UNDP DRM Programme Support Document

Government of Malawi (GoM)

Office of the President and Cabinet (OPC)

Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA)

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Country: MALAWI

Programme Support Document (PSD)

Project Title:

Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Programme Support to Malawi 2012-2016

5 June 2012

UNDAF Key Priority 1:

National policies, local and national institutions effectively support equitable and sustainable economic growth and food security by 2016.

UNDAF Outcomes:

1.3: Targeted population in selected districts benefit from effective management of environment; natural resources; climate change and disaster risk by 2016.

UNDAF-AP Outputs:

1.3.1 Disaster risk management mainstreamed in policies, development plans and programmes at national level and implemented in 15 disaster-prone districts;

1.3.2 Data and knowledge on the impact of natural disaster collected and made accessible to decision makers and government, private sector and civil society;

1.3.3 Coordination mechanisms and implementation arrangements for DRM/DRR established and used at national level and disaster-prone districts;

CPD outcome:

National policies, local and national institutions effectively support equitable and sustainable economic growth and food security by 2016

Implementing Partner : Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA)

Responsible parties: DoDMA; MoF; MoEPD; MoECC; MoLHUD; MoLGRD and NGOs

Implementation Modality: National Implementation (NIM)

(Programme Period:2012 - 2016Programme Component:Crisis Prevention and RecoveryAtlas Award ID:67161Start date:July 2012End DateDecember 2016PAC Meeting Date1st June 2012Management Arrangements:National Execution) (Total resources required 7,230,000Total allocated resources:5,900,000Regular (TRAC)2,540,000Other:GEF (TBC2,785,000BCPR (TBC) 200,000GFDRR (TBC) 395,000Unfunded budget:1,310.000In-kind Contributions_________) (Brief DescriptionThe National Disaster Risk Management (NDRM) policy lists the main priorities of the government of Malawi (GoM) on disaster preparedness, response mitigation and recovery. Broadly, multi-sector preparedness and planning and response capacity will be developed at national, district and community levels to reduce disaster risks and shocks to vulnerable people. Specifically, the following are the main pillars of this Programme Support Document (PSD): Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and planning processes at all levels of government; Establishment of an effective system to identify, assess and monitor disaster risks under data and information knowledge including early warning systems (EWS’s); and strengthening coordination. The Malawi DRM system is in a transition phase from a disaster management-reactive approach to a more comprehensive disaster risk management approach. Although progress has been made to establish supporting strategic frameworks and institutional mechanisms, several needs and challenges remain, with the main ones to be addressed by this PSD, to assist the Government of Malawi on key issues of disaster risk management aimed to reduce damage and losses caused by disasters.)

Signature Page

National Implementing Partner

On behalf of UNDP

Name: Mr. Jeffrey Kanyinji

Title: Commissioner for Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA)

Signature:..........................................................

Date:

Name: Richard Dictus

Title: UNDP Resident Representative

Signature:...............................................................

Date:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS5

GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS (ISDR, 2009)6

I.Situation Analysis7

(a)Strong linkages between poverty and population vulnerability to disaster shocks.7

(b)Disaster shocks and damage and losses8

(c)Institutional and policy landscape8

(d)UN Coordination Mechanism in DRM and DRR8

(e)Risk Profile10

(f)Implications of climate change, variability and adaptation to socio-economic development11

IIStrategy13

III. Results and Resources Framework18

IVMonitoring Framework And Evaluation23

V. monitoring and evaluation MATRIX27

VI. Management Arrangements30

VII.Legal Context34

VIIIAnnexes35

Risk Analysis.35

Terms of Reference for Key Programme Personnel and IP checklist36

LIST OF ACRONYMS

CARLAClimate Adaptation for Rural Livelihoods and Agriculture

BCPRBureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery

CCClimate Change

CPAPCountry Programme Action Plan

CPDCountry Programme Document

CSOCivil Society Organization

DCPCDistrict Civil Protection Committee

DDPDistrict Development Plan

DDRMODistrict Disaster Risk Management Officer

DECDistrict Executive Committee

DfIDUK Department for International Development

DoDMADepartment of Disaster Management Affairs

DPDDirector of Planning and Development

DMDisaster Management

DRMDisaster Risk Management

DRRDisaster Risk Reduction

ECRPEnhancing Climate Resilience Programme

ENREnvironment and Natural Resources

EWSEarly Warning System

FAOFood and Agriculture Organization

GEFGlobal Environment Facility

GFDRRGlobal Fund for Disaster Risk Reduction

GoMGovernment of Malawi

LDCFLeast Developed Country Fund (under GEF)

MDGMillennium Development Goal

MGDSMalawi Growth and Development Strategy

MoAIWDMinistry of Agriculture Irrigation and Water Development

MoESTMinistry of Education, Science and Technology

MoFDPMinistry of Finance and Development Planning

MoHMinistry of Health

MoLGRDMinistry of Local Government and Rural Development

MoLHUDMinistry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development

MRCSMalawi Red Cross Society

NAPANational Adaptation Plan of Action

NCCCNational Climate Change Committee

NDRMNational Disaster Risk Management Policy

NDPRCNational Disaster Preparedness and Relief Committee

NGONon-Governmental Organization

OPCOffice of the President and Cabinet

PSPrincipal Secretary

PSDProgramme Support Document

SCSteering Committee

TCTechnical Committee

UNDAFUnited Nations Development Assistance Framework

UNDPUnited Nations Development Programme

UNICEFUnited Nations Children’s Fund

UNFCCCUnited Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change

UNFPAUnited Nations Population Fund

WFPWorld Food Programme

GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS (ISDR, 2009)

Adaptation: The adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.

Disaster risk management refers to the ‘systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disasters.

Disaster risk reduction specifically refers to the introduction of measures for the application of ‘the concept and practice of reducing disaster risk through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.’

Disaster management refers to the organisation and management of resources and responsibilities for addressing all aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and initial recovery steps.

Disaster as it is understood in this PSD is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

Disaster risk is the potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period.

Contingency planning is a management process that analyses specific potential events or emerging situations that might threaten society or the environment and establishes arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and situations.

Early warning system is the set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.

Hazard as it is used in this PSD is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Mitigation involves the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Preparedness: The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions.

Prevention refers to the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Resilience is the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.

Risk assessment: A methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that together could potentially harm exposed people, property, services, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend.

Vulnerability refers to the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

Situation Analysis

The Programme Support Document (PSD) provides the framework of UNDP’s assistance to the Government of Malawi for a disaster risk management support programme for 2012 - 2016, following the MGDS-II, United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and CPD priorities. Following the new UNDP CPD 2012-2016[footnoteRef:1] and the UNDAF[footnoteRef:2] for 2012-2016, this five year programme support document on disaster risk management (DRM) in Malawi, is aligned to the Hyogo framework for Action (HFA) and its 2009 and 2011 revisions comprised in the Global Assessment Reports (www.isdr.org/gar) and MGDS-II (2011–2016). Under UNDP’s Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) for 2008-11, UNDP aimed to support, through the Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA) the following: (i) Finalization of a national DRM strategy and the DRM policy; (ii) Integration and mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) into an integrated disaster risk management cycle, in government policies, planning, programmes and capacity development. Currently, key areas to be targeted by disaster risk management (DRM) into existing development instruments[footnoteRef:3] are: [1: In the new CPD and UNDAF, UNDP will contribute under the Outcome “Climate Change, Environment, Natural Resources and Disaster Management” mainly concentrate on: 1. Mainstreaming; 2. Coordination; and, 3. Data and Knowledge Management;] [2: Under the UNDAF 2012 - 2016 Theme 1 – Sustainable and Equitable Economic Growth and Food Security, UNDP is the lead agency for the Outcome 1.3: Targeted population in selected districts benefit from effective management of environment, natural resources, climate change and disaster risk by 2016] [3: Such innovations are still incipient but they can lead to exponentially increasing the impact of DRRM, also contributing to other social and economic development goals, which in turn feed back into reduced risk.]

(a)Strong linkages between poverty and population vulnerability to disaster shocks.

