat energy producers andcustomers of the mechanisms of strengthening energy effectiveness in buildingsheat supply. Problem spots of this understanding
3.2.1. Strong and weak spots of the existing heat supply system It is still early to speak about system of heat supply in Kazakhstan. The system as it is, is not
formed yet, there are several cases of energy saving and calculation equipment installation. Atthe same time, the experts believe that today one can list strong and weak spots in formation ofheat supply system.
*From one hand, putting into operation new objects only after agreement with heat supplieris a strong point in formation of heat supply system. However, according to some experts, thegiven measure won’t be effective without following thermal technical calculations of the project.In the project of each object under construction there should be thermal insulation of exteriorwalls. On the stage of construction, thermal insulation of exterior walls is not done or is donewith significant errors. The experts suppose that the cause of the given phenomenon is that allsupervisory responsibilities in the sphere of construction are transferred to the local executivebodies that totally control the object construction starting with land and finishing with acceptanceof the object. In fact, everything is in “the same hands”. The experts reckon that one can changethe situation only after division of authorities and creation of special agency responsible for allissues of energy saving.
«On the stage of construction in the project there envisaged thermal insulation of exteriorwalls according to thermal technical calculation. According to thermal technical calculationeverything is ok, there will be a comfortable atmosphere inside. But on the stage of constructionwe see that thermal insulation is done awfully. The problem is that all supervisory responsibilitiesin the sphere of construction are given to local executive agencies that give land, licenses forconstruction, supervise construction and accept objects. I.e. everything is in the same hands.These functions should be divided among several bodies. In particular, the object acceptanceshould be done by the body engaged in energy saving issues» (State body)
3.2.2. Energy saving: understanding and attitude of different categories ofrespondents
The notion «Energy saving» is known to more than half number of questioned individuals.Share of those who knows about energy saving is larger in Astana. In this city this notion isknown to 73%, and in Almaty this indicator is much lower – 56%.
DETAILED SECTION
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Graph 2
Under the energy saving the most respondents understand economical and rational use ofheat resources and warming of windows in cold part of year. The share of this opinion is 37%and 38% of research participants accordingly.
Graph 3
The experts have different opinion. They suppose that only 1% of population really knowsand understands what energy saving is. For the others energy saving is just simple measuresuch as windows warming.
«In our republic only 1% of population knows what energy saving is, and others only knowthat it is necessary to shut down the window and nothing else » (NGO)
The most part of questioned individuals are trying to keep warmth. So, almost all questionedpeople are trying to shut the door in the hall of the house and do not open windows withoutnecessity in the apartment in the cold part of the year. They try to keep all windows in the hall ofthe house shut.
At the same time, the share of respondents that took any measures to keep warmthin the apartment is significantly lower. So, only 68% warm windows in the cold period of the year,in Almaty there are more such people than in Astana – 75% and 56%, accordingly. The share ofthose who installed plastic windows is even less – 56%.
DETAILED SECTION
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Graph 4
As a whole, 85% of questioned respondents always shut the door in the hall of the house onthe area under research. 12% are trying to do so but not always doing that. The share of thosewho shut the door very seldom or never is not more than 5%.
Graph 5
In order to keep warmth according to participants of the research it is necessary to shut thedoor in the hall. 91% of questioned respondents have the same opinion. The share of thosewho believe that for keeping warmth it is necessary to shut windows in the hall is 77%. At thesame time, the share of those has the same opinion in Almaty is much higher than in Astana:92% vs 46%. And only 57% of respondents think that for keeping warmth it is enough to installmetal door with closer in the hall. There are more such respondents in Almaty than in Astana –64% and 42% accordingly.
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Graph 6
As it was mentioned above, one of the main methods to keep warmth in the houses, therespondents believe, is to shut the door in the hall. With this aim the doors are equipped withcombination locks, closers and on�door speakerphones. As the research shown, at present,68% of examined houses were equipped with combination locks or on�door speakerphone.Most part of them work.
Graph 7 Graph 8
At the same time, despite the combination lock, only 63% of respondents close the door.Such a small share of people closing the door on a combination lock is connected with the factthat people think their guests would not be able to enter the hall without knowing how to openthe door. It should be mentioned that the share of those, who do not close the door in Almaty ishigher, than those in Astana.
Graph 9
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The research identified a contradiction between data of apartment owners’ association andheat consumers – individuals. According to the chairmen of apartment owners’ societies, theylead active explanatory work with tenants on the issues of warmth keeping in apartments andhalls of the houses. In most cases, apartment owners’ societies ask tenants to look after thewindows and doors in the halls so that they were shut. The given category of respondentsbelieves that these are the most effective measures for warmth keeping.
As a whole, apartment owners’ associations carry out the following activity that allows keepingwarmth:
• Warming of basement• Replacement of door and windows in the halls• Closing the windows in the halls in the cold part of year.
Consumers – individuals have different opinion. According to them, apartment owners’associations do not lead active explanatory work. Moreover, in most cases the doors in the hallsare installed due to the intention and at the account of tenants and apartment owners’associations have nothing to do with it. This situation is characteristic both for Astana and Almaty.But only in Astana some chairmen of apartment owners’ associations acknowledged that theyseldom replace doors and windows in the halls as they suppose that these measures should betaken at the account of tenants.
Most of legal entities do not seriously think about warmth saving. This is proved by the factthat almost 98% of respondents do not use normative and/or instructive materials for warmthsaving.
Graph 10
There is also a very small share of those who participated in any trainings on the issues ofenergy saving – 2,5%. The share of those who looked for any information on energy savingthemselves is also small – 9,5%.
It should be mentioned that such search for information is found more often in Astanathan in Almaty.
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Graph 11
At the same time, the examined legal entities are taking measures for energy saving. However,in most cases these are rather common measures than technical. So, 85% of questionedcompanies are looking for keeping the doors closed, though the share of companying withspecial technical devices does not exceed 7%.
Graph 12
More often, such activity as warming basements, attics, windows, closing doors andreplacement of old windows is done according to the intention and initiative of the companies.The measures taken with applying technical devices, is mostly done on the initiative of heatsupplying companies.
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Graph 13
3.2.3. Possibilities of energy saving
In the whole, the possibilities of energy saving can be divided in three groups:� possibilities of energy saving in the sphere of heat production;� possibilities of energy saving in the sphere of heat distribution;� possibilities of energy saving in the sphere of heat consumption.The experts pointed out the following possibilities in energy saving:� in the sphere of heat production:
• Installation of automatic electronic temperature regulators.• Installation of thermostatic balanced valves and thermoregulators;• Monitoring of heat supply system;
� in the sphere of heat distribution:• Installation of preinsulated pipelines that have small warm losses;• Use of frequency transformer that allow to save heat energy during the transfer from heat
carriers;• Equipping of pump stations with modern regulation assembly;
� in the sphere of heat consumption:• Warming of walls, basements, attics, halls;• Installation of balanced valves and thermoregulators;• Installation of heat metering devices. NGOs developed measures that allow to 40% increase of effectiveness. They are the follows:� Use of warm heat�in in the residential houses with the use of СТРов;� Use of highly effective constructions of modern elevators with high coefficient of EJECTION;� Use of triplex glass that low down noise and increase insulation effect;� Increase of effectiveness of burning devices for boilers working at liquid fuel;� Increase of effectiveness of heat supply system by active use of warmth from every residential
house that comes back with the help of effect from heat pumps;� Compulsory execution of sanitary norms (heat land�survey).
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3.3. Respondents’ opinion in connection with energy effectiveness and energysaving with global climate and ecological situation in the cities. The degree ofconcern of such connection.
The experts reckon that there is a direct link between energy saving and ecologicalconditions in the cities. The given dependence shows that energy saving means the decreaseof fuel burnt and, that in turn affects the reduction of emissions in the atmosphere. Eliminationof emissions in the atmosphere favorably impacts the environment.
At the same time, only several experts believe that cutting down the emissions connectedwith fuel burning will lead the decrease of greenhouse effect that in turn will beneficially influencethe global climate.
«Lowering the level of heat energy consumption will impact the lowering of the fuel burnt.And that in turn will be good for global climate» (Heat producer)
«The ecology directly depends on energy saving. The more heat we save, the less thegreenhouse effect will be» (NGO)
Other categories of respondents know about the existing link between energy consumptionand environmental pollution. However, the presence of the given link is not a priority for energysaving.
In order to identify the priority of this problem during the research we asked differentcategories of respondents to put a row of causes, why it is necessary to save heat, where 1stplace is the most significant cause and 4th place is less significant. The investigated causes withaverage score (place) are given in the graph. So, the problem of reduction of urban environmentalpollution was put on the second place by all categories of respondents (2,52; 2,19 and 2,3scores), a problem of reduction of negative impact on global climate is only on the last place.Probably, this is explained by the fact that respondents are hardly aware of the link betweenenergy saving and global climate. They heard something about this but they cannot explain thislink.
Graph 14
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3.4. The understanding of direct and indirect benefits for heat energyproducers and consumers from the results of energy saving
Many participants of this research among individuals recognize the warm keeping asignificant issue. However, the main cause of this is not resources saving but money saving.
