understanding the importance of hsupa in driving the uptake of profitable applications

1 © NOKIA Importance of HSUPA / SLauszus

Understanding the Importance of HSUPA in driving the uptake of

profitable applications

Svend LauszusDirector, HSPA Marketing&Sales


High Speed Downlink Packet AccessTaking WCDMA to the Next Stage

• Higher data performance • Downlink data rate: 1.8-14 Mbps• Low latency: 100 ms

Newadaptive modulation

and coding Efficientscheduling

in BTS

Fastretransmission

in BTS

Data rates are optimized dynamically during the session according to radio link quality. This ensures highest possible data rates to end-users.

BTS schedules data transmission instead of RNC. This results in multi-user diversity gains.

Data retransmission is handled by BTS. UE combines correct bits from original transmission and retransmission (and HARQ). This provides fastest possible response.

NewFast

Efficient

• Higher network efficiency• Higher spectral efficiency• Higher Iub efficiency than R99• Higher Baseband efficiency

HSDPA


High Speed Uplink Packet AccessAdditional Performance Gains

• Higher data performance • Uplink data rate: 1-5 Mbps• Low latency: 50 ms

NewHigher ordermodulation Efficient

schedulingin BTS

Fastretransmission

in BTS

Data rates are optimized dynamically during the session according to radio link quality. This ensures highest possible data rates to end-users.

BTS schedules data transmission instead of RNC. This results in multi-user diversity gains.

Data retransmission is handled by BTS. BTS combines correct bits from original transmission and re transmission (and HARQ). This provides fastest possible response.

NewFast

Efficient

• Higher network efficiency• Higher spectral efficiency• Higher Iub efficiency than R99• Higher Baseband efficiency

HSUPA


HSDPA - UE Categories

10

9

8

7

6

54

3

2

1

12

11

HSDPACategory

-

-

-

-

3.6 Mbps

3.6 Mbps1.8 Mbps

1.8 Mbps

1.2 Mbps

1.2 Mbps

1.8 Mbps

0.9 Mbps

5 Codes

--36302QPSK only

--36301QPSK only

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAMQPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM

QPSK/16QAM

Modulation

14.0 Mbps

10.1 Mbps

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

15 Codes

-279521

-202511

7.2 Mbps144111

7.2 Mbps144111

-73981

-73981-73982

-73982

-72983

-72983

10 CodesTransportBlock sizeInter-TTI

• HSDPA is using QPSK and 16QAM modulation with multicode transmission to achieve high datarates

• Theoretical peak bit rate up to 14.4 Mbps• 1.8 (or even 3.6) Mbps capability expected initially

Some early chipsets targeted for use as pc-cards

14,4 Mbps(theoretical)


HSUPA - UE Categories• HSUPA is using BPSK modulation with multicode transmission to

achieve high datarates• Theoretical peak bit rate up to 5.76 Mbps• 1.46 Mbps capability expected initially

11520

20000

20000

5837

20000

14592

2919

14592

7296

Transport Block size

2 Mbps102 x SF24

2.9 Mbps22 x SF24

1.46 Mbps102 x SF42

1.46 Mbps22 x SF42

2 Mbps102xSF2 + 2xSF46

6

5

3

1

HSUPACategory

2

10

10

10

TTI

2xSF2 + 2xSF4

2 x SF2

2 x SF4

1 x SF4

Codes x Spreading

5.76 Mbps

2 Mbps

1.46 Mbps

0.73 Mbps

Data rate

5.76 Mbps(theoretical)


Network Infrastructure Costper subscriber per month

100

EU

R

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Served MB per user per month (MB/User/Month)

GPRSEDGEWCDMAHSPA


• Efficient Scheduling• Higher Order Modulation• Fast Retransmissions


Fast Scheduling Reduces Noise Variance• Faster scheduling reduces

noise rise variations ⇒ Less headroom needed⇒ Cell capacity and user

data rates are increased

• A first estimated increase in the cell capacity is 15-20% for the same noise rise outage

Operation point can be increased

because variance is reduced.