The Government realises that to reduce poverty in the country in a sustainable manner will require strategic and proactive investment in disaster risk management, in particular disaster risk reduction, as is also evident from the Malawi Growth Development Strategy (MGDS II) for 2011 – 2016, where “Social Protection and Disaster Management” is one of the six main Themes. Despite relatively high economic growth, national food security and 30% decline in poverty in the last 5 years, 39% of the population lives below the national poverty line. The proportion of the very poor has stagnated at 15%, as has the share of the poorest 20% in national consumption at 10%. Low impact of growth on vulnerable groups including women is a manifestation of lack of targeted policies and strategies to ensure access by the poor to employment and income. Over 80% of the population depends directly on natural resources for livelihoods, 95% of rural households depend on firewood for household energy and 55% for urban households, with charcoal providing around a third of urban household energy supply. Above 80% of Malawi’s population live in rural areas and 95 % are involved in subsistence agriculture characterized by low productivity rain-fed maize production and declining soil fertility.

An agricultural input subsidy programme pursued since 2005 has resulted in strong growth in smallholder agriculture and improved household food security. It is estimated that unsustainable natural resources management costs Malawi 5.3 % of GDP annually. With a historic vulnerability to natural disasters, particularly hydro-meteorological hazards, the likely impact of climate change will erode the gains made so far towards the achievement of the MDGs by a combination of increased vulnerability to drought and floods, and a weak and uncoordinated national response so far.[footnoteRef:4] Fifteen per cent of the population are living in or on the fringes of flood-prone areas, and with the frequency and severity of rainfalls likely to increase under the influence of climate change, a concerted effort is essential to manage these multiple hazards. Over the last twenty years, Malawi has experienced some of the worst droughts (1991/92, 2004, 2005) & floods (2000/01). On average Malawi loses US$9 million or 0.7 percent of GDP each year due to floods mainly experienced in the South of the country. On the other hand, droughts & dry spells in Malawi cause on average about 1 percent (US$13 million) annual GDP loss.[footnoteRef:5] This has significant impacts on many rural households that mainly depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. [4: Malawi CPD 2012-2016.] [5: World Bank, Draft Malawi Disaster Risk Management Country Note. June 2011.]

The nature and pattern of weather related hazards are changing as a result of climate change - becoming more frequent, intense and unpredictable. For example between 1970 and 2006 Malawi experienced 40 weather related disasters, but 16 of these occurred after 1990. More importantly the number of people affected by these disasters has increased sharply since 1990. The geographical coverage of flood and drought has also increased. Before 2001 only nine districts in Malawi were classified as flood-prone. In 2001, 15 were affected. Changes in other climatic and non-climatic variables are also increasing people’s vulnerability to high impact hazards. However, the government authorities are unable to provide a clear account on quantifiable means of both damage and losses caused by these disasters. In an effort to understand the changes in the nature and pattern of these hazards, Malawi prepared a National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA) that clarifies the impact of climate change on disasters. The Government realizes that any aspirations to reduce poverty in the country in a sustainable manner will require strategic and proactive investment in disaster risk reduction.

(b)Disaster shocks and damage and losses

Damage and losses is part of a comprehensive methodology to analyse the overall negative effects and impacts of disasters in the economy and society. There are several methods either sector based or refer to the humanitarian assistance (emergency) stage. The method of damage and losses[footnoteRef:6] assessment is based on a stock flow model to measure destruction of assets and changes in economic flows and uses the national accounting systems for calculations. On the other hand, sector by sector assessments of disaster effects (a bottom up approach) aggregates standardized sectors results. Damage and losses allows analysing disaster impact on macro-economic aggregates (e.g., production, growth, personal income, and environment). In the past, disaster effect was equated with the value of damage because of: -the urgent need to assess the financing requirement for reconstruction, and the difficulty of estimating losses. As a result, the total effects of disasters were largely underestimated, many social needs were not met, and the negative impact on economic development was not understood and mitigated. Damage and losses assessments drive the implementation of risk reduction forward thinking in long term recovery. [6: Damage refers to destruction of physical assets which occurs at the time of the disaster and measured in physical units and at replacement value (e.g., buildings, infrastructure, and irrigation systems). Losses are defined as changes in economic flows which occur for long periods of time until full recovery and are expressed in current values (e.g., sales not made, production losses).]

(c)Institutional and policy landscape

A Disaster Preparedness, Response and Relief Act is in place, albeit outdated (1991); the Act will be reviewed as per this proposed UNDPPSD and consistent with the country programme in 2012, in line with the new NDRM policy. The National DRM policy lists the main priorities of the GoM, although the Policy has not yet been approved. Further key activities need to be aligned with the international standards and guidelines of ISDR for the planned Malawi National Platform, and taking into account UNDP’s comparative advantage, as a donor and holding a UN mandate in DRM issues. The Malawi DRM system is in a transition phase from a disaster management-reactive- approach to a more comprehensive disaster risk management approach. Although progress has been made to establish supporting strategic frameworks and institutional mechanisms, several needs and challenges remain and these will be addressed in this UNDP PSD. It is important to note that Government of Malawi through DoDMA has decided that the Disaster Risk Management Policy will support activities on broad disaster risk management, including with some emphasis in risk reduction, as indicated in Figure 1 Integrated Model of DRM (where DRR is part of all phases of DRM). In addition, disaster risk management in Malawi can benefit enormously from international best practices, by analysing the cycle of integrated risk management (http://www.planat.ch/en/home).This model assumes that all types of measures for natural disaster reduction are considered across the disaster cycle. Generally, measures of preparedness, response and recovery (reconstruction) are equally applied (see Figure 1).

(d)UN Coordination Mechanism in DRM and DRR

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in partnership with other UN agencies such as UNICEF, WFP and UN-Habitat will work towards a common understanding of the UN agencies different roles and responsibilities and where these roles could be best placed in the UNDAF Action Plan. For example, UNICEF has done an outstanding work in disaster risk reduction targeted to vulnerable groups of women and children (Outcome 1.4). UN Habitat has developed a flood adaptation approach for vulnerable groups living in flood-prone areas of southern Africa. The approach aimed to strengthen communities coping capacities through participatory planning, implementation of small scale pilot projects and training the exposed communities to conduct the flood resistant works. Activities were planned to minimize asset losses using a combination of building techniques.[footnoteRef:7] WFP is a leading agency in emergency response, food security, logistics and nutrition. The UNDP coordinates UN activities under the cluster on Natural Resources, the Environment and Disaster Risk Management in the country. Through its strategic position in this sector, UNDP will play a catalytic role in mobilizing and leveraging financial and technical support to the government of Malawi in the operationalization of the National Disaster Risk Management policy. In this regard, an engagement strategy for resource mobilization will be drafted; the format of such engagement will be decided by UNDP (short brief proposal format to be drafted for each main activity is found in the Appendix). During the next cycle of support as cited in the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF 2012-2016), UNDP will maintain its upstream focus to ensure that requisite capacities and institutional mechanisms are achieved at the national and district levels, while insuring impact at the community level. Thus, mainstreaming of disaster risk management (emphasizing principles of risk reduction) into national policies, sector plans and budgets, district development plans; supporting data generation and information exchange and strengthening the DRM coordination at national and district levels, will be central to UNDP’s support. [7: Mocellin, J. (2010). Risks, Hazards and Vulnerabilities: A Practical Guideline of Best Practices in Malawi, Madagascar, Comoros and Mozambique. UNDP and ECHO. Page 60.]

However, stakeholder consultations highlighted the need for UNDP to also provide support for the implementation of initiatives that directly impact on the vulnerable communities. Thus, a deliberate attempt has been made through this PSD to include downstream activities through disaster risk reduction initiatives utilizing existing mechanisms under the newly proposed small grants facility targeting community based DRR initiatives. Additionally, the implementation of activities under this PSD also takes cognizance of the need to establish strong synergies with climate change adaptation and environmental and natural resources management initiatives at various levels. The ultimate beneficiaries will be the population of the 15 target districts i.e. Karonga, Salima, Nkhota-kota, Rumphi, Nkhata-bay, Mangochi, Dedza, Ntcheu, Balaka, Zomba, Phalombe, Machinga, Blantyre Chikhwawa and Nsanje. Those benefits are effective management of environment, natural resources, climate change and disaster risk, all achieved by 2016. Similarly, strengthened coordination mechanisms of the district councils will enhance their capacity to effectively add value to and collaborate with Non-Governmental Organizations and other stakeholders operating in the 15 disaster prone districts who interface directly with vulnerable communities. In all these processes, UNDP closely collaborating with other UN agencies, taking cognizance of their comparative advantages in some aspects of disaster risk management. Although disaster risk management is embedded as a sub theme in the MGDS, the integration of disaster risk reduction into all sustainable development policy and planning processes at all levels, cuts across all the themes of the MGDS II.