Graph 15
Some experts, in most cases they are heat producers, energy saving and internationalfinancial institutions, believe that population considers the problem of energy saving only froma financial point of view. Resources economy for them is on the bottom place. According to theexperts, the only way to impact the population for heat saving is to raise tariffs for heat.
«The consumers can be made to save warmth only with the help of tariffs increasing. Nobodywill save this that is cheap» (heat producer)
«Our population is brought up in this manner, and nothing can make them to save something.But you can raise tariffs. I know exactly that if tomorrow the tariffs for heat will increase 2�3times, the day after tomorrow people will start to install heat metering devices and look afterkeeping warmth» (Energy saving company)
NGOs think different; they believe that the population should be interested, namely, ininstallation of metering devices. And only this will enable to introduce further energy savingmeasures.
«In order to realize program of heat saving it is necessary to interest people in financial benefitof installation heat saving devices and equipment in their houses. Only after that it is possible tointroduce further measures » (NGO)
Companies, producing and distributing energy, consider that the main benefit from heatsaving will be from the decrease of productive expenses and services of higher quality. So, theuse of preinsulated pipelines will allow to cut down heat losses on the way from producer toconsumer, the use of frequency transformers will also let saving of 20�25%, that in turn willreduce initial resources. Thanks to the reduction of resources the state and economy getbenefits.
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3.5. Heat supply of houses: main features of consumers’ behavior The research found out that most of the respondents did not show interest in the work of
heat supply system of their future home. It should be mentioned that the share of respondentsthat were not interested in work of heat supply system in Astana is higher than in Almaty.
Graph 16
Most of research participants believe that heat supply system works well everywhere. Namely,because of that the research participants were not interested in work of heat supply systemwhen they bought their dwelling. One fifth part of the questioned didn’t pay attention to the heatsupply system because they bought dwelling in warm season.
Graph 17
The share of respondents interested in work of heat supply system when buying their housedoesn’t exceed 35%. In most cases respondents of Almaty consulted on heat supply systemwith future neighbors and seller, and in Astana – consulted with apartment owners’ association.
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Graph 18
More than 60% of questioned didn’t know anything about the heat supply system of theirhouses. The share of those who know it very well does not exceed 5%.
Graph 19
The main cause of ignorance of heating system is the reluctance of respondents to get anyinformation on work of heat supply system. The main thing for them – warmth in their apartments.
Graph 20
In case the tenants didn’t like the work of heating system and hot water supply, they address
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apartment owners’ association. Only one third of questioned respondents address heatsupplying company in this situation. Almaty respondents do it more often than those from Astana.
Graph 21
The respondents recognize apartment owners’ association guilty in the problems of work ofheat supply system more often. One forth of respondents does not accuse anyone.
Graph 22
Almost half of the respondents paid attention to the fact that the average level of temperaturein apartments was less than 18C this winter. 34% said average t in the range 18�19 C. The shareof those who had t above 20C does not exceed one forth. It should be noted that it was warmerin Astana apartments than in Almaty.
Graph 23
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On respondents’ opinion, the optimal temperature of air at home in winter should be notlower than 20�21OC. At the same time, 40% of the questioned believe that the average air tshould be 24�25OC.
Graph 24
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3.6. The situation with metering devices of heat energy in buildings. «Weakspots» of payments according to metering devices for heat energy.
3.6.1. The situation of applying metering devices for heat energy, installed in buildings At present, the payment for heat supply according to metering devices is weakly spread.
The research revealed that most of both questioned individuals and legal entities pay for heatingon general tariff.
Graph 25
At the same time, it should be noted that in Astana the practice of payment for heat accordingto the metering devices is more spread than in Almaty. So, the share of those who pay forheating according to the general metering device for the house in Astana accounts for 17%,and in Almaty only 11%.
Half part of tenants paying for heating according to general metering device for the househave opportunity to participate in reading metering device. Characteristically, in Almaty at lessquantity of consumers paying for heat according to metering device the share of participating inreading it is higher than in Astana. If there are 58% in Almaty, there are only 39% in Astana.
Graph 26
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Both individuals and legal entities paying for heat according to metering devices are satisfiedwith the existing level of payment and recognize it acceptable.
The research registered weak awareness of population on possibilities of payment forheat according to metering devices. More than half of respondents whose houses were notequipped with heat metering devices were not even interested in installation of such device.The absence of interest is rather related to the absence of information on such possibilities.36% of respondents paid attention that nobody told them about such possibility.
Graph 27
The heat suppliers and other organizations stick to the other point of view. They believe thatsuch a passive behavior is determined by low heat tariffs. If the tariffs were considerably higherthen each consumer would collect information on possibilities of decreasing level of heat paymentand begin to apply different energy saving measures.
Some experts think that the installation of metering devices is hardly able to solve a problemof heat saving inside the house. The installation of metering devise is profitable to consumer ashe will pay less for heat. But he will not be interested in heat saving and he even won’t have suchopportunity. The houses need not only installation of metering devices but also specialthermoregulating equipment. Only with functioning of two compounds one can talk about heat/energy saving.
«What is a metering device? This is a device that just calculates quantity of heat consumed.He doesn’t depend on the fact whether my window is open or closed. Yes, I pay less, but I do notsave energy. Moreover, I put it in the street. It is warm now and the houses are still heated. Manypeople have to open windows because it is very hot. And they all open windows: those withmetering devices and without them» (NGO)
«Installation of metering devices is not worthwhile. The consumers will pay less but they willnot start to save heat. It is necessary to install thermoregulating equipment and metering device.And only then one can talk about heat saving. And installation only metering devices will makeheat producers a bankrupts » (Energy saving company)
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3.6.2. «Weak spots» of payments according to metering devices for heat energyAs the research revealed, at present, there is the following scheme of payment for heat
according to metering devices. The metering device calculates the heat consumed in the housein fact. The quantity of heat consumed per month (Giga calories) is multiplied by price of 1 Gcal.The sum is evenly distributed between tenants. The given scheme unlike payment on tariff,allows paying only during the heating season.
However, the experts say, that the existing system of payment according to the meteringdevices is not absolutely correct. The given system is very profitable for consumer but not forheat producer. As everybody knows, the costs of any producer consist of constant and variableexpenses. During the heating season the producer has both constant and variable expenses,that are covered by tenants payments. After the end of heating season, variable expensesgradually decrease but constant expenses are still the same. And they are not compensated.Thus, the producer cannot get only benefit but also cover his constant expenses.
In connection with this the experts believe that the system of payment needs a considerablereview. The experts offer two ways to solve this problem.
1. At the account of consumer.In this case, the payment for heat should consist of two parts. First one – payment for really
consumed heat, calculated with metering device. Second one – user charge, taken from eachtenant during non�heating period. The given users charge will compensate producers’expenses for the non�heating period.
2. At the account of state.In this case, the state should take responsibility for compensation of expenses in non�heating
period, or to give significant benefits in taxes and/or purchasing energy carriers. Introductionof benefits will let the producer saving money in heating season and use them after this period.
It should be mentioned that installation of heat metering devices is not beneficial for everyone.The practice shown that in old, dilapidated, not warmed houses, i.e. houses in bad condition,installation of metering devices is not beneficial for tenants. The payment for heat is higheraccording to metering devices than on the tariff. So, those houses which had metering devices,dismounted them.
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3.7. The situation with payments for heat energy
As the questioning of consumers, individuals, illustrated most of them are trying to pay forheat in time and completely. The share of those who do not pay for heat in time is very small, 2%� in Almaty and 5% � in Astana.
Graph 28
The respondents gave two main reasons of untimely payment for heat. First reason is thatthe respondents do not always have possibility to pay for heat in time due to high tariffs for utilityservices. Second reason is also connected with tariffs. The respondents do not want to pay forservice which tariff is too high in their opinion.
At the same time, some experts, in particular, apartment owners’ society and heat producerssay that the situation with payments for heat is quite different. Really, the payment for heat isdone by almost all tenants but at least 20% of them do it untimely.
«Half number of tenants from our house does not pay in time » (The chairman of apartmentowners’ society)
«As a whole, practically all consumers pay for heat but as minimum 20% of them do in not intime » (Heat producer)
The existing system of payments for heat does not satisfy the half of questioned individuals.This is proved by the fact that more than half of respondents preferred to pay according tometering device and not on general tariff. The main reason of this is that the respondents believethat the payment for heat should be less.
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Graph 29
More than half of questioned respondents suppose that the existing tariffs are too high. Thepopulation overpays for heat, in their opinion, and the payment should be less. At the sametime, the share of those, who believe that they pay precisely as much as they get heat, it is alsohigh – 46%.
Graph 30
The share of those respondents that resume they overpay for heat, is higher in Almaty, thereare 57% of those, and in Astana – 43%.
Consumers – legal entities also consider the tariffs to be high. They say that the tariffshould be 50% lower.
Moreover, consumers – legal entities paid attention to the fact that the tariff change veryoften. So, during the last two years the tariffs for heat changed 2�3 times. This was mentionedby more than half of questioned respondents. In their opinion, during the two years the tariffsrose by 24,5%.
