Understanding Anti-Bullying Behavior:Understanding Anti-Bullying Behavior:

Creating a Welcoming School ClimateCreating a Welcoming School Climate

Circle Middle SchoolCircle Middle School

Benton, KansasBenton, Kansas

August 23-24, 2012August 23-24, 2012

Presenters:Presenters: Dr. Katherine Sprott & Jessie MylesDr. Katherine Sprott & Jessie Myles

Kansas State UniversityKansas State University

Midwest Equity Assistance CenterMidwest Equity Assistance Center

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What is an American?

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What do Americans

believe?

……Preamble to Declaration Preamble to Declaration of Independenceof Independence

““We hold these truths to be self-evident,We hold these truths to be self-evident,

that all men are created equal; that all men are created equal;

that they are endowed by their that they are endowed by their

Creator with inherent and Creator with inherent and

inalienable rights; that inalienable rights; that

among these, are life, among these, are life,

liberty, and the pursuit liberty, and the pursuit

of happiness.of happiness.44

Establish justice,Establish justice,

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Insure domestic tranquility,Provide for the common defense,Promote the general welfare, and Secure the blessings of liberty toourselves and our posterity,Do ordain and establishthis

What is bullying?What is bullying?

How does bullying How does bullying misrepresent the values of an misrepresent the values of an

American?American?

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Definition: Bullying occurs Definition: Bullying occurs when a when a ““person is exposed person is exposed repeatedly and over time, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the to negative actions on the part of one or more part of one or more persons,persons,”” and involves an and involves an imbalance of power imbalance of power between the bully and the between the bully and the victim.victim. - Olweus. Blueprints for

Violence Prevention, Book Nine: Bullying Prevention Program.

TYPES OF BULLYINGTYPES OF BULLYINGDirect Bullying Direct Bullying Indirect BullyingIndirect BullyingVerbal AggressionVerbal AggressionWritten AggressionWritten AggressionSexual HarassmentSexual HarassmentRacial and Cultural HarassmentRacial and Cultural HarassmentCyberbullyingCyberbullying

Direct BullyingDirect Bullying

Hitting, kicking, shoving, spitting…Hitting, kicking, shoving, spitting…

Taunting, teasing, racial and Taunting, teasing, racial and cultural slurs, verbal and written cultural slurs, verbal and written harassmentharassment

Threatening, obscene gestures, Threatening, obscene gestures, cyberbullyingcyberbullying

Indirect BullyingIndirect Bullying

Getting another person to bully Getting another person to bully someone for yousomeone for you

Spreading rumorsSpreading rumorsDeliberately excluding someone Deliberately excluding someone

from a group or activityfrom a group or activityCyber-bullyingCyber-bullying

CyberbullyingCyberbullying

CyberbullyingDefinition:

“The willful and repeated harm influenced through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices.”

A Troubling Trend…

VideoVideo

How can you stop bullying?How can you stop bullying?

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How to Stop BullyingHow to Stop Bullying

• Refuse to join.Refuse to join.• Walk away when bullies are acting Walk away when bullies are acting up. up. • Distract the bully so he or she Distract the bully so he or she stops the bullying behavior.stops the bullying behavior.• Report any bullying you see.Report any bullying you see.• Speak out.Speak out.• Stand beside the bullyStand beside the bully’’s target.s target.• Work with others to reduce Work with others to reduce bullying. bullying.

What to Do If YouWhat to Do If You’’re re BulliedBullied

Look at the kid bullying you and tell Look at the kid bullying you and tell him or her to stop in a calm, clear him or her to stop in a calm, clear voice. voice.

You can also try to laugh it off. You can also try to laugh it off. This works best if joking is easy for you. It This works best if joking is easy for you. It

could catch the kid bullying you off guard.could catch the kid bullying you off guard. If speaking up seems too hard or not If speaking up seems too hard or not

safe, walk away and stay away. safe, walk away and stay away. DonDon’’t fight back. Find an adult to stop the t fight back. Find an adult to stop the

bullying on the spot.bullying on the spot.1515

What to Do If YouWhat to Do If You’’re Bulliedre Bullied

Talk to an adult you trust. Talk to an adult you trust. DonDon’’t keep your feelings inside. t keep your feelings inside.

Telling someone can help you feel less alone. Telling someone can help you feel less alone. They can help you make a plan to stop the They can help you make a plan to stop the

bullying.bullying.Stay away from places where bullying Stay away from places where bullying

happens.happens.Stay near adults and other kids. Most Stay near adults and other kids. Most

bullying happens when adults arenbullying happens when adults aren’’t t around.around.

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The Bullying CircleThe Bullying Circle

Our Human RightsOur Human Rights

I have a right to be happy and to be treated with respect and compassion in my school:

This means that no one will laugh at me, humiliate me, or hurt my feelings.