UNDP works closely with countries at risk of disasters involving natural hazards, assisting them in adopting new legislation and policies and establishing new institutions addressing the need to anticipate and minimize the effects of disasters, prevent losses, and recover when disasters do occur (www.undp.org/cpr). It also assists high-risk countries to build their ability to analyze, prevent and manage risks related to climate variability and change such as droughts, floods, and extreme temperatures— and define risk management solutions over the short and longer terms. The agency facilitates the integration of climate risk management and disaster risk reduction into broader national development and recovery plans and assists in community-level disaster preparedness and recovery activities such as contingency planning, early warning systems, and restoration of community infrastructure. It promotes the use of gender analysis to differentiate women’s risks, impacts and needs from those of men and encourages women’s participation and leadership in disaster risk reduction.

UNDP is the coordinator of the UN system for recovery planning after disasters, collaborating with the World Bank, European Commission and other partners in integrating tangible risk reduction commitments into post-disaster needs assessments and recovery frameworks.[footnoteRef:8] In Malawi, UNDP will expand its efforts in DRM, also considering the common interaction of climate change/adaptation and DRM/risk reduction concerning hydro-meteorological hazards, by leveraging its relationships with the Government at central and district level, civil society, other UN agencies and the donor community. Thus, this PSD on Disaster Risk Management has been formulated cognizance of the strong linkages that need to be forged at all levels with climate change adaptation strategies. As a priority, DRM will be mainstreamed at national level in all sectors and in the 15 most disaster-prone districts. It is important to highlight that disaster risk reduction principles will also be adopted in all phases of the disaster cycle to reduce the economic damage and losses caused by disasters, by implementing structural and non-structural interventions within development planning. [8: www.UNDP.org/BCPR 2011]

Figure 1 Integrated risk management

Source: www.Planat.ch and www. WMO.int/integrated flood management

The formulation of the PSD supports the DRM Policy currently undergoing through the approval process. UNDP considers the policy as an operational mechanism focus on the following themes under UNDAF’s Output 1.3: Climate Change, Environment, Natural Resources and Disaster Management: 1. Mainstreaming disaster risk management with emphasis in risk reduction interventions; 2. Data and Knowledge Management and 3. Coordination.

(e)Risk Profile

Reviewing the geophysical and hydro-meteorological hazards of Malawi, shows prevalence of drought and flood hazards, and less important are the earthquakes and associated hazards of epidemics and landslides (due to drought, flooding, earthquakes and other hazards). The total population of the country is about 14.9 million people, of which the great majority (above 80%) live in rural areas. Nevertheless, Malawi has also one of the highest urbanization rates in Africa (6%/ year). In the period of 1979 to 2008, natural disasters affected nearly 21.7 million people and killed about 2,596 people. Overall, a risk profile needs to be analysed in the context of the poverty level of 39%, and the main risk drivers contributing to socio economic vulnerability. The physical exposure to hazards (physical vulnerability) and the socio-economic vulnerability associated with environmental risk drivers, contributed for the overall vulnerability of the country in coping with disaster events. Within the agriculture sector, the rural population (85% of the total) is dependent on rain-fed agriculture (maize cultivation, which represents 52% of the total agricultural crop area), which is 36% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and generates 85% of employment. Crop resistance to floods (and droughts) is an urgent issue to be addressed by authorities to sustain already limited rural livelihoods (leading to food insecurity). Furthermore, Malawi faces low levels of economic and social development, with a GDP of US$4.3 billion and a per capita income of US$288 in 2010, and was ranked 171 out of 187 countries by the UNDP Human Development Index in 2011.Finally, the country suffers from environmental degradation due to a combination of agricultural expansion into marginal lands due to population pressure and rapid deforestation.

(f)Implications of climate change, variability and adaptation to socio-economic development

Climate change (CC) refers to a change of climate, which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere, and which is in addition to natural climate variability over comparable time’s period according to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). Responses to these changes are in two tracks: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation in the CC community interpretation involves controlling, reducing or eliminating, if possible, greenhouse emissions into the atmosphere, requiring low-carbon technologies for power generation, transport, reforestation and capturing and sequestering emissions. The warming of the atmosphere by the greenhouse effects (less significant to Malawi), by average of two degrees or higher will result in major changes in weather patterns.

The CC and increased climate variability will affect flood processes in several ways simultaneously. Changing in precipitation patterns will lead to flash floods and riverine floods. WMO warns countries that precipitation will be more intense and in short periods of time, so a country’s infrastructure, prone to floods effects, has to be reinforced, before a hydro-meteorological disaster occurs, a risk reduction key principle. A major portion of the impacts of climate change will materialize through variability and extremes (see Figure2 for the changes using a broad PRECIS model for changes in precipitation). On the other hand, changing risk patterns directly affect disaster preparedness and prediction efforts. Floods in Malawi are mainly due to lakes flooding and rivers overflowing, increasing sediment deposit in river channels, reservoirs and floodplains, originating from catchment degradation. The consequences are loss of arable land, and damage to irrigation infrastructure and - destruction of public infrastructure

Although severe floods occur mainly in six river basin systems, the highest flood frequency is in the Lower Shire Valley, mainly in Chikhwawa and Nsanje districts, due to flooding of the Shire River which joins the Zambezi River in Mozambique. Flooding is exacerbated by high rainfall due to La Niña events (cold ocean temperatures affecting atmospheric circulation), and to tropical depressions/cyclones originating in the Mozambique Channel or the Indian Ocean, causing widespread, torrential rainfall and flooding. The Flood Risk Management Strategy for Malawi has been developed with the Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA) in 2010, but it has not as yet been fully addressed. It lists a number of challenges to be undertaken by the GoM. For example, the need to improve the EWS at regional and national levels requires a number of activities: A network of water resources monitoring stations with capability to acquire real-and-near real time data, including data critical to the development of flood forecasting and warning systems.

This EWS needs to be improved and extended to forecasting river flows. SADC member states have not yet developed comprehensive real time river flow forecasting systems that can be used in issuing regional flood disaster warnings. At national level, the EWS needs to be updated in training and equipment. Public education campaigns focused on hydro-meteorological disasters to Village Civil Protection Committees (VCPC), early warning committee with linkages with their District Civil Protection Committees (DCPC) in collaboration with district climate centres and develop district contingency plans for disaster management. Other key activities will be listed in the results framework section.

The Malawi’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) was developed in 2006 under the leadership of the Ministry of Mines, Natural Resources and Environment, and launched by the State President in 2008. The NAPA identifies five priority activities to address Malawi’s urgent adaptation needs to climate change and extreme weather events for vulnerable communities.[footnoteRef:9] However, only a few of these proposed activities under the NAPA have been implemented to date notably a GEF funded programme implemented through the African Development Bank (AfDB, the Climate Change Adaptation for Rural Livelihoods and Agriculture (CARLA). However, the National Disaster Risk Management Policy states that it is to complement the NAPA (page 13, 1.3.8). Climate change adaptation interventions are implemented by NGOs and lack coordination. A National Technical Committee on Climate Change is chaired by the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services, with its Secretariat in the Environmental Affairs Department, reviews policies and programs on climate change. The TC reports to a National Steering Committee on Climate Change, chaired by the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning (MoFDP). Currently, some of the key five NAPA priorities are been undertaken by a Consortium of international NGOs under the DfID, Irish Aid and NORAD supported Enhanced Climate Resilient Programme which has a 58 months’ time frame. [9: 1. Improving community resilience to climate change through the development of sustainable rural livelihoods; 2. Restoring forests in the Upper, Middle and Lower Shire Valleys catchments to reduce siltation and the associated water flow problems; 3.Improving agricultural production under erratic rains and changing climatic conditions; 4.Improving Malawi’s preparedness to cope with droughts and floods; 5.Improving climate monitoring to enhance Malawi’s early warning capability and decision making and sustainable utilization of Lake Malawi and lakeshore areas resources.]

Figure 2: Change in mean summer rainfall over Africa for 2080, model output from PRECIS climatologically model.[footnoteRef:10] [10: Future climate data can be broadly separated into seasonal climate forecasts, decadal forecasting and climate change projections or scenarios. Seasonal climate forecasting focuses on projections of rainfall and temperature in the coming year and are widely available (www.iri.columbia.edu ), decadal forecasts of climate projections for the coming 10 years are not well developed by Will by, 2007 and climate change scenarios focus on the 2040 – 2100 time scale (with a number of Global Circulation Models being available on the IPCCDDC site www.ipcc-data.org).Wilby, R. (2007) Decadal Climate Forecasting Techniques for adaptation and development planning: Report for DFID.]