The representatives of NGOs also believe that heat consumers overpay for heat at presentand admit that existing tariffs are not reasonable. According to their data, the heating of 1 sq.min Almaty per annum is 0,04 Gcal, and the norm for Almaty is 0,153 Gcal. So, in fact the norm ishigher in almost 4 times.
At the same time, the producers do not agree with consumers and NGOs. They supposethat the existing tariffs do not cover their expenses and should be several times higher.
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3.8. Interest and willingness of heat energy consumers to increase energyeffectiveness of buildings thanks to technical and technological solutions,represented on the market today. The possibilities to pay for such measures
3.8.1. Interest and willingness of heat energy consumers to increase energyeffectiveness of buildings thanks to technical and technological solutions, representedon the market today
The research discovered high interest on the part of consumers – individuals to theincrease of energy effectiveness of houses due to offered technical and technological deviceson the market. It is proved by the fact that 60% of questioned respondents preferred centralizedheating for their apartments with ability to regulate temperature in any apartment.
Graph 31
Only one fifth of respondents would like to have the same heating system as it is in theirapartments. Most part of them is pensioners. Evidently, their desire is to have the same systemas they have is due to their unawareness about other systems and fear that they have to paymore.
Legal entities are more passive about the necessity to improve heating system in order toincrease energy effectiveness. Almost 60% of examined companies didn’t want to use energysaving technologies. The main reason of this is that they do not want to pay for such measures.Moreover, the owners of the buildings often let their premises, and leaser pays for heat andsometimes even a higher tariff. Accordingly, payment for heat is not a serious problem forowners. The existing tariffs influence the unwillingness of saving heat »
«Very low tariffs do not stimulate companies to introduce energy effective technologies. Whyshould we spend money to pay less if we do not pay much?» (International agency)
«There are no final interested consumers in the reduction of heat losses. There are noincentives for people to save heat.» (International agency)
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Graph 32
Most of companies willing to use energy saving technologies prefer fans on radiators in eachroom. According to their opinion, only such system will allow feeling comfortable the heatconsumers and will not cause inconveniences to others.
3.8.2. The possibilities to pay for measures increasing energy effectiveness
Most of consumers are not ready to fund measures on increasing energy effectiveness.Only third part of respondents is ready to bear expenses for renovation of heating. 14% couldn’tanswer the question. They think that before decision on bearing costs for renovation they shouldknow the exact sum of expenses. All examined apartment owners’ societies declared abouttheir unreadiness to fund such measures.
Graph 33
In whole, the participants of research suppose that renovation of heating system should bedone at the expense of state budget.
So, the most of questioned companies said that the state should financially assist inreconstruction of heating systems of the buildings.
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Graph 34
Almost all questioned experts stated that the state should participate in funding of renovationof heating systems inside the buildings and in producers’ premises.
«The state must fund the reconstruction of heating system of consumers and producers.This is a very rich measure and its effectiveness can be reached only in complex. And how can acomplexity be reached if one house installs equipment at his expense and the other does not.Why should we introduce all these after that?» (Heat producer)
«I think that it is not possible to do anything in the program without state activity. Probably, theconsumers should also participate in financing but their share should not exceed 30%» (Energysaving company)
«Energy saving – a state problem and state should assist in its solving» (Distributing company)«Population will not agree to pay for the reconstruction of heating system; they don’t even
want to buy lock for the hall. And apartment owners’ society does not have such funds. I believethat only state bodies can assist in this issue » (Chairman of apartment owners’ association)
«Only state can pay for such measures. It’s said in the law that monopoly should pay forequipment installation. But it doesn’t have money even if it wants to do that. The consumersalso have no money. There are two ways of solving this issue: the state assists in this problem orwe forget about this idea» (NGO)
The state bodies have different opinion. They suppose that these measures should be paidby consumers as it is their benefit.
«The reconstruction should be paid by the tenants of the houses and owners of premises. Ifyou decide to repair your apartment you won’t do it at state’s expense» (Chairman of statebody)
Some experts consider that for solving this problem there should be created a special fundthat will work on the issues of saving. Firstly, the state allocates some funds and later it will befinanced at the expense of saving state funds.
«What is fund? You put money there and fund executed project for you, you got 30% ofsaving. In two years you will pay 30% less and can finance the fund, for example, 5% from saving» (NGO)
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Those respondents, who are ready to bear expenses to improve heating system, will do itonly if the sum does not exceed 10000 KZT. 80% of respondents think the same. 45% of themare ready to pay less than 5000 KZT and 35% � from 5000 tо 10000 KZT.
Graph 35
3.8.3. Reference to ESCO
The customers – individuals are ready to pay for renovation of heating system, there are notmany of them as the research revealed, and want to sign an agreement with ESCO to implementsuch measures. It should be noted that there are 83% of those.
Graph 36
We have different situation with consumers – legal entities. Only 38% of questionedcompanies are ready to sign a contract with ESCO to implement such measures. However, thesituation in Almaty and Astana is different. In Almaty the share of those that want to use ESCOservices is only 31%, and in Astana � 56%.
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Graph 37
3.9. Willingness of companies working with energy saving equipment and technologiesto work with municipal and private agencies, housing sector in the sphere of boostingenergy effectiveness
The research discovered the interest of companies engaged in production and installation ofenergy saving equipment to work with companies and agencies of different types. Andequipment and services of energy saving suppliers do not care about forms of ownership andthe sphere of clients’ activity as the research shown. However, these companies need fundingand undoubtedly interested in work on the basis of specially financed programs.
In the nearest future according to the state program one of the biggest Kazakhstan ESCO willget about 25 mln USD for introduction of energy saving equipment. However, this money is notmeant for equipment installation in housing sector and private companies. The program doesnot also envisage funds for renovation of heat producers’ objects.
«We wanted to create APK system but they don’t have money and the state doesn’t financethis project. Metering device that they have doesn’t work, there is no a uniform system, no datatransmission, etc. This is the main problem today» (Energy saving company)
As a whole, the energy saving companies admit passive demand on their services. Theirservices are primarily use by construction companies to install energy saving equipment in newbuildings. The equipment for heat points is of high demand. The share of those who ask toinstall equipment in the existing buildings is very small.
Sometimes Energy saving companies implement pilot projects aimed at the demonstrationof effectiveness from use of energy saving equipment.
3.10. Interest and possibilities of various financial institutions to allocatefunds for implementation of energysaving projects. Weak spots of funding ofsuch projects.
3.10.1. Commercial banks of Kazakhstan Big Kazakhstan commercial banks finance companies engaged in heat production and
distribution. Banks explain their interest in financing such companies by the fact that the givencompanies are rather stable and independent, and have stable income. They have opportunityto pay credits.
The banks hardly deal with financing energy saving companies, housing and utilityenterprises and apartment owners’ societies. In most cases banks don’t give them financing.
Banks are ready to support and participate in energy saving programs but on short terms.
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3.10.2. International financial institutionsEBRD is eager to finance projects of energy saving that are dealing with regeneration of heat
and its distribution to final consumers. The main condition for such projects is commercial benefitof the project. Special attention is paid to ecology. At the same time, EBRD is rather inclined towork with big projects which price is about �10 mln.
«We are ready to work with companies dealing with regeneration of heat and its furtherdistribution to final consumer. Our main condition is that the project should be economicallyjustified, i.e. have some engineering solution. At lest expenses – the biggest effect. It should becommercially beneficial. Plus we consider what will be ecological impact, it should be positive.The volume of financial investments is important for us. We can pay attention to big projects ofabout �10 mln. (Representative of EBRD)
The representatives of the given financial institution say that heat producers and otherparticipants of this market show weak interest in funding of such projects. The main cause is lowtariffs for heat. EBRD potential customers believe that the interest toward energy savingequipment can appear only after rising tariffs.
Nowadays, EBRD didn’t implement any project on heat saving in Kazakhstan. The main reasonfor that is the absence of serious projects that need funding.
«There are no projects on heat supply in Kazakhstan. There are demands but no seriousprojects. We consider and ready to finance but we also need a good financial project. Thecompany should be solvent. There should be good guarantee to consider this project. But wedidn’t get satisfactory inquiries from the given companies yet.»
EBRD is also ready to take part in implementation of program for installation of heat meteringdevices for houses on conditions that there is a developed financial mechanism.
«We are interested in this but we are already a financial institution and we need a goodmechanism of how we are going to participate in this. So there is a question, we can finance aheat supplying company that is going to install metering devices. From the other hand, it is clearthat heat supplying companies are not interested in this installation because this will decreasetheir sales and income. And if heat supplying company agrees to install such metering devicesthen we can finance them, but we are financing company that is solvent. There should be rise oftariffs that will cover operational costs. We need a solvent borrower. We are not a charity fund,we want our money back. We are ready to finance akimat to install these metering devices.Akimat has no right to deal with it, it is limited by legislation. i.e. there should be a special scheme.We should work with some guarantees. If somebody finds such a mechanism then we’ll behappy to finance the given project »
At present, EBRD in cooperation with government of Kazakhstan develops a plan on energyeffectiveness «Energy Effecting Plan».
USAID functions do not include financing of projects on energy saving. The given organizationprovides technical assistance in the sphere of energy saving. For example, in Atyrau there wereoffered technological methods of heat saving for houses and heat saving amounted to 25�30%.
