“understanding the effects of genes on human traits” and “cell memory mechanism discovered”
TRANSCRIPT
Aura María Vélez GrandaMedicine Student
III SemesterMolecular Biology
“Understanding the Effects of Genes On Human Traits” And “Cell Memory Mechanism Discovered”
INTRODUCTION
All proteins perform
elementary functions for
cellular life, but each of them also
has a more specific function
proteins carry out functions
that determines the information
encoded in the DNA
proteins are
synthesized from a mRNA
template
the translation takes place
on ribosomes
involves the interaction of three types of RNA
molecules: RNAm, RNAt
y RNAr
“Understanding the Effects of Genes On Human Traits”
Science daily, July 31, 2013
Recent technological developments in genomics have revealed a large number of genetic influences on
common complex diseases, such as diabetes, asthma, cancer or schizophrenia.
The study published in Nature Communications, propose a novel approach for scanning the entire genome that will help us understand the effect of
genes on human traits.
"This completely new methodology really opens up different ways of understanding how the genome
affects the biology of the human body"
“Understanding the Effects of Genes On Human Traits”
Science daily, July 31, 2013
DNA is the blueprint according to which our body is constructed and
functions Image taken from:http://www.quo.es/salud/no-existe-adn-basura
“Understanding the Effects of Genes On Human Traits”
Science daily, July 31, 2013
Cells "read" this blueprint by transcribing the information
into RNA, which is then used as a template to construct
proteins -- the body's building blocks
Genes are scanned based on the association of their RNA with ribosomes -- particles in which protein synthesis takes
place.
“Understanding the Effects of Genes On Human Traits”
Science daily, July 31, 2013
"Thanks to this methodology, we can now better understand the effect of
genetic variants on translation of RNA to protein, a powerful way of developing biomarkers for personalized medicine
and new therapies."Image taken from:http://
munani-jkl.blogspot.com/2011/06/adn.html
PERSONAL OPINION
I think I understand the effects causing genes in human traits is essential to explain and determine patterns of
inheritance, genetic disorders, physical and personality aspects and the
different factors that can cause some influence on these.
“Cell Memory Mechanism Discovered ”Science daily, August 15, 2013
DNA binding proteins called transcription factors are required for maintaining cell
identity.
They ensure that daughter cells have the same function
as their mother cell
each time a cell divides the specific
binding pattern of the transcription factors is erased and has to be
restored
“Cell Memory Mechanism Discovered ”Science daily, August 15, 2013
Image taken from: http://img1.mxstatic.com/wallpapers/261c9dd951e027ffeda1e2927434d5e0_large.jpeg
The DNA in human cells is translated into a multitude of proteins required for a cell to function. When, where and how proteins are expressed is determined by regulatory DNA
sequences and a group of proteins, known as transcription factors, that bind to these DNA sequences.
“Cell Memory Mechanism Discovered ”Science daily, August 15, 2013
It is critical that the pattern of transcription factor binding in the genome be maintained. During each cell division, the transcription factors are removed from DNA and must find their way back to the right spot after the cell has
divided.
Scientist found a possible mechanism for how this cellular memory works, and how it helps the cell remember the order that existed before the cell divided,
helping the transcription factors find their correct places
“Cell Memory Mechanism Discovered ”Science daily, August 15, 2013
They found tha
t a large protein
complex called
cohesin is positi
oned as a ring
around the two
DNA strands th
at are formed w
hen a cell divide
s, marking
virtually all the
places on the D
NA where trans
cription factors
were bound. S
ince
the two new DN
A strands are ca
ught in the ring
, only one cohe
sin is needed to
mark the two, t
hereby helping
the transcripti
on factors to fin
d their original
binding region
on both DNA st
rands.
Image taken from:http
://img.noticiascristianas.me/noticias/2012/08/28/la-variacion-del-adn-humano1.jpg
PERSONAL OPINION
The possible importance based on the discovery of particular
proteins rings surrounding DNA and how these as memory cell, it is essential to study the genome and its alterations, and identify
mutations or abnormalities.
MEDICAL UTILITY
Today human genetics includes the study of
heredity in humans and to understand the effects of
genes on traits
And that genes are the basic units of
heredity
Image taken from:http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_nwhZ4_zqUXo/TGB4gwyfcxI/AAAAAAAAAA8/RLC_hy6Xxls/s320/cromosoma01.jpg
MEDICAL UTILITY
As are a DNA sequence in the genome that is required for the
formation of a functional product, these exert small or
large effects in human characteristics.
Image taken from:http
://www.urosario.edu.co/urosario_files/95/95f82cf2-a772-4128-aeef-1f646d6ffa8b.jpg
MEDICAL UTILITY
Recent technological developments in genomics
have revealed a large number of genetic influences
on common complex diseases
such as diabetes, asthma, cancer or
schizophrenia
MEDICAL UTILITY
It is important to know that the information stored in the
cellular memory predisposes us to perceive and behave in a certain way conditional, each cell is differentiated and always
retains its identity.
Image taken from:http
://m1.paperblog.com/i/142/1428175/el-genoma-humano-del-adn-mas-un-siglo-L-w_TKqx.jpeg
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Martínez S, Lina María. Biología Molecular. 7 ed. Medellín: UPB. Facultad de Medicina, 2012. 106-111.P
• Quan Li, Angeliki Makri, Yang Lu, Luc Marchand, Rosemarie Grabs, et al. Understanding the Effects of Genes On Human Traits. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(July 31). available online: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130731164757.htm
• Jian Yan, Martin Enge, Thomas Whitington, Kashyap Dave, Jianping Liu, et al. Cell Memory Mechanism Discovered. sciencedaily, (online magazine),2013(August 15). available online: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130815161545.htm