Source: PRECIS Handbook 2004 cited on Ziervogel, G; Cartwright, G.; AdriaanTas, Adejuwon T.; Zermoglio, Fernanda; Shale, Moliehi and Smith, James (2008). Climate change and adaptation in African agriculture: Rockefeller Foundation and Stockholm Environment Institute- March 2008.

Table 1: Overview of damage and losses by disasters within 29 years period

I. HAZARD

II. POP AFFECTED

III. POP KILLED

IV. GDP LOSS

V. MAIN EFFECTS

VI. Droughts (29 years to 2008)

VII. 19.7 million

VIII. 500

IX. 1% loss

-1.3 % points increasing poverty to 2.1 Million people

-Food shortages water scarcity, reduction in national maize production and overall crop production.

Floods

1.9 million

581

0.7% loss

- damaged 11,138 ha of crops (2008)

-various critical infrastructure destroyed

Source: IFRPRI/RMSI (2010): Malawi: Economic Vulnerability and Disaster Risk Assessment and World Bank Economic Study.

IIStrategy

Disaster Risk Management is one of the key focus areas in the national development policy of the government of Malawi. The government of Malawi acknowledges the fact that natural disasters such as floods and drought negatively affect its efforts on poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MGD). Thus, through the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II (MGDS II 2012 - 2016); the overarching medium term strategy for Malawi, the government intends to strengthen disaster risk management in order to mitigate the impact of natural disasters on the economy as a whole and on the vulnerable communities in particular. Among others, it is for this reason that a draft National Disaster Risk Management policy[footnoteRef:11] (NDRM) has been developed, through which disaster risk management systems and processes could be strengthened. [11: The Draft NDRM is still going through the approval process]

The PSD is aligned with the HFA expected outcome as follows: The substantive reduction of disaster losses and lives and in the social economic and environmental assets of exposed communities. This PSD represents UNDP’s led contribution to the NDRM policy implementation according to priorities for the next five years. It is also aligned with the NAPA 2008 for adaptation to climate change. The NAPA priority areas are as follows: 1.Improve community resilience to climate change through the development of sustainable rural livelihoods; 2. Restoring forests in the Upper, Middle and Lower Shire Valleys catchments to reduce siltation and the associated water flow problems; 3. Improving agricultural production under erratic rains and changing climatic conditions; 4. Improving Malawi’s preparedness to cope with droughts and floods; 5. Improving climate monitoring to enhance Malawi’s early warning capability and decision making and sustainable utilization of Lake Malawi and lakeshore areas resources.

At the national level, the PSD will be implemented by DoDMA with UNDP as the convening agency from the UN perspective. The programme will build a five-year UNDP contribution to the NDRM Policy consistent with the country’s CPD and with the UN Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2012-2016. At national level, the PSD is aligned with the most relevant Policies and Acts. It is worth noting that UNDP is currently supporting the drafting of a national Climate Change Policy.

As it has already been pointed out above, UNDP will maintain its upstream focus to ensure that requisite capacities and institutional mechanisms are achieved at the national and district levels, while ensuring impact at the community level. Although direct community level interventions have also been proposed based on the stakeholders’ recommendations during the preparation process of this PSD, the overall outcome of this programme will be its transformational change that it will induce at the various levels, with its interventions at policy, regulatory, planning and coordination at national and District level. Establishment of small grants for community based DRR initiatives has been proposed in response to the need to have community level interventions for targeted districts with a direct impact at vulnerable livelihoods, that will in turn inform the planning and policy processes. This entails setting up of the funding mechanism and implementation support led nationally by DoDMA.

Three specific outcome areas can be isolated from the UNDAF that illustrate UNDP’s support to DRM in the next five years. These are: i) Outcome 1.3.1: Mainstreaming Environment, Natural resources, climate change and disaster risk management in policies, programmes and plans implemented in 15 districts; ii) Outcome 1.3.2: Data and knowledge on ENR, CC and DRM made available and Outcome 1.3.3: Coordination mechanisms and implementation arrangements for CC, ENR and DRR established and strengthened. It is expected that through these individual outcome areas, there will be improved efficiency and effectiveness in Disaster Risk Management activities in the country. As part of the strategy, a Public Expenditure Review (PER) will be done early in the programme, that is expected to provide information on consequences of investments in DRR which can then be used to influence policy making by reflecting the economic cost of not investing in DRR. A more systematic approach to periodically capture economic losses in the vulnerable districts will also be established, which will give important information on the costs of and economic benefits in investing in effective DRM. Among others, the main outcome of the interventions will be manifested through reduced lead time for provision of disaster response and relief in the affected communities, substantial reduction in disaster losses and lives as a result of improved early warning systems and preparedness.

It is also recognised that disasters affect women, men, adolescents, and children differently, based on differing needs and existing social inequalities. Gender sensitive approaches and activities have been incorporated in the PSD to ensure gender mainstreaming. DRR efforts will address different abilities and vulnerabilities in each gender group. Examples of gender mainstreaming within the PSD include gender analysis incorporated within needs assessment and planning phases; gender disaggregated data collection and reporting; gender analysis training for program and field staff; gender balanced programme implementation.

The need for establishing strong benchmarks for measuring progress and impact of the interventions, including economic costs and benefits, at the various levels cannot be overemphasised. In view of the fact that the PSD will be monitored at outcome level with respect to its transformational impact in institutional systems and processes for Disaster Risk Management, its M&E indicators will be limited to those that reflect such changes as a result of the programme. These indicators will be used for multiple purposes: MGDS monitoring; PSD monitoring; and/or indeed monitoring of district councils in their delivery of services in disaster risk management.

The total resources needed for this programme support are estimated at US $ 7.2 million. Out of this US $ 2.5 million is already committed by UNDP from its core resources, other resources will be mobilized, of which US $ 320,000 will be from UNDP Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR) and USD 319,000 from the Global Fund for Disaster Risk Reduction (GFDRR), and some USD 2.8 million for Early Warning Systems under a Global Environment Facility (GEF) funded programme under the Least developed Country Fund (LDCF).

The programmes will be delivered through the following three outputs and respective activities:

Output 1: Disaster risk management is mainstreamed in national development plans, policies and programmes. The output refers to transfer knowledge of DRM to related line ministries, and making sure that DRM is also inserted in government programmes, overall plans and policies.

Activities

· Review the Disaster Preparedness and Relief Act, aligning with the current legal structure in disaster risk management.

· Finalise, and operationalize the National Disaster Risk Management Policy. The activity implies a further review of the Policy document to incorporate issues being raised in the course of the approval process and when finalized and disseminated, implement selected priorities in a phased approach.

· Review policy on environment and inter-ministerial processes (risk assessments, and planning for disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery) to align them with DRR principles in all phases of the disaster cycle.

· Fully integrate DRM into District Development Plans in the 15 vulnerable districts i.e. Karonga, Salima, Nkhota-kota, Rumphi, Nkhata-bay, Mangochi, Dedza, Ntcheu, Balaka, Zomba, Phalombe, Machinga, Blantyre Chikhwawa and Nsanje. This will be done in close collaboration with other UNDP supported programmes that are also targeting some of the same districts i.e. Democracy Consolidated Programme (DCP) and Local Government Strengthening and Investment Programme (LOGSIP). This implies strategic provision of support to the district development planning process. Revisions of the policies and plans should be disseminated to hazard-prone districts through workshops and provision of conditions for the district’s officers to translate polices further downstream.

· Introduce DRM into school curricula at all levels. This activity will be developed in cooperation with the educational sectors and also NGOs. It could use existing slots of civic education and introduce DRM/DRR lessons of practical application, for example containing information what to do in case of flash floods. A number of these lessons will also be summarized in pamphlets and useful items as calendars among others.

· Develop and introduce budget guidelines integrating DRM concerns in government (national and district) annual budgeting. Ideally, the sectors will request to the national government 1-5% allocation for risk management activities, such as reinforcing infrastructure to be flood resistant and other interventions aimed at building community level capacities and resilience.

