What is an essay? 1-2Understanding the MLA style

Definition of “essay”Noun: A short piece of writing on a particular

subject.An essay is a short piece of writing which is

often written from an author's personal point of view. 

Essays are pieces of written work, which are submitted by students to the university and is one form of assessment.

A group of paragraphs presenting facts and analysis about one main idea.

Your essay• Around 8 pages long• Use Microsoft Word or 한글• Double-spaced, Times New Roman size 12• Use lots of quotes• No cover page• Must have page numbers

Double-spacing 2.0In Microsoft Word 2007:

Double-spacingIn Microsoft Word 2003Format -> Paragraph서식 -> 단력줄 간격 -> Double / 2.0

Double-spacing 300%In 한글 2010

Times New Roman/Arial size 12In 한글

Times New Roman size 12In Microsoft Word

Step 1: Choose one short story1. The Cuban Swimmer Milcha Sanchez-Scott

2. “Desiree’s Baby” Kate Chopin

3. “Roman Fever” Edith Wharton

4. “Hills Like White Elephants” Ernest Hemingway

5. “The Chrysanthemums” John Steinbeck

6. “Everyday Use” Alice Walker

7. “Happy Endings” Margaret Atwood

8. “Cathedral” Raymond Carver

The Cuban Swimmer is a play while the rest are short stories.

Step 2: Find your story1. You should check the library for “literature

“anthology,” “short stories” and “fiction anthology.” ( 명문집 / 영소설선 )

Step 2: Find your storyYou can also find your story on the Internet,

using Google or Naver

Step 2: Find your storyYou should search for:Title, author, full textFor example:Happy Endings Margaret Atwood full text

Step 3Make a photocopy or print your storyRead itUnderline itBring it to class next weekShow me! (10%)

MLA StyleModern Language Association

Title PageName, student numberTitle (bold, underlined)TextPage number

1

Quotes 인용 引用Long quotes:

a separate, indented paragraph

Short quotes:Use quotation marks = “blah, blah, blah.”

After the quote:Cite ( 인용 ) using the writer’s last name & page

numberExample: (Atwood 1)First page of Margaret Atwood’s story

Use lots of quotes (long quote)

Margaret Atwood’s story “Happy Endings” reminds me of my life because the two

main characters John and Mary get married and have a happy life.

John and Mary fall in love and get married. They both have worthwhile and

remunerative jobs which they find stimulating and challenging. They buy a

charming house. (Atwood 1)

Just like John, I married my wife after we fell in love. I also have a great job and I

want to buy a charming house.

Indented ->

Last name of writer + page number

Use lots of quotes (short quote)

Margaret Atwood’s story “Happy Endings” reminds me of my life because the two

main characters John and Mary get married and have a happy life. “John and Mary

fall in love and get married. They both have worthwhile and remunerative jobs

which they find stimulating and challenging. They buy a charming house” (Atwood

1). Just like John, I married my wife after we fell in love. I also have a great job and

I want to buy a charming house.

Quotation marksLast name of writer + page number

Works Cited 참고 문헌At the end of your essayWriter’s nameTitle of poem/short story/play/novelYear published

Works CitedExample: Margaret Atwood’s “Happy

Endings”

Atwood, Margaret. “Happy Endings.” 1983.

Last name First name Title Year published

Essay writingTips

TransitionsGiving a reason: becauseGiving an example: for example, for instance

Conclusion:

therefore thus hence

consequently in conclusion at last

then in brief finally

More transitionsCompare ideas:

Show different ideas:

Also Too In addition

Similarly Furthermore Moreover

However On the other hand

Although

Whereas But Nevertheless

Sequence transitionsFirst Second Third

Next Then finally

Sentence structure 문장 구조Two types of sentences

Active 능동태 Subject + verb + object

Margaret Atwood wrote “Happy Endings” in 1983.

Passive 피동사 , 수동태 Object + past participle + subject

“Happy Endings” was written in 1983 by Margaret Atwood.

Articles 관사Use a/an before a common noun

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

Use the when you are referring to a specific instance of a noun.The apples in the refrigerator were delicious.

Do NOT use an article before a proper noun.Daegu is a big city.Daegu is a city.

Adjectives 형용사 Adjectives come before nouns

Daegu is a big city.Gyeongsan is a small city.Daegu is bigger than Gyeongsan. Seoul is the biggest city in Korea.

Tenses (1st person)Simple present

I eat apples.Present continuous

I am eating an apple.Simple past

I ate apples.Future

I will eat apples.I am going to eat apples.I plan to eat apples.

Tenses (3rd person)Simple present

She eats apples.Present continuous

She is eating an apple.Simple past

She ate apples.Future

She will eat apples.She is going to eat apples.She plans to eat apples.

The “be” verbPast

I was a boy. (he/she)You were a girl.

PresentI am a man. You are a woman.She is a woman.

FutureI will be an old man. / You will be an old woman.I am going to be an old man. / You are going to be …She is going to be an old woman.