USAID also assists in the project «Regional energy market». The given project implies theexpansion of regional sale between Tajikistan, Kirgistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (heatstations) and provides with assistance to regulating agencies in the sphere of price and tariffformation.
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3.11. Existing situation in the sphere of teaching disciplines and courses onenergysaving of heat supply in secondary and higher eductation
At present, there are two educational institutions that teach specialists in the sphere ofheat supply in Almaty. It is Almaty institute of energy and communications (AIEC) and AlmatyCollege of energy and и electronic instrument engineering.
There are two chairs that teach specialists in the sphere of heat supply in AIEC now. The chair of heat power installation is the oldest and leading on heat power faculty. The
chair was founded in 1960 as a part of Kazakh Polytechnical institute named after V.I.Lenin.First graduation of specialists in energy was in 1966. 3000 engineers with specialty “heat powerstations” in normal form of teaching and by correspondence graduated during the existence ofchair. Chair graduates work practically on all heat power stations of Kazakhstan, in many energysystems of CIS countries, in scientific and designing institutes, repair shops, assemblyenterprises; they are the heads and leading specialists of energy enterprises HPS and APS.The chair of heat power installation (HPI) teaches specialists on specialty «Heat power station»(HPS) with qualification «engineer». The given specialty is the basic one for energy sector ofnational economy.
13 regular teachers, two of them – doctors of technical science and seven are candidatesof technical science, associate professors work on chair of «Heat power installations», and 3men work on part time basis, one of them is a doctor of technical science and two – candidatesof technical science.
In recent years the main forces of chair were aimed at the sphere of optimization of mobile,reliable and ecological features of heat power stations, processes of heat and mass transfer inporous systems of heat power installations and energy saving technologies in energy savingsystems. There are courses to raise the level of skills on specialty “Energy saving in the systemof heat supply” and “Maintenance of boilers of HPS and boiler houses” in the given educationalinstitution.
The demand on graduates of chair in 2003�2007 was stable and accounted for 30�50 ofgraduates per year.
The chair “Industrial heat energy” was founded in 1986 as a chair of Engineer thermalphysics, and renamed in 1999. Chair teaches specialists in specialties: «Technology of waterand fuel on HPS», «Energy of Thermal technologies», “Industrial heat energy”. Chair activelycooperates with Norway Company ENSI. The project on energy audit was implemented togetherwith this company, it includes the following:
� Design and calculation of heat supply systems; � Cleaning of industrial and process water; � Use of alternative heat sources; � Analysis of ambient air, process emissions and other gas environment in order to find out
hazardous impurities and recommendations to combat environmental pollution. 10 regular teachers work on chair of «Industrial heat energy». The demand on specialists grows every year. However, the number of students on these
specialties is very small. In 2007 there were only 20 graduates. Since 2004 there is specialty “Heat energy” in this institute. The teaching of specialty «Heat
energy» is done by chairs «Heat power installations» and «industrial heat energy». All types of practice is in industrial companies, scientific and design institutes and design
offices of the same specialty. The chair has constant basis for practice, they have agreementswith: Stock company «АПК» Heat station�1, Heat station �2, Heat station �3; АО «Buran Boiler»;Stock company «Institute КazNIPIenergoprom»; Stock company «Santekhproekt»; Stockcompany «Кazkotloservis»; Stock company «Heat energy equipment»; Stock company «Almatyteplocommunenergo».
There is a scientific center in the institute. The main scientific themes, made by НИС, arethe following:
State regulation and tariff policy in fuel energy sector and in the sphere of information and
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communication; New resources and energy saving technologies; Renewable energy sources,technical means of their use (solar energy, wind, water and geothermal sources); Since 2005,the work on integration of scientific potential of the institute on 5 priority issues was carried out:
The problems of environmental protection; Energy saving and renewable energy sources;Research and development of water�chemical regimes and technologies of water treatment;Working out scientific technical offers and recommendations for satellite and ground basedcommunication systems in the RK; Development of modern equipment, persistent raise ofskills and staff retraining. Since 2008, several researches on the issues of energy savingcommence in the institute.
In Almaty college of energy and electronic instrument engineering there is a specialty “Heatpower installations”. According to the representatives of the given institute, there are about80�90 graduates�heating engineers every year.
According to the experts estimates, Kazakhstan educational institutes teach subjectsaimed at the studying of means for energy saving. They are the following:
– Efficient fuel use,– Combat with emissions from heat stations,– Applying technologies at work of electrical installations to reduce heat emissions, to increase
the degree of performance,– Studying constructions of fly ash collectors, systems of slag removal,– Construction of steam pipes,– Use of wastes from heat station for products production.
DETAILED SECTION
40
3.12. Gender aspect
The research identified that in most examined households the decision connected withutility services is taken by women. It is characteristic both for Almaty and Astana.
Graph 38
In the examined companies (74%) woman is responsible for energy saving and/or eliminationof heat bills in most cases.
In the apartment owners’ societies women were chairmen in 70% of cases. But is the companies as experts the situation was different, there are more men there than
women. According to the experts estimates, the percentage is 70% � men and 30% � women.Women often work as accountants, dispatchers and secretaries.
DETAILED SECTION
41
4. CONCLUSION (MAIN OUTPUTS)4.1. At present, different legislative and normative acts are in force in the sphere of energy
saving. The main is the Law on Energy saving adopted in 1997. The experts estimate the existinglegislative and normative framework as ineffective and insufficient. Namely, this is often themain barrier for the introduction of energy saving measures.
4.2. The system of energy saving is not formed in Kazakhstan yet, and there are just someinstallations of energy saving and calculating equipment. However, now we can point out mainobstacles on the way to more effective formation of the given system. To them referred thefollowing: the absence of complex approach while introducing energy saving equipment, badfunding of heat saving measures, the absence of specialized body that will solve the issues ofenergy saving and the absence of incentives for energy saving among heat consumers.
4.3. Heat producing and distributing companies are interested in conducting energy savingactivity. However, they believe that the given activities are more appropriate on part of producersand distributors. The use of energy saving equipment by consumers will lead only to the decreaseof heat supplier income and will not effect energy saving. One of the ways to solve the givenproblem is to introduce step�by�step energy saving measures, according to producers anddistributors. The first stage provides renovation and/or reconstruction of heat supply objects,the second stage – installation of metering devices.
4.4. The experts think that energy saving program should envisage a considerable rise ofheat tariffs. Only the rise of tariffs will be the most effective drive to save heat by consumers.
4.5. The notion «Energy saving» is known by 62% of questioned individuals. Most of themthink that it is economical and rational use of heat resources. At the same time, the main benefitsfrom applying energy saving technologies are supposed to be in lowering the level of heatpayment and the ability to regulate temperature in the house.
4.6. Heat consumers are trying to save heat. That’s why they are not opening windows withoutpurpose in cold season, keep windows and doors in the hall shut.
4.7. Consumers – legal entities also take measures to save energy. They are trying to keepthe doors shut, install plastic windows or warm window. At the same time, the examinedcompanies do not seriously think about heat saving. Only 2% of them use normative and/orinstructive materials on heat saving, and only 2,5% of them took part in any trainings on thisissue. The share of companies that installed any technical heat saving devices does not exceed7%. In most cases, special equipment was heat supplier’s incentive.
4.8. Heat consumers reckon that it is important to save heat. However, the main priority is notsaving resources but reduction of heat bills. The experts also consider that consumers careonly about bill reduction and not heat saving.
4.9. Heat producing and distributing companies assume that the main benefit from energysaving is the reduction of processing expenses and provision of services of higher quality.
4.10. As a whole, one can distinguish 3 groups of possibilities for energy saving. These arepossibilities in the sphere of heat production, heat sale and heat consumption. So, the firstgroup is characterized by use of special equipment that let regulation the level of heat supplydepending on ambient temperature, and also monitoring of system heat supply. The possibilitiesof second group aimed at the reduction of heat losses on the way producer�consumer. Thethird group includes household measures aimed at keeping warmth (for example, warming ofattics, basements, halls, etc.), and also devices that allow to regulate and calculate heat.
4.11. Both experts and usual consumers of heat know about the connection of energy savingand ecological conditions in cities. The given categories of respondents suppose that due tonarrowing the volumes of fuel burnt, the hazardous emissions to the atmosphere also reduce,that in turn positively affects environment.
4.12. The connection of energy saving with global climate is known by only those expertswho are connected with heat production or ecology. Other respondents heard something aboutthat but couldn’t say anything certain about it.
4.13. More than half of examined consumers�individuals do not know anything about heat
CONCLUSION
42
supply system of their houses. The main cause of unawareness is unwillingness. The primarything is that it is warm in the apartment. When buying apartment, the most part of respondentsdidn’t ask about the heat supply system, they thought that this system worked well everywhere.
4.14. The average temperature in the dwellings this winter was 18�19C, and according to therespondents, the optimal temperature is 20�25 C.
4.15. Payment according to metering devices is weakly spread now. Only 13% of thequestioned individuals and 19% of legal entities pay according to the metering devices. Thebasic reason of that is poor awareness of this possibility. The experts have different opinion:passive behavior of population is provided by low tariffs on heat.