· Publication on scientific and validated synergies among areas of ENR, CC and DRM/DRR. There are a number of technical reports available on the sectors and these are not adequately shared with relevant partners. With the development of the CC projects, it is critical to provide evidence-based data on initiatives and have these linkages supported by scientific institutions.

· Implement those revised policies and plans at national and local levels in 15 disaster prone districts. Any policy needs to be disseminated to at risk districts and down to TAs and communities, through workshops and meetings. Ancillary materials will be included.

· Incorporate DRM/DRR concerns in Draft MGDS III for 2017– 2022. Disaster risk reduction guiding principles and interventions to reduce damage and losses is a growing domain in DRM supported by major financing institutions such as WB/GFDRR and ECHO. It will be the dominant strategy in the future.

· Draft the Early Recovery Strategy for the Humanitarian Country Team, institutionalize and operationalize the Strategy.

Output 2: Data and knowledge on the impact of natural disasters collected and made accessible to decision makers in Government, Private Sector, Civil Society, development partners and Communities.

Activities

· Establishment of a gender disaggregated disaster database, e.g. DesInventar either through UNDP’s Global Risk Identification (GRIP) programme or UNISDR with the necessary equipment and training. The methodology uses historical (and current) data about the impact of disasters, collected in a systematic and homogeneous manner in the process of identifying hazards and vulnerabilities and thus risks on specific regions. Data is collected following a set of standards and is time-stamped and geo-referenced to a minimal geographic area unit of resolution. A special emphasis is made in the accounting of small and medium disasters, which uncover in many cases hazards and vulnerabilities that could be hidden otherwise. Small and medium disasters data analysis is a key for risk analysis at the community level. The software can be used along with other tools to perform different types of temporal and geographical analysis of this data producing both quantitative and qualitative results. These results are presented in form of tabular data, charts and maps. There is also an Internet-based version of the tool, which allows multiple users to update and query the databases remotely and simultaneously.

· Review the national early warning systems and identify overlaps, gaps and needs in the existing systems, particularly in information gathering and dissemination components to local level in 15 disaster prone districts. Based on the review provide equipment and training. There is a need to enhance early warning systems and for establishment of a comprehensive and effective flood Early Warning System (EWS), including an update on organizational and operating mechanisms, strengthening key institutions and structures, based on a comprehensive and objective situation diagnosis. The Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services will be pivotal agency in undertaking this task. Consequently, there is need to provide equipment and enhance technical and human capacity of the Department of Climate Change and Meteorological Services and relevant stakeholders so that warnings and forecasts are provided in a timely, reliable and comprehensive manner. For this to be effective, the department would need financial and technical support from other cooperating partners, e.g. the GEF.

· Establishment of District disaster risk reduction information centers, in collaboration with the on-going effort on District Climate Centres. Produce advocacy materials, e.g. video documentary in local languages and introduce participatory video with communities in 7 disaster-prone districts. The centers will have the aim of educating the general public on disaster risk awareness, risk consequences and appropriate action to be taken in specific circumstances. It will combine a number of audio visual techniques, and other appropriate advocacy materials. This may further include a developing and operationalizing a national website on DRM. This may further entail provision of equipment and maintenance and update of pages with technical and practical information and useful linkages.

· Establish a Technical Resource Center at university level, e.g. at Mzuzu University, that will undertake functions of documenting DRM/DRR, audio visual etc. and promote technical Forums, i.e. yearly symposiums of publications. This is an essential activity to create a culture of resilience among practitioners and students. The Center will store existing documentation that otherwise stays hidden in organizations working in the field of DRM/DRR.

· Produce and disseminate hazard and vulnerability maps at relevant scales (covering disaster prone districts); training and equipment included. The hazard maps, containing hazard incidence on geographical term and with exposed population. It will have ancillary maps with assets such as critical infrastructure to guide other programmes and decision makers.

· Provide training and equipment for HF & VHF radio operators (use existing VHF, DIPECHO Manuals for Southeast and Southwest Indian Ocean Africa, UNDP and ECHO, 2010) in 15 disaster prone districts. Backup systems for communication, are essential to an optimal DRM preparedness planning. Emergency communication manuals are available aligned with communications standardized terminology. Training should be provided and subjected to refresher training every 8 months interval.

· Formulate and operationalize a National Risk Communication Strategy on DRM/DRR including outreach dissemination means (workshops, publications) to schools, communities & decision makers. The activity includes a survey on risk perception of different occupation groups that will guide the formulation of the strategy.

· Support the development and implementation of gender mainstreaming tools and techniques, gender analysis and implementation guidelines specifically for disaster risk reduction.

· Support mitigation and risk reduction initiatives in the disaster-prone districts not included in the NGOs Consortium initiative under the Enhanced Community Resilience Programme (ECRP), i.e. Phalombe, Zomba, Karonga, Mangochi, NKhata-bay, Nkhota-Kota which are exposed to hazards, and develop general Disaster Risk Management (DRM) activities, e.g. Provide cash for work schemas and technical assistance for flood control structural measures, protection against water flow erosion, using bio-engineering methods (concrete slabs and indigenous plants), gabions and other protection or river bank measures and other risk reduction measures.

· Component 1. Setting up a mechanism

· A.1.1 setting up a mechanism and agreement involving the NGO lead community-based DRR funding mechanism.

· Component 2. Increase the capacity of at-risk communities to mitigate existing risks and inform recovery/reconstruction efforts through NGO lead community-based DRR activities

· A.2.1. Disaster risk reduction orientation workshops delivered in at-risk communities, including Trainers of Trainers sessions and adaptation of UNDP local level risk management manual with a component in information system (database)

· A.2.2. Implementation of agreed DRR activities, selected for funding under the DRM community based mechanism, following the strict criteria set up.

· Monitor the implementation of DRR activities by agreed M&E system and criteria

· A.2.3 Document lessons learned and best practices specific to Malawi DRR needs, for replication and up scaling

Output 3: Coordination mechanisms and implementation arrangements for DRM/DRR established and used at national level and in the 15 disaster-prone districts

Activities

· Establishment of a Malawi National Platform (NP) as a coordination mechanism for DRM/DRR under UNISDR guidelines. A NP should be aligned with the ISDR international standards with a Secretariat, guidelines for membership and frequency of meetings supported by an operational agenda. .

· Develop, review and operationalize national, district, area and village multi-sector emergency preparedness plans, and develop response capacity to reduce negative social and economic impact. This activity includes a number of actions such as the review of existing DRM plans, formulate and implement contingency plans with risk scenarios and Standard Operational Procedures (SOPs). Training and basic equipment needs to be included.

· Develop and support linkages between DRM related information databases such as: MVAC, UNFPA Vulnerability Profiling, DoDMA disaster database, hazard & vulnerability maps, social protection and agricultural & food security databases, etc. There are a number of databases, serving different purposes. The proposed linkages are necessary for information sharing and exchange. As a sub-activity, develop a Data and Information Sharing Act. This activity is to regulate the existing lack of information exchange among relevant actors in DRM/DRR.

· Review of DoDMA’s damage assessment methods and protocols and its practical use to improve decision making towards damage and losses. There are many assessments protocols available in the international community and NGOs. Currently, the PDNA, Post Disaster Needs Assessment is the multi-hazard tool used by UNDP-WB/GFDRR-UN agencies for wide scope disasters. It assesses damage and losses on a quantified manner and the cost of recovery.

· Support the use of the Sector Working Group (SWG) on Vulnerability and Disaster Risk Management, including its participation in the NP, and address capacity gaps through training of line ministries’ focal points.

· Review institutional arrangements for DRM/DRR in selected disaster prone districts and strengthen coordination mechanisms (CPCs) at district, area and village levels.

· Establish a Donor coordination mechanism on DRM. This activity ideally could be under the NP, or an existing similar initiative that could be expanded. This will ensure enhanced coordination of donor support in this sector and facilitate easy identification of gaps.

· Strengthen the linkages with National Climate Change (CC) platform and structures i.e. the national CC Technical Committee and Steering committee, as well as the Government- Development Partner Working Group on Climate Change. This will be beneficial in terms of resource mobilization where CC resources are expected to increase over the short, medium and long-term.

· Ensure DRM is included in the national CC Investment Plan, which is currently being developed (2012). This will further ensure funding for DRM, including from private sources.

Programme Support Document PSD UNDP Malawi 2012-2016

19

III. Results and Resources Framework

Intended Outcome as stated in the Country Programme Results and Resource Framework:

Outcome 1.3 Targeted population in selected districts benefit from effective management of environment; natural resources; climate change and disaster risk by 2016.

