understanding the fade plan, prompt hierarchy and data collection prompt hierarchy section created...
TRANSCRIPT
Understanding the Fade Plan, Prompt Hierarchy and Data Collection
Prompt Hierarchy Section created by JANET HULL, Teacher Specialist for Nonpublic Office
Presented by Mary Barbera, Special Education Resource for PreKindergarten and Kindergarten
PRE ASSESSMENTPLEASE SUBMIT TO YOUR ADMINISTRATOR
AACPS-Division of Special Education – Para Educator Training Videos Name: School:Date:
1. A fade plan a. is the same as the IEP and is needed by all students with IEPs. b. is used when the team thinks that the student may not longer need special education support. c. can only be provided by a certified special educator or therapist. d. is a way to document the areas in which a child needs extra support in the classroom and the child’s progress.
2. Which of the following are cues versus prompts? I. “Class, turn to page 22 in your math book and complete problems 1 to 10.” II. The teacher shows the student a card with a picture of the cover of the math book. III. The teacher claps her hands in a rhythm to signal for the class to get quiet. a. I and II c. I and III b. II d. I, II, and III
PRE ASSESSMENTPLEASE SUBMIT TO YOUR
ADMINISTRATOR
PRE ASSESSMENTPLEASE SUBMIT TO YOUR ADMINISTRATOR
3. If a student cannot write her name independently, what would be the least intrusive prompt to start with? a. Verbal Prompt c. Modeling b. Partial Physical Prompt d. Visual Prompt
4. Running Records and Anecdotal Records are examples of a. Duration Recording. c. Time Sampling. b. Objective Recording. d. Narrative Recording
5. A disadvantage of Time Sampling, Duration Recording and Frequency Counts is that a. They do not necessarily give you information about the antecedents of a behavior. b. They are difficult to collect. c. They rely on having extra materials available. d. It is difficult to summarize the information.
Defining Cues and Prompting
A Cue refers to a natural request made by an adult to the student to follow a direction or begin/complete a task.
Defining Cues and Prompting
A prompt refers to any additional information, assistance and guidance given to the student following a natural teacher cue.
Help…
Most
Intrusive
to
Least
Intrusive Verbal
Gestural
Visual
Model
Partial Physical
Full Physical
Independent
Verbal Prompting
Verbal prompts can be Direct or Indirect
Direct Verbal – tell the student what he/she is expected to do or say (e.g., “Turn your powerchair right.”)
Indirect Verbal – we tell the
student that something is
expected, but not exactly
what (e.g., “Now what?”
“What’s next?”, etc.)
What do we do next?
Tips for using Verbal Prompts
Use vocabulary that is familiar to the student
Use structurally simple and relatively short sentences when prompting
Use “start” directions rather than “stop” directions
Adjust your rate of speaking when giving a verbal prompt
Use “Start Directions”
When giving a direction to a student, tell them what you DO want them to do.
Start Directions
Walk in the hall
Use an inside voice
???
???
Stop Directions
Stop running
Don’t yell
Stop calling out
No hitting
More tips for verbal prompting
Give “Wait Time” after the prompt (10 sec- 1 minute)
Repeat prompt if needed
Avoid excessive verbal prompting
Gestural
Gestural Prompting includes providing a motion to aid the student in understanding what is expected of him/her.
Pointing to the item the student
will need: Point to the door if
you should be leaving, point
to the calculators if they need
to get a calculator.
Visual
Visual Prompting includes providing visual aid the student in understanding what is expected of him/her.
Providing a visual schedule
for students to refer to
Mini Schedules for Activity Blocks
Language Arts
Group
Seatwork
Work with Teacher
Choose a book
Media
Daily Check List (To Do List)
Today I will… _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Task Organizer and Work Cues
Write name
Color
Cut
Glue
Put in finished box
Get next paper
Change According to
Activity
Visual Cues for redirection
Expectations for response
Expectations for behavior Raise your hand, Hands in Lap
Modeling
An adult demonstrates a desired response or skill for a student. Demonstration can include verbal prompting.
Modeling “thinking aloud” when solving a problemDemonstrating use of a
picture scheduleModeling a task/activity
Partial Physical
Giving a student a limited amount of physical guidance through an activity/task.
Guiding a students hand
during an hands on activity Starting a zipper on a coat Holding one hand as the
student manages a set of
stairs
Full Physical
Physically guiding the student
through a task or activityHands on a student’s
shoulder while turning
their body
Using hand-over-hand
when writing, cutting,
& more
Independent
The student is able to perform the task on his/her own with no prompts or assistance.Use of normal, everyday cues that a teacher routinely uses with all students
Generally established part of classroom routines
Using Prompting Strategies to Increase Student Independence
Always allow the target student(s) to respond to the teacher cue before providing a prompt.
- If the teacher needs to provide multiple cues to
the entire class, continue to wait before providing
a prompt.
Avoid providing prompts for skills that a student currently demonstrates
Prior to providing a prompt, gain student attention (eye contact as appropriate)
Begin with the least intrusive prompt initiallyUse prompts in conjunction with reinforcement (verbal
phrase, point sheets, rewards, etc.)Discontinue prompting for a skill that has been mastered
Using Prompting Strategies to Increase Student Independence
Fading Visual Prompts
Today I will…
____________________
____________________
____________________
Write name
Color
Cut
Glue
Put in finished box
Get next paper
Fading Prompt Location
Visual Prompts:
Start: Next to student
Later: Within line of vision
Gestural or verbal prompts:
Start: Seated next to student in classes
Later: Roving the class/going to student when needed
Last: Present for only a part of class
Data Collection
What? Information collected to document child’s
performanceWhy?