4.16. Half part of population paying according to metering devices can participate in readingthe devices. The existing level of heat payment is considered acceptable by all respondents.
4.17. The existing system of heat payment according to metering devices (when payment isdone only during the heating season) is not right. Most experts think that way. The given systemcovers only constant expenses of suppliers in the heating season, and they are not compensatedafter the end of it. The experts see two ways of solving this problem. First one is to introduce usercharge taken in non heating period. Second one is the compensation of expenses by state.
4.18. Practically, all examined consumers that pay for heat according to general tariff aretrying to do that in time and fully. However, the chairmen of apartment owners’ society havedifferent point of view: minimum 20% of consumers do not pay in time.
4.19. Payment on general tariff does not satisfy half of questioned respondents. Theconsumers believe that the existing tariffs are too high and they pay too much on general tariff.Some NGOs have the same point of view. Producers in their turn say that the tariffs are very low.
4.20. The research revealed consumers�individuals big interest in increasing energyeffectiveness of their houses due to the offered technical and technological means. However,most of them are not ready to fund such measures. Apartment owners’ societies also declaredabout that.
4.21. Legal entities are more passive about the necessity to renovate heating systems.Primarily, it is due to unwillingness to pay for energy saving measures.
4.22. Practically, all participants said that all energy saving activities on part of consumers andproducers should be supported by state. The representatives of state bodies do not think thesame.
4.23. Most individuals are ready to pay for renovation of equipment, to sign contract withESCO for conducting such measures. There are less than half of those among legal entities.
4.24. Energy saving companies are interested in working with different consumers. But theyneed financing.
4.25. Kazakhstan banks are ready to support and take part in energy saving programs but ona short time basis. Now some banks finance companies engaged in production and distributionof heat. However, energy saving companies, housing municipal companies and apartmentowners’ societies are declined by banks.
4.26. International organizations are also ready to finance and assist technologically inimplementation of energy saving programs. However, the given projects should be commerciallyprofitable and expensive.
4.27. Kazakhstan institutes teach subjects aimed at the studying of possibilities for heatsaving. There are trainings/sessions for students and teachers aimed at teaching how to developmeasures for energy saving, conducted by foreign companies. Since 2008, Almaty EnergyInstitute starts with scientific themes on issues of energy saving.
4.28. In most examined households women take decision on utility services. In the examinedcompanies women are responsible for energy saving and/or lowering heat bills in most cases(74%). Women also are chairmen in most examined apartment owners’ societies. Thecompanies�experts have quite different situation. There work mostly men than women.According to experts’ estimates, the percentage is 70% � men and 30% � women. Womenoften work as accountants, dispatchers and secretaries.
CONCLUSION
43
BISAM CENTRAL ASIA
Almaty, Bogenbai Str. 221, office 236
Тel. 8 (727) 254 77 51
QUESTIONNAIRE #
PROJECT: “Effectiveness in heat supply»
QUESTIONER
The present interview was performed by me in accordance with instructionswith a person whom I did not know before. Before submitting the questionnaire I checked the correctness of filling it.I must not give this information to anyone but BISAM.
INTERVIEW TIME
PHONE #
ADDRESS
RESPONDENT’Name and Surname
CITY
INTERVIEW DATE
SIGNATUREQUESTIONER
SURNAME #
1. Almaty 2.Аstanа
DAY /___/___/ MONTH /___ /___/ YEAR 2008
BEGINNING________END_________ DURATION__________minutes
REGIONALSUPERVISOR
5. ANNEXES5.1. Questionary for physical bodies
1. SELECTION BLOCKHello! My name is /…./, I represent Research center BISAM Central Asia. At the moment,
our center holds a questionnaire of population concerning Energy effectiveness in heatsupply. We guarantee that Your answers will be analyzed with the answers of otherrespondents, the results will be represented in generalized view after computerprocessing. Thus, we guarantee you confidentiality of Your opinion.
S.1. Do You participate in solving problems regarding utility services provided to youhousehold?
S.2. Can I speak to a person who takes decision on utility services, provided to Yourhousehold?
2. MAIN INTERVIEWВ.1. Do you know what is “Energy saving”?
В.2. What does “Energy saving” means for you, for example, on part of heat and hotwater saving?
ANNEXES
44
В.3. Do You perform the following measures to save heat in your apartment or in thehall? ONE ANSWER IN EACH LINE
В.4. ASK QUESTIONS ON THOSE VARIANTS ON WHICH RESPONDENT MARKED “NO”IN В3. Why do You not perform any measures on heat saving in your apartment or in thehall? CARD В 4.
1) Don’t think it is necessary2) I’m trying but do not succeed because I need much money, for example,for window replacement3) It’s very hot in the apartment, I have to open windows even in cold period of year Other (write down)_________________________________________________________
В.5. Do You consider it important to care about heat saving for the reduction of yourheat bills?
В.6. What should You do then? CAN BE SEVERAL VARIANTS
ANNEXES
45
YesNo
12
ContinueMove to q. 12
В.7. Do You close the door after you enter or leave in the hall? ONLY ONE ANSWER
В.8. Do You have a combination lock/on�door speakerphone on the door in the hall?
В.9. Does a combination lock/on�door speakerphone work?
В.10. Do the tenants always close the door on combination lock?
В. 11. Ask only those respondents who choose “No” (code 2) in q.8. For others – moveto q. 12
В.11. Why do you have no combination lock or on�speakerphone on the door?
В.12. Did You ask about the work of heating system of the house when you bought/privatized your dwelling?
В.13. Why didn’t You ask questions about the work of heating system of the housewhen you bought/privatized your dwelling? (CARD В13)
В. 14 Ask those respondents who chose “Yes” (code 1) in q. 12. For others – move to q. 15
ANNEXES
46
Yes, I know this system very wellI know this heat system skin�deepPractically, I don’t know anything about heat system in my apartmentI know nothing about heating systems
1234
Move to q. 17
Continue
В.14. Who did you ask about the heating system of the house where you bought anapartment?
В.15. Do You know the scheme of work of heating system in your house (for example,do you know what kind of system is in Your house, from what place the heat comes andwith what parameters)?
В.16. Why didn’t You ask this question? CARD В. 16
В.17. If You don’t like the work of your heating system and hot water supply (too cold orhot) whom do You address? SEVERAL VARIANTS POSSIBLE
1. apartment owners’ society2. heat supplying company3. talk with neighbors4. call to Emergency situations service (051)5. Other (write down)_______________________________________________________________В.18. Who do You think is guilty for the problems of heat supply system?1. heat supplying company2. apartment owners’ society3. neighbors4. Other (write down)__________________________________________________________В.19. Do You know about the following energy saving (heat and hot water) technologies?
CARD В. 19
В.20. What other energy saving (heat and hot water) technologies do You know?WRIGHT DOWN________________________________________________________________99. nothingВ.21. From what sources did You get information about energy saving technologies?
APC)
47
В.22. In whole, how much is important to save heat to your opinion? Please, give scoreson 4 score scale taking into account that 1 is not important at all and 4 – very important.
В.23. What benefits do You see in applying energy saving (heat and hot water)technologies? SEVERAL VARIANTS POSSIBLE (CARD В23)
В.24. Put priorities in the following list of reasons why it is necessary to save heat(1 –highest, 4� lowest) (CARD В24)
В.25. How do You pay for heat now?
В.26. What do You think, why You don’t have metering device in your house?
В.27. If You have no metering device for heat and you pay on general tariff, do You thinkYou overpay for heat or pay less?
1. Overpay (sum should be lower)2. Pay less (sum should be higher)3. Pay as much as I get heatВ.28 Ask only those respondents who chose variant “according to metering device” in
q. 25 (code 1). For others – move to q. 29В.28. If there is a metering device in your house, can You participate in its reading?1. Yes (for example, I participate in its reading in apartment owners’ society)2. NoВ.29. Are You satisfied with the current level for heat payment? CARD В. 29
48
В.30. Do You pay for heating in time and fully?
В.31. What is the cause of untimely payment /not full payment for heating?
В.32. What is the average level of temperature in your apartment in winter? ONLY ONEANSWER
В.33. What should be the average temperature in your apartment in winter in youropinion? ONLY ONE ANSWER
В.34. What way of heat payment would You prefer?
В.35. Why would You prefer this way?
ANNEXES
49
В.36. What kind of heating would you prefer to use in your apartment? ONEANSWER (CARD В36)
В.37. Are You ready to spend money on renovation of heating system (for example,installation of special devices that allow regulation of heating in the house or apartment,for regulation temperature or for switching the system when needed depending on airtemperature), but to pay significantly less later?
В.38. What sum are You ready to pay for heating system renovation in your house?
В.39. Do You agree to sign an agreement with ESCO for provision energy savingmeasures in your apartment owners’ society/condominium so that after all these measuresand payments (reimbursement of ESCO funds from the project) for installed equipmentand performed work, to pay less for heat and hot water?