Outcome indicators as stated in the Country Programme Results and Resources Framework, including baseline and targets:

1.3.1 Mainstreaming: Environment, Natural resources, climate change ad disaster risk management mainstreamed in policies, programmes and plans implemented in 15 districts: Resources allocated to ENR, CC and DRM (2010:$ 2.3 M; 2016: $3.5 M)/ New policies reflecting ENR, CC and DRM concerns/ Number of District Development Plans reflecting ENR, CC and DRM (Baseline 2010: 3; Target 2016:14)

1.3.2 Data and knowledge on ENR, CC and DRM made available: Cross section stakeholders & public aware and knowledgeable on CC, ENR and DRM/ web sites developed in CC, ENR and DRM functional and linked to databases/ District CC and Disaster risk reduction DRR information centres established (baseline 2010:7; Target 2016: 16)

1.3.3. National capacity for coordination Baseline 2010=$3.8M; Target: 2016 $7.8M/Contributions for renewable energy in national energy mix Baseline: 2010: 0.2% Target 2016=6% Average days to start assistance after onset of a disaster. Baseline: +14 days (2008) Target: <7 days/ Functioning sector WG on CC, ENR and DRM/ Number of target districts coordinating and implementing CC, ENV and DRM programmes (2010:0; 2016:14)/ Disaster Preparedness and Relief Act and contingency plans at national and district levels revised and coordination between government and partners enhanced/ CC, ENR SAWP in place and functioning

Applicable Key Result Area (from 2008-11 Strategic Plan): Crisis Prevention and Recovery + Environment and Energy.

Partnership Strategy:Linkages with UNDAF and CP and the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy and UN partners

Project title and ID (Award Number 49312):UNDP Disaster Risk Management Support Programme to Malawi, 2012 – 2016

EXPECTED OUTPUTS

PLANNED ACTIVITIES

Responsible party

Source of Funds

Resource Allocation (US $) and Indicative Time Frame

Year 1

2012

Year 2

2013

Year 3

2014

Year 4

2015

Year 5

2016

Output 1.Disaster risk management mainstreamed in policies and development plans

1. 1.

Review the Disaster Preparedness and Relief Act

Ministry of Justice

TRAC

30,000

30,000

10,000

0

0

1.2

Finalise, and operationalize the National Disaster Risk Management Policy

DoDMA,

TRAC

30,000

30,000

0

0

0

1.3

Conduct a Public Expenditure Review for DRM and policy reviews on environment and inter-ministerial processes (risk assessments, and planning for disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery) align with DRR principles in all phases of disaster cycle

MoFDP

TRAC

20,000

20,000

 

0

0

1.4

Fully integrate DRM into District Development Plans in the 15 vulnerable districts

MoFDP,

TRAC

20,000

30,000

30,000

30,000

20,000

1.5

Introduce DRM into school curricula at primary, secondary and tertiary level

MoEST

TRAC

20,000

50,000

20,000

20,000

0

1.6

· Develop and introduce budget guidelines integrating DRM concerns in government (national and district) annual budgeting

· Develop guidelines for mainstreaming gender and provide training for relevant stakeholders

MoFDP

TRAC

10,000

20,000

10,000

10,000

10,000

1.7

Documentation, Publication and dissemination on scientific and validated synergies among areas of ENR, CC and DRM/DRR

, Met and Climate Dept

Donor

10,000

30,000

30,000

20,000

0

1.8

Implement revised policies and plans at national and local levels in 15 disaster prone districts

MoLGRD

TRAC

10,000

20,000

20,000

20,000

20,000

DoDMA

GEF

 0

30,000

40,000

40,000

40,000

MOLGRD

GFDRR

 0

30,000

40,000

40,000

40,000

1.9

· Incorporate DRM/DRR concerns in Draft MGDS III for 2017 - 2022

· Support development of Hyogo Framework Action (HFA) country progress report.

· Support International Day for Disaster Reduction

DoDMA

TRAC

10,000

20,000

10,000

20,000

25,000

1.10

Support to Early Recovery institutional set-up

UNDP

BCPR

20,000

 

 

1.11

Draft Early Recovery Strategy and operationalize

UNDP

BCPR

20,000

40,000

20,000 

 

 

Sub Total 01:

200,000

350,000

230,000

200,000

155,000

GRAND SUB-TOTAL 01:

1,135,000

Output 2: Data and knowledge on the impact of natural disasters collected and made accessible to decision makers in Government, Private Sector Civil Society, and Communities.

2.1

Establishment of a gender disaggregated disaster database, e.g., DesInventar either through UNDP GRIP or UNISDR with the necessary equipment and training[footnoteRef:12] [12: DesInventar is a data collection and analysis methodology which uses a set of open-sourced software programmes to help to record, and address disaster trends, as well their impacts on communities, generating graphs and temporal analysis of disaster trends, ]

DoDMA

TRAC

10,000

30,000

20000

10,000

10,000

2.2

Procure equipment for Disaster Database

DoDMA

GEF

-

40,000

40000

40,000

40,000

2.3

Review the national early warning systems and identify overlaps, gaps and needs in the existing systems, particularly in information gathering and dissemination to local level in 15 disaster prone districts.

Dept of CC &Meteorological Services,

DoDMA

GEF

20,000

40,000

50,000

50,000

50,000

2.4

Procure EWS equipment that necessary for effective EWS

·

Dept of CC &Meteorological Services, DoDMA

GEF

40,000

300,000

400,000

400,000

300,000

2.5

Establishment of District disaster risk reduction information centres, with Climate Change, produce documentaries in local languages and introduce participatory video with communities in disaster-prone areas.

Ministry of Information (NICE)

GFDRR

20,000

40,000

50,000

30,000

10,000

2.6

Establish a Technical Resource Centre at university level that will undertake functions of documenting DRM, audio visual etc. and promote technical forums, i.e. yearly symposium and publications.

Research institutions and academia

Donor

10,000

20,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

2.7

Produce and disseminate hazard and vulnerability maps at relevant scales (covering disaster prone districts). Training and equipment included

Department of Surveys,

GEF

20,000

100,000

75,000

50,000

0

2.8

Provide training and equipment for effective dissemination of early warning information in 15 disaster prone districts

DoDMA

GEF

30,000

100,000

200,000

150,000

100,000

2.9

Formulate and operationalize a National Risk Communication Strategy on DRM/DRR including outreach dissemination means (workshops, publications) to schools, communities & decision makers

MoE & MoI

TRAC

30,000

30,000

30,000

20,000

20,000

2.10

Set up mechanism for community based DRR activities at local level

DoDMA, MoLGRD

TRAC

20,000

20,000

 

 

 

2.11

Support gender sensitive community based mitigation and risk reduction initiatives in the disaster-prone districts through implementation of a small grants facility

DoDMA, NGOs

Donor

20,000

150,000

250,000

250,000

200,000

Sub-Total 02:

220,000

870,000

1,145,000

1,020,000

740,000

GRAND SUBTOTAL 02:

4,160,000

Output 3: Coordination mechanisms and implementation arrangements for DRM/DRR established and used at national level and in the 15 disaster-prone districts.

3.1

Establishment of a Malawi National Platform (NP) as a coordination mechanism for DRM/DRR under UNISDR guidelines.

DoDMA,

TRAC

20,000

20,000

15,000

15,000

10,000

3.2

Develop, review and operationalize national, district, area and village multi-sector emergency preparedness plans, and develop response capacity to reduce negative social and economic impact.

DoDMA

Donor

40,000

100,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

3.3

Develop and support linkages between DRM related information databases such as: MVAC, UNFPA Vulnerability Profiling, DoDMA disaster database, hazard & vulnerability maps, social protection and agricultural & food security databases, etc.