To measure whether the child is making progressHow?
Define the behavior precisely and find the most efficient way to record the behavior
Who? Teacher decides on form, trains TSA Teacher and TSA record data
Common Methods of Data Collection
Running records Detailed account of events as they occur (pretend you are
a video camera) for a limited amount of time. Record what the teacher, student, peers say or do. Do not include WHY you think they did it.
Ex: Running record of a child’s actions during center time Pros/Cons
Anecdotal records Brief record of an incident that has happened in the recent
past using “observable” language – what the teacher, student, peers said or did
Ex: incident recorded on a behavior chart Pros/Cons
Is it Observable?
INCLUDES INTERPRETATION:Johnny was sitting at his desk doing morning work. He got mad when Suzie bumped his chair so he stole her book.
ONLY OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR:Johnny was sitting at his desk going morning work. Susie walked behind him and bumped his chair with her book. Johnny growled and pulled her book from her hand.
Duration recording
Duration Recording
Record the amount of time a behavior lasts
Ex: Child sat for (Number of minutes) during morning meeting
Pros/Cons
Example of Duration Recording
Date Time (record minutes) spent in Learning Lab for Calming
9/15 8:45-8:53 = 812:32-12:48 = 16
9/16 12:40-1:02 = 22
9/22 8:34-8:45 = 910:16-10:30 = 14
9/23 12:30-12:36 = 6
Range of time for calming = 6-22 minutesAverage time for calming = 12.5 minutes
Time Sampling
Time Sampling
Record whether the behavior occurs or not during a set time interval.
Ex: At each 5 minutes on the clock during group rotations, mark if the child is on-task (+) or off- task(-)
Pros/Cons
Example of Time Sampling
Time of
Day9:03
9:04
9:05
9:06
9:07
9:08
9:09
9:10
9:11
9:12
+/-- + + + -- -- + + + + --
Goal 1: Requisite Learning Obj.3: Complete a color/cut/paste task within teacher determined time limit
Criteria: If child is working on project, or asking relevant question of adult or peer mark +
70%
Frequency Count
Frequency Count Tally the number of times a clearly defined behavior
occurs in a set amount of time
Ex: Number of times child leaves the classroom in a day
Pros/Cons
Example of Frequency Count Chart
Peers Adults
Mon. | |||
Tues. ||
Wed ||||||
Thurs. |
Fri. ||
Goal 2: Social Pragmatics Obj. 1: Initiate greetings with adults and peers
Criteria: Greet person with no prompts by saying “Hi,” “Hello,” “Good Morning,” saying person’s name, etc.
Average of times per day = 0.8 Average of times per day = 2.4
Level of Prompt
Level of Prompt Mark whether child completes behavior (+/-) AND any
prompts that were given
Ex: Toileting steps
Pros/Cons
Example of Level of Prompt Checklist
Goal 1: Requisite Learning Obj.1: Complete routines with no more than 2 verbal prompts
Criteria: Mark + when step is completed without prompts If prompt is needed, mark using code M= Model VP=Verbal Vis=Visual PP=Physical Prompt
Step Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri.
Take off backpack + + +
Take off coat + none +
Hang coat in locker VP-VP+
none +
Take materials out of backpack
VP-VP- PP +
VP-VP+
VP+
Put snack on shelf VP + + +
Put folder in teacher basket
VP-Vis+
VP+ VP+
Start morning work VP+ VP+ VP+
Making Data Collection Worthwhile
Use it to help analyze any “stumbling blocks” and then to revise instruction
Use it to document progress for progress reports, behavior plans, fade plans
Credits
Slides on the Prompt Hierarchy were from Janet Hull’s presentation for the Paraeducator Conference August 18 and 19, 2011. Minor adaptations were made.
POST ASSESSMENTPLEASE SUBMIT TO YOUR ADMINISTRATOR
AACPS-Division of Special Education – Para Educator Training Videos Name: School:Date:
1. A fade plan a. is the same as the IEP and is needed by all students with IEPs. b. is used when the team thinks that the student may not longer need special education support. c. can only be provided by a certified special educator or therapist. d. is a way to document the areas in which a child needs extra support in the classroom and the child’s progress.
2. Which of the following are cues versus prompts? I. “Class, turn to page 22 in your math book and complete problems 1 to 10.” II. The teacher shows the student a card with a picture of the cover of the math book. III. The teacher claps her hands in a rhythm to signal for the class to get quiet. a. I and II c. I and III b. II d. I, II, and III
PRE ASSESSMENTPLEASE SUBMIT TO YOUR
ADMINISTRATOR
POST ASSESSMENTPLEASE SUBMIT TO YOUR ADMINISTRATOR
3. If a student cannot write her name independently, what would be the least intrusive prompt to start with? a. Verbal Prompt c. Modeling b. Partial Physical Prompt d. Visual Prompt
4. Running Records and Anecdotal Records are examples of a. Duration Recording. c. Time Sampling. b. Objective Recording. d. Narrative Recording.
5. A disadvantage of Time Sampling, Duration Recording and Frequency Counts is that a. they do not necessarily give you information about the antecedents of a behavior. b. they are difficult to collect. c. they rely on having extra materials available. d. it is difficult to summarize the information.