3. POPULATION BLOCKD.1. Respondent gender (Questioner! Mark without asking)1. Male2. FemaleD.2. Education?1. Elementary, incomplete secondary2. Secondary, specialized secondary education
ANNEXES
50
3. Higher education, incomplete higher educationD.3. Your marital status?1. Married /live together2. Not married/divorced/widow/widowerD.4. Do You work now?1. Yes2. No
D.5. What do You do now? WRITE DOWN__________________________ (CARD D5)1. Pensioner (unemployed), disable (unemployed)2. unemployed /temporally unemployed on own decision3. Housewife, young mother4. Manager in company (deputy), head of subdivision5. Specialist but not manager6. Military worker/ military man7. Entrepreneur8. Qualified worker9. Not qualified worker10. Manager11. Official/state employee12. official13. other (write down)___________________________ _
D.6. What part of Your family income is spent on food? (CARD D6)1. Less than one forth2. From one forth to half of family income3. From half to three quarters of family income4. More than three quarters or practically all family income9. Can’t say
D.7. HOW MANY PEOPLE CONSTANTLY LIVE IN YOUR HOUSE INCLUDING YOU?
D.8. Please, list gender and age of every person living in your house including You.
D.9. What of these statements characterize Your standard of life more precisely?MARK SUITABLE CODE (Card D9)1. We don’t have any financial problems. We can buy an apartment or house if we need2. We have enough money for everything (expensive things, car, etc.), but for such expensive
as an apartment or country�house
ANNEXES
51
3. We can buy basic domestic appliances but not enough for a car4. We have money for food and clothes but it will be difficult for us to buy a TV�set, fridge or
washing machine5. We have money for food but it’s a problem for us to buy clothes6. We don’t always have enough money for food9. Refused to answer
D.10. Please look on the card and give the sum of your family monthly income?(CARD D10)
ANNEXES
52
5.2. Questionary for legal entities
SELECTION BLOCKВ.1. Is this Your company’s office or You rent it?1. Own2. Rented=> FINISH INTERVIEWВ.2. Does Your company buys heat services itself (as a rule the given company is premises
owner)?1. Yes2. No => FINISH INTERVIEWВ.3. Are You company’s employee dealing with issues of utility services, in particular, heat
supply?1. Yes2. No=> ASK TO INVITE A PERSON WHOSE DEALS WITH ISSUES OF UTILITY SERVICES. IN
CASE OF REFUSAL – FINISH INTERVIEWВ.4. Who is responsible for energy saving and/or reduction of heat bills in Your company?
Questioner! Write down gender and position4.1. Position ______________________________________________________________4.2. Gender: 1. male 2. FemaleВ.5. What is the sphere of activity of the company You work for?Describe briefly but particularly__________________________________________QUESTIONER! CODE BELOW!1. Production of consumer goods2. Production for industrial market3. Commerce /sale4. Transport/communications5. construction and real estate activities6. finances, insurance7. Health protection/education/science8. Agriculture9. Consulting services Other (WRITE DOWN)______________________________
ANNEXES
53
В.6. How many people work in Your company? CARD В61. Less than 50 people;2. 51 – 250 people;3. More than 250 people.
В.7. Please, give me information about the annual turnover of Your company? I don’t askYou about the exact sum, it will be enough if you say in what interval the annual turnover is. Thisquestion is necessary for classification of your company during the analysis. SHOW CARD!
1. To 100 000 USD2. 100 001�500 000 USD3. 500 001 – 1 000 000 USD4. 1 000 001 – 3 000 000 USD5. 3 000 001 – 5 000 000 USD6. More than 5 000 000 USD)7. Refused to answer
General information about the company and its ways of buying heat servicesВ.8. What company supplies You with heat services? WRITE DOWN IN DETAIL!______________________________________________________________________________В.9. Estimate the level of Your satisfaction with heat services?
В.10. What is the cause of Your absolute or partial dissatisfaction with the given services?1. Not enough heat (it’s cold in the premises);2. There happen malfunctions, heat switching off;3. High tariffs;4. Often change of tariffs;Other (pls. specify)_________________________В.11. How do You pay for heat?
В.12. According to what tariff does Your company pay for heat now?
В.13. What tariff is acceptable for Your company?
ANNEXES
54
В.14. Remember how many times did tariffs change for the last two years?1. Only once2. 2�3 times3. 4�5 раз4. More than 5 times5. Not changed => MOVE TO Q В16В.15. How much (by what %) did tariffs rise for Your company for the last two years? WRITE DOWN _______ %В.16. What is the average temperature in Your premises1. Less than 18 C2. 18�19 C3. 20�21 C4. 22�23 C5. 24�25 C6. More than 25 C
Awareness and estimation of energy saving possibilities. Energy saving practiceВ.17. Do You know the law on energy saving that is in force now?1. No, I don`t know;2. I know something;3. Yes, I know it well.В.18. Have You ever took part in any trainings on energy saving issues/got any special
information?1. Yes2. No => MOVE TO Q В21В.19. What trainings on energy saving did You participate?В.20. Who hold these trainings, gave these materials?
В.21. What normative and instructive materials on energy saving does Your company use?Write down in detail!
____________________________________________________________________________________________99. NothingВ.22. Did You try to find information on energy saving (heat saving) yourself?1. Yes2. No => MOVE TO Q 24В.23. What sources did You use while searching the given information?1. Special publications;2. Mass media;3. Internet;4. Colleagues, friend, acquaintances; Other (write down)__________________________________________________________________В.24. What measures/technologies on energy saving do You know? WRITE DOWN IN DETAIL!_______________________________________________________________________________________99. NothingВ.25. Do You know the following measures/technologies on energy saving? (CARD В25)
Several answers possible
ANNEXES
55
В.26. What measures/technologies on energy saving does Your company use? Severalanswers possible
В.27. Are You satisfied with applying these measures/technologies? Estimate on 5 scorescale, where 1� absolutely not satisfied and 5 – absolutely satisfied
В.28. If there are such measures/technologies, whose initiative it was? PUT THE CODE INTHE TABLE BELOW
1. Akimat,2. Superior agencies,3. company4. Heat supplying company5. Other (write down)______________________________________________В.29. What of the listed technologies that You do not use now You would like to use? SEVERAL
ANSWERS POSSIBLE
В.30. ASK ONLY THOSE WHO USE TECHNOLOGIES of energy saving (HEAT SAVING). Howmuch (including additional expenses) did You spend on measures of heat energy, installation ofenergy saving (heat saving) equipment in recent years?
WRITE DOWN ________________ TENGEВ.31. Do You know a company who installs energy saving (heat saving) equipment?1. Yes2. No => MOVE TO Q34В.32. What companies that install energy saving (heat saving) equipment do You know?
WRITE DOWN______________________________________________________________________________99. NoВ.33. What company’s services do you use /would like to use? WRITE DOWN______________________________________________________________________________99. NoQuestioner! Ask respondents Q. 34�35 only if they chose code 99 in q. 26. For others –
move to q. 36В.34. Why don’t You use energy saving technologies?1. Don’t see any benefit;2. Never thought about that3. No money for their introduction;4. There is a possibility to disturb working process;
Technical devices installed in heat points of the housesthat allow regulation of heat supply depending of ambienttemperature and heat carrier parametersValves installed in the basement of houses to regulateheating in the houseValves installed on radiators in apartments to regulateheating in the apartment or roomWarming basementsWarming attics and wallsWarming windowsReplacement of old windows for plastic onesClosing the doorThermal curtain of doorsOther (WRITE DOWN)
Никакие
В25
1
2
456789
99
В26
1
2
3
456789
99
В27
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5
В28 В29
1
2
3
99
ANNEXES
56
5. No/ don’t know acceptable providers of these services;6. Too expensive; Other (WRITE DOWN) _______________________________________________В.35. How much are You ready to pay for energy saving (heat saving) equipment?
__________________________________________________________________В.36. Put priorities in the following list of reasons why it’s necessary to save energy (1 –high,
4� low):
В.37. Do Your employees follow the rules? ONE ANSWER IN EACH LINE
В.38. Do You have plastic windows in your office?1. Yes => MOVE TO Q В402. NoВ.39. Why didn’t You install plastic windows?1. Very expensive;2. No need; Other (WRITE DOWN) _______________________________________________
ANNEXES
57
В.40. What problems during installation/use of heat saving equipment did Your companyhave?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
В.41. What should be done to interest a company or agency to install energy savingequipment in Your opinion?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
В.42. Do You agree to sign a contract with ESCO for providing measures on energy saving inYour building so that after all these measures and payments (reimbursement of ESCO fundsfrom the project) for installed equipment and performed work, to pay less for heat and hotwater?
В.43. Who should finance the reconstruction of heating system inside the houses in Youropinion?
В.44. Why do You think so?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ANNEXES
58
5.3. Guide of semi�structured interview with representatives of apartmentowners society / condominium
I. Information on apartment owners’ society and heat supply quality in the housesserviced by apartment owners’ society
1. Information on apartment owners’ society
2. What company provides You with heat services? Questioner! WRITE DOWN in detail!____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Are You satisfied with heat supplier?
ANNEXES
ekonomy class
59
4. Give the reasons of your satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Questioner! WRITE DOWN in detail!______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Do You have any problems with heat supplier?