DoDMA,

BCPR

20,000

20,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

3.4

· Review of DoDMA’s damage assessment methods and protocols and its practical use to improve decision making towards damage and losses

· Support periodic simulation exercises at national, district and village level

DoDMA

GFDRR

15,000

30,000

20,000

20,000

10,000

3.5

Operationalize the Sector Working Group (SWG) on Vulnerability and Disaster and Risk Management also address capacity gaps through training of line ministries’ focal points

DoDMA

TRAC

10,000

10,000

10,000

 

 

3.6

Review institutional arrangements for DRM/DRR in selected disaster prone districts and strengthen coordination mechanisms (CPCs) at district, area and village levels

DoDMA

TRAC

10,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

0

3.7

Establish a Donor coordination mechanism on DRM

DoDMA

TRAC

10,000

10,000

5,000

5,000

5,000

Sub-Total 03:

125,000

210,000

155,000

110,000

55,000

GRAND SUB TOTAL 03:

655,000

Output 4 : Monitoring and Evaluation

4.1

Conduct a comprehensive baseline study in the 15 target districts to assess the current situation of community and household vulnerability and resilience to disasters

NSO, DoDMA

TRAC

30,000

0

0

0

0

4.2

Carry out a Mid-Term Review of the Programme

UNDP,

TRAC

0

0

30,000

0

0

4.3

Conduct an end of Programme Impact Evaluation

UNDP,

TRAC

0

0

0

0

30,000

Sub-Total 04:

30,000

0

30,000

0

30,000

GRAND SUB TOTAL 04:

90,000

Output 5:

Project management

5.1

International DRR/DRM Advisor

UNDP

TRAC

100,000

200,000

200,000

 

0

5.2

Finance Analyst (National)

UNDP

TRAC

35,000

35,000

35,000

 

 

5.3

International UNV- ICT Specialist

UNDP

TRAC

25,000

50,000

 

0

0

5.4

International UNV- Resource Economist

UNDP

TRAC

 

50,000

25,000

 

 

5.5

UNDP Programme quality assurance, coordination and management

UNDP

TRAC

120,000

120,000

120,000

120,000

120,000

Sub-Total 05:

280,000

455,000

380,000

120,000

120,000

GRAND SUB TOTAL 05:

1,355,000

GRAND PROGRAMME TOTAL

TRAC

2,540,000

GEF

2,785,000

BCPR

200,000

GFDRR

395,000

Donors (Gap)

1,310,000

GRAND TOTAL

7,230,000

IVMonitoring Framework And Evaluation

In accordance with the programming policies and procedures outlined in the UNDP User Guide, the project will be monitored through the following:

Within the annual cycle

· On a quarterly basis, a quality assessment shall record progress towards the completion of key results, based on quality criteria and methods captured in the Quality Management table below.

· An Issue Log shall be activated in Atlas and updated by the Project Manager to facilitate tracking and resolution of potential problems or requests for change.

· Based on the initial risk analysis submitted (see annex 1), a risk log shall be activated in Atlas and regularly updated by reviewing the external environment that may affect the project implementation.

· Based on the above information recorded in Atlas, a Project Progress Reports (PPR) shall be submitted by the Project Manager to the Project Board through Project Assurance, using the standard report format available in the Executive Snapshot.

· a project Lesson-learned log shall be activated and regularly updated to ensure on-going learning and adaptation within the organization, and to facilitate the preparation of the Lessons-learned Report at the end of the project

· a Monitoring Schedule Plan shall be activated in Atlas and updated to track key management actions/events

Annually

· Annual Review Report. An Annual Review Report shall be prepared by the Project Manager and shared with the Project Board and the Outcome Board. As minimum requirement, the Annual Review Report shall consist of the Atlas standard format for the QPR covering the whole year with updated information for each above element of the QPR as well as a summary of results achieved against pre-defined annual targets at the output level.

· Annual Project Review. Based on the above report, an annual project review shall be conducted during the fourth quarter of the year or soon after, to assess the performance of the project and appraise the Annual Work Plan (AWP) for the following year. In the last year, this review will be a final assessment. This review is driven by the Project Board and may involve other stakeholders as required. It shall focus on the extent to which progress is being made towards outputs, and that these remain aligned to appropriate outcomes.

· There should be provision for midterm review say in 2014

Quality Management for Project Activity Results

OUTPUT 1: Disaster Risk Management mainstreamed in policies and development plans

Activity Result

(Atlas Activity ID)

DRM Mainstreaming

Start Date: July 2012

End Date: December 2012

Purpose

To facilitate the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and planning processes at national, sector and district level.

Description

Planned actions include;

· Review the Disaster Preparedness and Relief Act

· Conduct a Public Expenditure Review for DRM and policy reviews

· Introduce DRM into school curricula at primary, secondary and tertiary level

· Develop and introduce budget guidelines integrating DRM concerns in government (national and district) annual budgeting

· Implement revised policies and plans at national and local levels in 15 disaster prone districts

· Incorporate DRM/DRR concerns Draft MGDS III for 2017 – 2022

Quality Criteria

Quality Method

Date of Assessment

Number of key sector policies, development plans at national and district levels reflecting DRM

· Evaluation reports

· Sector plans,

· Sector budgets

· Sector policies

· Survey reports

· District Development Plans

% increase in budget allocation on DRM

· Sector budgets,

· Public Expenditure Reviews

· District Development Plans

% reduction in economic and social losses after a disaster occurs

· Post disaster assessment reports

· Public Expenditure Reviews

· Survey reports

· Social Economic profiles

Number of households adopting mitigative and risk reduction initiatives in the

· Progress reports

· Survey reports

· Social Economic profiles

· Evaluation reports

OUTPUT 2: Data and knowledge on the impact of natural disasters collected and made accessible to decision makers in government, private sector, civil society and communities

Activity Result

(Atlas Activity ID)

Data and knowledge management

Start Date: July 2012

End Date: December 2012

Purpose

To promote informed decision making and a culture of safety and resilience amongst disaster risk management stakeholders and targeted communities

Description

Planned actions include;

· Establishment of a disaster database

· Review the national early warning systems and identify overlaps, gaps and needs in the existing systems

· Procure EWS equipment that necessary for effective EWS

· Formulate and operationalize a National Risk Communication Strategy on DRM/DRR

· Establishment of District disaster risk reduction information centres

· Provide training and equipment for effective dissemination of early warning information in 15 disaster prone districts

· Set up mechanism for community based DRR activities at local level

· Support community based mitigation and risk reduction initiatives in the disaster-prone districts through implementation of a small grants facility

Quality Criteria

Quality Method

Date of Assessment

Number of strategies implemented from the communication strategy

· Survey reports

· Policy briefs

· Workshops and policy dialogue proceedings

· Reports from government agencies, private companies, and CSOs

Proportion of DRR principles incorporated in school curricula

· School curricular

· Survey reports

· Progress reports

Number of districts with resource centers

· Reports from government agencies, private companies, and CSOs

Number of DRM related data bases that are linked and periodically updated

· Reports from government agencies, private companies, and CSOs

· DRM data bases

OUTPUT 3: Coordination mechanisms and implementation arrangements for DRM/DRR established and used at national level and in the 15 disaster-prone districts.

Activity Result

(Atlas Activity ID)

Coordination

Start Date: July 2012

End Date: December 2012

Purpose

To develop an efficient and effective coordination system for comprehensive disaster risk reduction at all levels.

Description

Planned actions to produce the activity result include:

· Establishment of a Malawi National Platform (NP) as a coordination mechanism for DRM/DRR under UNISDR guidelines

· Develop, review and operationalize national, district, area and village multi-sector emergency preparedness plans

· Develop and support linkages between DRM related information databases such as: MVAC, UNFPA Vulnerability Profiling, DoDMA disaster database, hazard & vulnerability maps, social protection and agricultural & food security databases

· Review of DoDMA’s damage assessment methods and protocols and its practical use to improve decision making towards damage and losses

· Operationalize the Sector Working Group (SWG) on Vulnerability and Disaster and Risk Management also address capacity gaps through training of line ministries’ focal points

· Review institutional arrangements for DRM/DRR in selected disaster prone districts and strengthen coordination mechanisms (CPCs) at district, area and village levels

· Establish a Donor coordination mechanism on DRM

Quality Criteria

Quality Method

Date of Assessment

Number of targeted DCPC, ACPs and VCPCs established, trained and functional

· DoDMA Reports

· District council reports

· MGDS II monitoring reports

· Sector reports

Number of Sector Working Group, Steering Committees (SC)and Technical Committee (TC) and DRM platform meetings

· Minutes of DRM platform and SWG meetings

· DoDMA Reports

· Steering and Technical committee minutes

Number of simulation exercises and updated contingency plans

· DoDMA Reports

· District council reports

· Sector reports

Number of partner compliant to the Operational Guidelines on DRM

· DoDMA Reports

· Sector reports

OUTPUT 4: Monitoring and Evaluation

Activity Result

(Atlas Activity ID)

Monitoring and Evaluation

Start Date: July 2012

End Date: December 2012

Purpose

To monitor progress towards intended outcome.