Uplink Cell Troughput

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

R99 RNC schedulingBLER=1%

HSUPA round robin HSUPA proportionalfair

kbps

Release’99

HSUPA

• HSUPA gain up to 50% higher cell troughput


Uplink Average User Throughputwith 21 Users Per Cell

• HSUPA gain up to 50% higher user throughput in loaded cells

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Release 99 Fast retransmit Node Bscheduling

Fast proportionalscheduling

kbps

per

use

r

+9%+24%

+43%HSUPARelease’99


HSDPA Data PerformanceSingle User Bit Rate in Macro Cell

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Distance from BTS [relative to cell radius, 1=cell edge]

kbps

3.6 Mbps close to cell center

Approx 300 kbps at the cell edge

Median data rate 770 kbps

(at 0.7x distance)

Release ’99 DCH

HSDPA


HSUPA Data PerformanceSingle User Data Rates in Macro Cells

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Distance from BTS [relative to cell radius, 1=cell edge]

kbps

Release ’99 DCH

HSUPA

1.4 Mbps close to cell center

Approx 300 kbps at the cell edge

Median data rate700 kbps

(at 0.7x distance)


Video Streaming Application Bit Rates• Minimum bit rate for good quality video approx 50-60 kbps• Very good quality with approx 100-150 kbps• No clear benefit from higher data rates in mobile display• Video quality is also affected by the streaming encoding even with the same bit rate

0

50

100

150

200

GPRS EDGE WCDMA HSUPA

kbps

Goodquality

Very goodquality

Lowquality

EDGE enables good quality

video streaming

WCDMA / HSUPAenables very good

quality video streaming


Content Upload times

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

EDGE WCDMA WCDMA384 kbps

HSUPA

kbps

per

use

r

4 MB MP3 music file300 kB high quality photo100 kb short video clip

64 kbps

208 s 380 s


Hybrid ARQ Gain

10-2

10-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

BLER target

Effe

ctiv

e re

quire

d E

bNo

to m

eet B

LER

targ

et [d

B]

Vehicular A channel profile, 50 km/h, 64 kbps, 10 ms TTI

HARQ Type I HARQ Type II/III

• Fast L1 retransmissions allow to operate at BLER =10% while maintaining the same RLC retransmission probability as with Release 99 BLER=1%

Sensitivity gain of 0.5…1 dB

1%10%


Higher Data Performance Round Trip Time Evolution

Round trip time of 32-Byte packet

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Today HSDPA HSDPA+HSUPA

ms

Release 99 200 ms

HSDPA <100 ms

HSUPA 50 ms

InternetIu + coreRNCIubNode BAIUE


Why Round Trip Time is Important (1) – Web Page Download Example

• Web page download involves several signaling messages• Each message exchange takes minimum 1 round trip time• Download takes minimum 3 to 4 round trip times even for a small page• Several TCP connections may be required in a single page

UE DNS server Web server

DNS* query and reply

TCP connection establishment

HTTP request and reply (text)

HTTP request and reply (pictures)

Minimum 3 to 4 round trip times required for page download

1

2

3

4

*) DNS = domain name server


Why Round Trip Time is Important (2) – Web Page Download Example

1 2 3-4

2 3-4

Download with long round trip time

Download with short round trip time

TCP slow start

Max bit rate used only after TCP slow start

Bit rate

Faster download even if max bit rate is

not increased

Time

1


Higher Data Performance Outlook Synchronization

Outlook offline synchronization [No mail download]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

10 50 100 200 300 500

Round trip time [ms]

Dow

nloa

d tim

e [s

]

Lower round trip time clearly improves performance.

Bit rate does not affect performance since no emails are downloaded

128 kbps384 kbps1 Mbps


Why VoIP Performs Better in HSPA than in DO• More flexible HARQ scheme

• HSPA has adaptive and asynchronous HARQ. • DO has synchronous H-ARQ scheme.

• More flexible control channel design• HSPA has own control information for each transmission or retransmission. • DO control information is only carried in the beginning of the transmission

as a preamble.

• More accurate C/I reporting• HSPA uses accurate C/I report. • DO uses DRC reporting and the base station must follow modes compatible

with the reported DRC.

These differences are significant when small packets are transmitted with low delay requirements, like VoIP. The differences are less important with large TCP packets without guaranteed delay requirements.


SummaryNokia High Speed Packet Access Solution

• Different - Major New Functionality• Downlink peak datarates 1-14 Mbps• New adaptive and higher order modulation and coding• Efficient Node B based packet scheduling• Fast Node B based retransmissions• Improved latency, Round Trip Time 50 ms• Higher uplink datarates 0.5-5 Mbps

• Growth - Engine for Traffic Growth• Improved spectral efficiency (new modulation)• Improved baseband efficiency (new scheduling)• Improved Iub efficiency

• Evolution - Investment Protection• Backwards compatible• Gradual introduction possible

New architecture

Maximum efficiency

Investment follows revenue


Thank you!

understanding the importance of hsupa in driving the uptake of profitable applications

Documents

cell hsupa

mbps theoretical

mbps close

mbps capability

higher data rates

mbps low latency

data retransmission

higher cell troughput