6. What kind of problems? Questioner! WRITE DOWN in detail!
7. Do You have problems with heat distribution among the houses /inside them?
8. What kind of problems do You have? Questioner! WRITE DOWN in detail!
9. Do You have any problems with heat payments of tenants?
10. What kind of problems?
YesNo
ContinueMove to Q. 12
12
Tenants complain about the services but pay anyway 1Tenants systematically do not pay for services
Tenants do not pay for services at allOther (Questioner! WRITE DOWN in detail)
23
ANNEXES
60
11. What factors prevent timely and full payment for heat energy on part of population in Youropinion?
II. Awareness and estimation of possibilities of energy saving technologies
12. What ways of heat saving in the dwelling do You know?
99. Nothing/ З/О => MOVE TO Q. 1513. What are the most effective?
14. What are the most available to introduce right now in Your opinion?
ANNEXES
61
15. What of the following measures that allow to saving heat does Your apartment owners’society do?
16. Why don’t you take these measures?
17. Pls., describe the existing instructions and norms on heat supply.
№
Warming attics 1
Closing windows in cold season
Warming basements
Replacement of doors in the halls
Replacement of windows in the halls
Nothing
2
3
4
5
98
Questioner! Ask respondents q. 16 only on measures not asked in q. 15. If respondentlisted all measures � Move to q. 17
Closing windowsin cold season
ReasonsMeasures
Warming attics
Replacement ofdoors in the halls
Replacement ofwindows in the halls
Basic contents Whopublished
Howimplemented
Why they arenot implemented
ANNEXES
62
18. Do You know the law on energy saving issued in 1997?
19. Pls give main provisions of this law.
20. Did You ever participate in any trainings on energy saving /got any special information?
1 –bad2 –rather bad3� satisfactory4� good5 – excellent
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1
2
3
Continue3
1
2
Move to q. 20
ANNEXES
Yes, I know it well
No, I don`t know
I know something
63
21. What training did You take part?22. Who hold these trainings, gave the given materials?
23. Did You try to find any information on energy saving (heat saving)?
24. What sources did You use during the search?
25. When You were trying to find such information what was your incentive? (for example,curiosity, tenants’ requests, order from the superior, to cut down heat bills, etc.)
III. Practice of energy saving in heat supply in apartment owners’ society
26. Does apartment owners’ society prepare special plans, measures, and programs onenergy saving in heat supply?
YesNo
ContinueMove to Q. 23
12
В.22Activity
Courses/workshops
Meetings/briefings
Written instructions and materials
Other (WRITE DOWN)
В21
1
2
3
YesNo
ContinueMove to Q. 26
12
1
2
3
4
Special publications
Mass media
Internet
Colleagues, friends, acquaintances
Other (WRITE DOWN)
YesNo
ContinueMove to Q. 28
12
Curiosity
tenants’ requests
order from the superior
Other (WRITE DOWN)
1
2
3
4
ANNEXES
64
27. Pls. List special plans, measures, programs that are prepared?
28. Do You do explanatory work with tenants on issues of saving heat in apartments andhalls?
29. Why don’t You do explanatory work with tenants on issues of saving heat in apartmentsand halls?
30. What rules should the tenants follow to save heat?
31. Are there combination locks on the doors of the halls?
YesNo
Move to Q. 30Continue
12
1
2
3
Other (WRITE DOWN)
Don’t think it necessary
This work should be doneby heat suppliers and not byapartment owners’ society
It doesn’t change anything
In hallsIn apartments
Move to Q. 33
4
Continue
Yes, installed in all houses
Yes, installed in most houses
Yes, installed only in some houses
No, not installed
1
2
3
ANNEXES
65
32. Why aren’t there combination locks in the halls in all houses?
33. Do You have closers on all doors in the halls?
34. Why did closers not installed on all doors in the halls of the houses?
35. Do you have on�door speakerphones in the halls?
Move to Q. 37
4
Continue
Yes, installed in all houses
Yes, installed in most houses
Yes, installed only in some houses
No, not installed
1
2
3
Move to Q. 35
4
Continue
Yes, installed in all houses
Yes, installed in most houses
Yes, installed only in some houses
No, not installed
1
2
3
6
Apartment owners’ association can’t finance that and tenants don’t want to do it at their expense
No person to collect money and finding a company that can install closer
Good combination closers are expensive and cheap ones are not effective
Good combination closers cannot be bought/ they are not sold
Closers were installed but somebody broke them
Not all halls have doors/doors are of bad quality so it’s impossible to install closer
Installation of closer demands replacement of door
Other (WRITE DOWN)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Apartment owners’ association can’t finance that and tenants don’t want to do it at their expense
No person to collect money and finding a company that can install lock
Good combination locks are expensive and cheap ones are not effective
Good combination locks cannot be bought/ they are not sold
Combination locks were installed but somebody broke themNot all halls have doors/doors are of bad quality so it’s impossible to install lock
Installation of combination lock demands replacement of door
Other (WRITE DOWN)
1
2
3
4
5
7
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36. Why did on�door speakerphones not installed on all doors in the halls of the houses?
37. Do You have metering devices in the houses referred to apartment owners’ society?
38. Did You have a situation in your apartment owners’ society when the metering deviceswere installed and then unstalled?
39. What was the reason of dismantling?
Questioner! Ask respondents Q. 40 only if they chose variant No (code 2) or «З/О» (код 9) inQ. 38. For others – move to Q. 41
40. What prevents the installation of metering devices in the houses that are in apartmentowners’ society? SEVERAL VARIANTS POSSIBLE
6
Apartment owners’ association can’t finance that and tenants don’t want to do it at their expense
No person to collect money and finding a company that can install on�door speakerphone
Good on�door speakerphones are expensive and cheap ones are not effective
Good on�door speakerphones cannot be bought/ they are not sold
on�door speakerphones were installed but somebody broke them
Not all halls have doors/doors are of bad quality so it’s impossible to installon�door speakerphone
Installation of closer demands replacement of door
Other (WRITE DOWN)
1
2
3
4
5
7
Move to Q. 35
4
Continue
Yes, they are installed in all houses
Yes, they are installed in most houses
Yes, they are installed in small number of houses
Yes, they are installed in several houses
1
2
3
No, they are not installed 5
YesNo
ContinueMove to Q. 40
12
З/О 9
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41. I’ll list technologies that allow saving heat. Could you tell me what technologies you use atheat supply in your houses?
1. Not installed;2. Installed in some houses;3. Installed in small number of houses;4. Installed in most houses;5. Everywhere
42. What of the listed technologies that You don’t use know would You like to use? SEVERALANSWERS POSSIBLE
43. What prevents to use these measures and technologies and what should be done to theirintroduction?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tenants refused to give money for the installation thinking that it is very expensive
Tenants do not see any benefit
Apartment owners’ assotiation cannot install such devices
It’s difficult/impossible to find a company that can install metering devices
We have no /there wasn’t order from the authorities
Other (WRITE DOWN)
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
99
Technical devices installed in heat points of the house that allow regulationof heat supply automatically depending on ambient temperature and heatcarrier parameters
Nothing
Other (WRITE DOWN)
Valves/thermoregulators installed on radiators in the apartments forregulation heating in the apartment or room
Technical devices installed in the basement of the house for manualregulation of heating in the house
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44. Do You have any certain plan to implement energy saving measures, install/introduce
45. Why don’t You want to use energy saving technologies in heat supply?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
46. Put priorities in the following list of reasons why it is necessary to save energy ( 1 –high, 4� low) (CARD В46)
47. Is there any link between energy saving and global climate in Your opinion /ecological conditions in cities?48. What is the link between energy saving and global climate in Your opinion /ecological conditions in cities?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________49. Is your apartment owners’ society ready to pay for renovation of heating system (for example, installation ofspecial devices that regulate temperature in the apartment depending on ambient temperature) so that you could pay
less for heating later?50. Do You agree to sign a contract with ESCO for providing measures on energy saving in Your building so that after
all these measures and payments (reimbursement of ESCO funds from the project) for installed equipment andperformed work, to pay less for heat and hot water?51. Pls, comment Your answer.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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52. Who should finance renovation of heating system inside the houses?53. Why do You think so?
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.4. Guide of deep interview
General block for all categories of respondents
Questioner! You must mark respondent’s gender!
The center of sociologic and marketing research BISAM CENTRAL ASIA in the frames ofUNDP/GEF project in Kazakhstan and Agency RK on regulation of natural monopolies «Removingbarriers to energy efficiency in municipal heat and hot water supply» holds a research oneconomical, social and managerial aspects of energy saving. The results of research will assistin development of effective strategies that can be supported by population, public andcommerce.
Your opinions and estimations are very precious for us. They will be used only for the research.Thank you for cooperation.
The assessment of existing situation in the sphere of energy effectiveness (heat saving)� How would You characterize the existing legal and normative framework in the sphere of
energy saving, first of all, on part of hot water and heat? What can You say about the law onenergy saving that is in force from 1997? How well do the agencies regulating the issues of heatsupply, heat producers and suppliers, companies, distributing and consuming heat enterprisesknow it? Does the law work? Comment Your opinion.
� What other normative and instructive materials on issues of energy/heat saving affect: � heat producers; � heat supplying and distributing companies; � organizations in the sphere of housing utility economy, apartment owners’ society; � enterprises and households – heat consumers?� Pls, name and characterize these materials, estimate their completeness, certainty,
purposiveness. To what degree are they implemented? What is the cause of failure to executeor insufficient execution?
