understanding networked applications: a first course chapter 3 by david g. messerschmitt
TRANSCRIPT
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Understanding Networked Applications:A First Course
Chapter 3
by
David G. Messerschmitt
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Taxonomy of organizational applications
Department
Enterprise
Economy
Commerce:Inter-enterpriseConsumerInter-consumer
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Buzzwords
• Business process reengineering (BPR)
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP)– Outgrowth of manufacturing resource planning
(MRP)
• Supply chain management
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Some types of applications
• Worker collaboration
• Operations and logistics
• Decision support
• Information and knowledge management
• Customer/supplier commerce
• Consumer commerce
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Some ERP categories
• Sales force management
• Document management
• Customer service and support
• Manufacturing logistics
• Accounting
• Human resources
• Supply-chain management
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Questions
• Do you have experience with any of these options? – In terms of:
• Effectiveness
• Pain
• Time/budget
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Fundamental options
• Custom application molded to existing organization
• Custom application molded to re-engineered organization
• Mold organization to off-the-shelf application– Common off-the-shelf (COTS) technology– Highly configurable
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Questions
• How standardized are organizational processes?– Customer service– Finance– Manufacturing
• Is software a good way to propagate best practices?
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Productivity quandary
• Economists have difficulty identifying major productivity improvements due to investment in information technology
• Questions:– How does one separate quality from
productivity?– In what ways can computing harm
productivity?
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Electronic commerce• Two varieties:
– Supply chain management: extension of ongoing business processes to suppliers and customers
– Marketplace: dynamic, opportunistic transactions conducted over the network
• Question:– What are some characteristics of these options, in
terms similar to social applications?
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Electronic marketplace
• Matching buyers and sellers– Deferred-publication style
– Recommender systems
• Negotiating terms– Task or work group
– Electronic auctions
• Consummation– Electronic payments and fullfillment
• Customer service
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Questions
• For both buyer and seller:– How does an auction differ from standard
pricing/discounting?– What impact might recommender systems
have?– Electronic payments? Bank account transfer
authorizations?
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Opportunities in consumer electronic commerce
• Equivalent of sales by direct-mail catalog– How is it different different?
• More ways to match buyer and seller• More payment options• Recommender systems
– What uses?
• Mass customization• Superstore: consolidation of suppliers
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Advantages over direct-mail catalog
• Customers find you– But gaining attention remains an issue
• Multimedia
• Fewer human agents -- labor savings
• Escalation to remote conferencing
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Matching buyer and seller
• Fixed price
• Price based on buyer characteristics– History– Demographics– Behavior– Sequential versioning
• Auctions
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Intermediation
• What intermediaries will be eliminated?
• What are legitimate roles for intermediaries in the networked age?
• What are some innovative roles for intermediaries?
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Payment options
• (Topic of Chapter 14)• Account transfer authorization• Credit/debit card• Digital cash
– Privacy
• Micropayments– Low transaction costs– Consolidation
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Recommender systems
• Extend and systematize the “reference”
• Suggest coupled sales
• Customer service:– discussion forums– knowledge bases
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Mass customization
• Requires supply chain management
• Just-in-time production
• Supplier component integration (e.g. Dell)
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Superstore
• Dynamic consolidation of multiple suppliers
• Major application of XML (discussed in Chapter 15)– Consistent presentation