Description

Planned actions to produce the activity result include:

· Conduct a comprehensive baseline study in the 15 target districts to assess the current situation of community and household vulnerability and resilience to disasters

· Carry out a Mid-Term Review of the Programme

· Conduct an end of Programme Impact Evaluation

Quality Criteria

Quality Method

Date of Assessment

Number of sector Ministries and assemblies that have established M&E systems that are operational

· Baseline study report

· Mid-term review report

· Impact evaluation report

Annual basis

2014

2016

% of trained sector staff using M&E skills in their work.

· Baseline study report

· Mid-term review report

· Impact evaluation report

Annual basis

2014

2016

Number of Assemblies who have gender-disaggregated information reflected in selected sector reports such as for education, health, gender and agriculture

· Baseline study report

· Mid-term review report

· Impact evaluation report

Annual basis

2014

2016

Mid- and End-term UNDAF Output evaluations are mandatory guided by the framework below.

V. monitoring and evaluation MATRIX

Programme Result

Measurable indicators

Baseline

Target

Means of verification

Important assumptions and Risks

Outcome. Targeted population in selected districts benefit from effective management disaster risk by 2016.

· Average number of days taken to start assistance after onset of a disaster

· days taken to start assistance after onset of a disaster (2011:≥ 14 days

· days taken to start assistance after onset of a disaster 2016: <7 days)

· Government publications and reports.

· Evaluation reports.

· Post disaster assessment reports

· National MGDS Reports.

· Government willing to put into practice what is reflected in the MGDS.

· Continued donor financial and technical support

· Political uncertainties

· Political will and change in mind set for DRM.

Output 2. Disaster risk management mainstreamed in policies and development plans

· Number of key sector policies, development plans at national and district levels reflecting DRM

· % increase in budget allocation on DRM

· % reduction in economic and social losses after a disaster occurs

· % of households adopting mitigative and risk reduction initiatives in the disaster prone districts

· No key policy with DRM incorporated i.e. Agri. and water development, Env., Education , Forestry, lands housing and rural development policies

· No DRM specific budget allocation

· 60% economic and social loss

· 30% of HH adopting mitigative measures

· 4 key policies reflecting DRM

· 1% budget allocation for DRM

· Economic and social loss reduced to 20%

· 80% of households

· Sector plans,

· Sector budgets,

· Public Expenditure Reviews

· Sector policies

· Post disaster assessment reports

· Survey reports

· Social Economic profiles

· District Development Plans

· Government reports

· Consultancy reports

· Government willing to integrate DRM

· DRM policy Approved and Act reviewed

· Capacity built is retained within the government system at the ministry and assembly level

· Government will be able to raise the required funds

· Political uncertainties

· Political will and change in mind set for DRM

Output 3. Data and knowledge on the impact of natural disasters collected and made accessible to decision makers in Government, Private Sector, Civil Society, and Communities.

· Number of strategies implemented from the communication strategy

· Number of DRR principles incorporated in school curricula Number of government agencies, CSOs with access to data and reports on impact of natural disasters

· Number of districts with resource centers

· Number of DRM related data bases that are linked and periodically updated

· No communication strategy

· 0

· No DRM resource centers

· 1 data base with no linkages

· 10 strategies implemented

· 1

· 14 resource centers

· 8 databases linked

· Survey reports

· Policy briefs

· Workshops and policy dialogue proceedings

· Reports from government agencies, private companies, and CSOs

· DRM data bases

· Cooperation between the various ministries with respect to data sharing and management

· Connectivity between the databases and the upkeep of relevant data

· Enough awareness and understanding of the importance of DRM in promoting risk reduction

· Wide media coverage on impacts of disasters

Output 4. Coordination mechanisms and implementation arrangements for DRM/DRR established and used at national level and in the 15 disaster-prone districts

· Number of targeted DCPC, ACPs and VCPCs established, trained and functional

· Number of Sector Working Group, Steering Committees (SC)and Technical Committee (TC) and DRM platform meetings

· Number of simulation exercises and updated contingency plans

· Number of partner compliant to the Operational Guidelines on DRM

· 30% of CPCs, ACPCs and VCPCs functional and trained

· No DRM platform forum held, irregular SWG

· 1 simulation exercise

· 14 contingency plans and one national contingency plan

· 7 partners

· 80% of ACPCs and VCPCs functional and trained

· 10 platform meetings,10 SWG meetings, 20 TCs and SCs

· 20 simulation exercises (4/yr)

· 15 reviewed and operationalized

contingency plans

· 15 partners

· Minutes of DRM platform and SWG meetings

· DoDMA Reports

· Steering and Technical committee minutes

· District council reports

· MGDS II monitoring reports

· Sector reports

· Cooperation between the various ministries with respect to data sharing and management

· Continued donor financial and technical support

· Limited staff turn-over at DoDMA and in the 15 target districts

Output 5 Monitoring and Evaluation

· Number of sector Ministries and assemblies that have established M&E systems that are operational

· % of trained sector staff using M&E skills in their work.

· Number of Assemblies who have gender-disaggregated information reflected in selected sector reports such as for education, health, gender and agriculture

· 5

· 35% (to be verified)

· 4 districts (to be verified)

· 11

· 80%

· 11 districts

· Baseline study report

· Mid-term review report

· Impact evaluation report

· Level of appreciation of M&E increases at all levels over time

VI. Management Arrangements

Figure 3 below shows the management arrangements for the programme.

Figure 3: Management structure

(DoDMAProject Personnel: DRR Advisor, ICT and Economist UNVs, Finance AnalystProject BoardDoDMANational Disaster Preparedness and Relief Committee (NDRPC-OPC)National Platform Tripartite Review Forum (UNDP)Vulnerability and Disaster risk management Sector Working GroupTechnical CommitteeProgramme Organisation StructureDistrict Executive Committee(DEC)Civil Protection Committee(CPC)District Civil Protection Committee (DCPC))

The Project Board as per this PSD is the group of executives responsible for making on a consensus basis management decisions for a programme and its projects, when guidance is required by the Project Manager, including recommendation for UNDP and approval of project revisions. Project reviews by this group are made at designated decision points during the running of a project, or as necessary when raised by the Project Manager. This group is consulted by the Project Manager for decisions when tolerances (i.e. constraints normally in terms of time and budget) have been exceeded.

This group contains three roles:

1)Executive (role represented by National Implementing Partner) that holds the project ownership and chairs the group and is the DoDMA structure

2)Senior Supplier (role represented by UNDP, and other partners) that provides guidance regarding the technical feasibility of the project, and use of programme resources;

3)Senior Beneficiary (role represented by DoDMA’s Department of Risk Management Affairs) that ensures the realization of project benefits from the perspective of project beneficiaries.

Potential members of the Project Board are reviewed and recommended for approval during the Local Programme Advisory Committee (LPAC) virtual meeting. The Project Board holds its sessions one time every six months upon the initiative of the NPD. Accordingly, the authority of the NPD (Coordinator of DoDMA) will be delegated to the UNDP Programme Manager for day-to-day implementation management.

The Project Board can also decide on the participation of civil society organisations in its activity, but they shall not be assigned with a specific role, they shall not have access to decision-making and funds allocation, they shall have the substantive advisory functions exclusively.

Project implementation will be governed by provisions of the present Programme Support Document, its annexes and UNDP Operations Manual. Governance of the Project will be supported through annual work planning as well as reporting and monitoring the delivery of results and impact on the basis of the results framework. The annual work plans as well as progress reporting will be the responsibility of the project management and will be approved by NPD in close consultation with UNDP. The Project implementation shall ensure the Government ownership and active participation in Project activities, leaving the Project staff with the function of rendering expert support, but not substitution of the national structures/mechanisms.

The work plan will be implemented upon its endorsement by NIP and UNDP. The endorsed work plan will serve as an authorization to the Programme Manager to disburse funds and project implementation. Implementation responsibility will be put on the Project Manager in close partnership with the NIP in terms of ownership and UNDP – in terms of advisory support. This will create an enabling environment for participatory decisions reached in the process of preparing the work plans to be implemented effectively and efficiently. The Programme Manager will consistently inform the NIP of the progress.

When acting as representative of the NIP, the NPD, together with national Responsible Parties, will ensure sound linkage of all decisions and experience of the project with