What can You say about expediency, reality, effectiveness of these norms and instructions?What problems do you meet during their implementation? What can You offer for theirimprovement?
� How can You characterize the existing system of organization, regulation and control of heatsaving? What bodies are connected with this system? What are their function and role? What isyour experience of cooperation with these bodies? What are strong and weak spots of theexisting system? What can be done for improvement of its effectiveness? What can You sayabout real and potential role of public, NGOs in solving issues of energy saving?
� Do You know any special state programs, and also programs funded by internationalorganizations and financial institutions on issues of energy/heat saving in Kazakhstan or separateregions? What can You say about content, effectiveness and real results of these programs?
� What place does energy saving occupies in solving problems and preventing threatsconnected with global climate (greenhouse effect, global warming, etc.), in your opinion? Whatmeasures on energy saving can really impact the solving of such problems?
� How can You assess the connection of energy saving with ecological conditions in cities? Towhat can lead or already led the impact of measures of energy saving on cities ecology? If possible,pls, illustrate your opinion with the description of trends, indicators. What is the situationconcerning that in Almaty/Astana? What is done or will be done to improve the situation?
Reserves of heat supply� What means of improving the practice of energy saving on part of heat and hot water exist� in the sphere of heat and hot water production;� in the sphere of heat and hot water supply and distribution;� in the sphere of heat and hot water consumption?� What prevents the implementation of such measures? What should be done to remove
these obstacles? How can financing for necessary measures be organized the best way?� What energy saving technologies on part of heat and hot water exist? Which of them are the
most acceptable depending on the region, type of consumers, etc, in your opinion? What isdone or could be done to introduce these technologies, particularly, technologies in regulationand calculation of heat and hot water supply?
� What can You say about companies producing and installing these equipment? What of
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these companies are more competitive? Why? What are weak and strong spots in the strategyand practice of companies working on energy saving, in your opinion?
� What are the most effective incentives to interest energy producers and consumers to saveheat and hot water?
� Who should finance renovation of heating system inside dwellings, in your opinion? Why doyou think so? Who should finance renovation of heating system inside administration buildings?Why?
� In accordance with the Law of the RK «On natural monopolies», the installation of generalhouse heat metering devices everywhere should be finished till January 1, 2009. What do youthink about that? Is that real/not real to finish this work in time? Why do you think so? If it’s notreal, what prevents to finish the given program in time? How can this problem be solved? Why doyou think so?
Block for enterprises/heat and energy producing and distributing companies � What is therole of your organization and its possibilities in energy saving?
Can you characterize how many men and women (in % or absolute relation) in your companyknow and/or take part in solving issues on energy saving?
� Do you contact with your consumers on issues of energy saving? In what questions, insolving what issues do you need cooperation with consumers? What specific problems occur inthe relationship with different type of producers and consumer – individuals and legal entities?How these problems are solved and how should they be solved?
Block for energy saving companies� Characterize the main features of your company’s activity. When was it established? Is that
separate company or a part of a bigger structure? What is the scale of its activity? (Coverage ofregions, branches, consumers’ segments. If you think it possible, pls, give the main productiveand financial indicators of company’s activity). What are competitive positions and advantagesof the company?
� Characterize the main types of your consumers. What are their specific needs? Whatproblems do you have with them?
� What products, services are of great demand, and what of low demand? Why?� What do you do and plan to expand your clients’ base? What obstacles do you have here?
What is necessary to overcome them?� What measures do you take or are going to take to increase demand and quality of your
products/services?Can you characterize how many men and women (in % or absolute relation) in your company
know and/or take part in solving issues on energy saving?
Block for state regulating bodies� What is the function of your body/department in the issues of energy saving in a whole and
heat and hot water saving in particular? How do you perform these functions?� What problems in implementation of energy saving do your dependent/under control
agencies have? How are these problems solved or how they are planned to be solved?� What special projects are performed (controlled, regulated) by your structure is the sphere
of energy saving? What projects are planned? What are achieved and expected results?Can you characterize how many men and women (in % or absolute relation) in your company
know and/or take part in solving issues on energy saving?
Block for NGOs� What does your agency do in the sphere of energy saving, particularly, in the sphere of heat
and hot water supply? What are the results of that work? � What problems do you place for statebodies, publicity, businesses and population? What is the reaction?
� Do you perform any special programs on energy saving? Give the description of the program,expected and achieved results.
Can you characterize how many men and women (in % or absolute relation) in your companyknow and/or take part in solving issues on energy saving?
Block for educational institutions� What is the role of energy/heat saving issues in preparation of your specialists? In what
study plans, disciple programs are the present? Do you have special courses? What are thebasic themes, problems concerning energy saving that are studied by your students?
� Do you have enough time to study these courses or sections? Do you like their content?How well are you provided with necessary literature? What is done and should be done to improve
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teaching the issues of energy saving?Can you characterize how many men and women (in % or absolute relation) in your company
know and/or take part in solving issues on energy saving?
5.5. Guide of deep interview for the representatives of international foreign financialinstitutions and banks, operating in Kazakhstan
Questioner! You must mark respondent’s gender!The center of sociologic and marketing research BISAM CENTRAL ASIA in the frames of
UNDP/GEF project in Kazakhstan and Agency of the RK on regulation of natural monopolies«Removing barriers to energy efficiency in municipal heat and hot water supply» holds a researchon economical, social and managerial aspects of energy saving. The results of research willassist in development of effective strategies that can be supported by population, public andcommerce.
One of the main directions of research is to study problem of energy saving projects financing.This part can deal with crediting of producing, introducing or using energy saving technologiesenterprises and with support of special programs, more broad financial credit provision in thesphere of energy production and consumption with presence of energy saving aspects.
Your opinions and estimations are very precious for us. They will be used only for the research.Thank you for cooperation.
Principles and features of financing/crediting in the sphere of energy savingDo you have any special conditions for crediting projects/programs on energy saving,
projects/programs that include any aspects of energy saving, enterprises assisting in energysaving? Pls, list the conditions in detail. What is their content? What are they aimed at? Howeffective they are from the point of attracting clients? Do they play rather a commercial role orthey should position social responsibility of your company?
Are you interested in financing energy saving programs and organizations that directly orindirectly take part in solving the becoming questions? Why are you interested in this? Do youget any incentives from state, international and local NGOs, financial institutions?
If you don’t have special conditions for financing/crediting in the sphere of energy saving, areyou going to introduce them?
What can initiate your bank/financial institution to pay special attention to financing/creditingin the direction of energy saving? What will be the most effective form of such activity?
What do you think, how participation in support of energy saving programs will assist inpositioning of social responsibility of your institution, its reputation in the society, in the country?
Experience and practice of financing/crediting of energy savingDid you perform any special programs or did you participate in implementation of special
programs on energy saving? Pls, give details on each program. What were financial sources ofthe program (credit lines, etc.)? What was its content, principles and conditions of including ofaccommodated party in it? How effective was the program? Could you give quantitativeindicators, characterizing its results? If the program was closed, what was the reason? Is therethe prospective to continue this program? What can prevent the implementation of suchprospective?
Let’s speak with you about companies of different branches/profiles relating to energy savingand being your potential clients. I’ll ask you the same questions on each group of companies.
How often do such companies address you? What are the purposes for their credits? Howoften do you satisfy their requests? What are the reasons of absolute or partial refusal? Give theexamples of implementation of concrete projects. What conclusions, lessons do you get fromthese examples? How are you interested in such companies as clients? Why are you interested/not interested in this?
Companies:
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� heat producing companies;� heat and power transportation companies;� housing communal economy companies;� apartment owners’ society;� companies, producing/ installing energy saving equipmentDid various companies, enterprises, state bodies address you for financing/crediting the
installation of energy saving equipment and introduction of energy saving technologies? Whatare the results of such requests? Give the examples of implemented projects. Are you interestedin such projects? Why are you interested/not interested in this? (Now, the questioning related tothe above listed companies finished)
In accordance with the law of the RK «on natural monopolies», the installation of generalhouse heat metering devices everywhere should be finished till January 1, 2009. Would you liketo participate and are you going to participate in implementation of this program? In what forms?At what conditions? If you are not going, why? What obstacles should be removed?
Own relation to the issues of energy savingLet me ask you several questions on your own perception of energy saving problems.What place does energy saving occupy in solving problems and prevention of threats relating
to global climate (greenhouse effect, global warming, etc.) in your opinion? What measures forenergy saving can really impact the solving of these problems?
How do you assess the link of energy saving and ecological conditions in cities? What are theresults of impact of energy saving measures on cities’ ecology? What is the situation in Almaty /Astana?
How will solving the problem of energy saving affect the solving of social questions, in youropinion? Do you agree with the statement that favorable financing/crediting of programs andactivities on energy saving will facilitate the positioning of social responsibility of your organization?
Do you know anything about state programs on energy saving? What can you say about itscontent and results?
Do you know anything about any legal acts on energy saving? What can you say about itscontent and real application? Do the provisions of these laws affect the activity of your institution/bank?
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