Our Human RightsOur Human Rights

I have a right to be myself in my school:

This means that no one will treat me unfairly because of my skin color, for the choices I make or the beliefs I hold, for being fat or thin, tall or short, male or female, or for the way I look, speak, act, or dress.

Our Human RightsOur Human Rights

I have a right to be safe in my school:

This means that no one will hit me, kick me, push me, pinch me, hurt me, or threaten me, my family, or my personal belongings.

Our Human RightsOur Human Rights

I have a right to hear and be heard in my school:

This means that no one will yell, scream, shout, make loud noises, or otherwise interfere with my right to learn.

Our Human RightsOur Human Rights

I have a right to learn about myself in this school:

This means that I will be free to express my feelings and my opinions, without being interrupted, ridiculed, or punished.

Our Human RightsOur Human Rights

I have a right to learn according to my own ability:

This means no one will call me names because of the way I learn.

http://http://stopbullying.challenge.gstopbullying.challenge.gov/ov/

Message from the Message from the Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Erne DuncanErne Duncan

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1. WE WILL NOT BULLY OTHERS.1. WE WILL NOT BULLY OTHERS.

2. WE WILL TRY TO HELP STUDENTS WHO 2. WE WILL TRY TO HELP STUDENTS WHO ARE BULLIED.ARE BULLIED.

3. WE WILL TRY TO INCLUDE STUDENTS 3. WE WILL TRY TO INCLUDE STUDENTS WHO ARE LEFT OUT.WHO ARE LEFT OUT.

4. IF WE KNOW THAT SOMEBODY IS BEING 4. IF WE KNOW THAT SOMEBODY IS BEING BULLIED, WE WILL TELL AN ADULT AT THE BULLIED, WE WILL TELL AN ADULT AT THE

SCHOOL OR AT HOME.SCHOOL OR AT HOME.

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Anti-Bullying Pledge - Students

We the students of ______________________________ agree to join together to stamp out bullying at our school.

We believe that everybody should enjoy our school equally, and feel safe, secure and accepted regardless of color, race, gender, popularity, athletic ability, intelligence, religion and nationality.

Bullying can be pushing, shoving, hitting, and spitting, as well as name calling, picking on, making fun of, laughing at, and excluding someone. Bullying causes pain and stress to victims and is never justified or excusable as "kids being kids," "just teasing" or any other rationalization. The victim is never responsible for being a target of bullying.

By signing this pledge, we the students agree to: •Value student differences and treat others with respect.•Not become involved in bullying incidents or be a bully. •Be aware of the school's policies and support system with regard to bullying. •Report honestly and immediately all incidents of bullying to a faculty member.•Be alert in places around the school where there is less adult supervision such as bathrooms, corridors, and stairwells. •Support students who have been or are subjected to bullying. •Talk to teachers and parents about concerns and issues regarding bullying. •Work with other students and faculty, to help the school deal with bullying effectively. •Encourage teachers to discuss bullying issues in the classroom. •Provide a good role model for younger students and support them if bullying occurs. •Participate fully and contribute to assemblies dealing with bullying.

I acknowledge that whether I am being a bully or see someone being bullied, if I don't report or stop the bullying, I am just as guilty.

Signed by: _______________________________________

Print name: _______________________________________

Date:__________________

Thank YouThank You

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Thank YouThank You

Have a great school!Have a great school!

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What I Think About RaceWhat I Think About Race

A teen that is White, Black, Hispanic, A teen that is White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American finds it Asian, or Native American finds it easy to…easy to…

A teen that is White, Black, Hispanic, A teen that is White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American finds it Asian, or Native American finds it hard to…hard to…

Society expects teens that are White, Society expects teens that are White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American to act like…American to act like…

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What I Think About RaceWhat I Think About Race

What is the most important thing for What is the most important thing for others to understand about you?others to understand about you?

How is a teen that is White Black, How is a teen that is White Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American most Hispanic, Asian, or Native American most similar to you?similar to you?

How is a teen that is White, Black, How is a teen that is White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or Native American most Hispanic, Asian, or Native American most unlike you?unlike you?

What can you do to get along with others What can you do to get along with others who seem different from you?who seem different from you?

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Dear Dad,

I am really feeling like a total jerk for coming running like this to you. But I have tried everything that I know, and I just don’t know what else to do. You have always said that it is not a cowardly thing to admit when you are beaten. Well, I guess I am. Would you please drive up here to get me on Saturday. There is just no way that I will—or for that matter can—stay here.

Maybe I was just expecting too much. I really thought that this camp would be good. I thought that all of us from school were a team and that we would be a great team after we got back from here. That is not the way it has worked out. There are three whites here, and the black students are banded together into a tight unit against the three of us.

Dear Dad, con’d

At first I thought that it was some kind of joke—just to show us what it felt like to be a minority. But it is no joke. It is more than being called a name once too often. It is more than just one personal foul—like a hard jab into the stomach—too many. It is the feeling of being hated because of the color of my skin that I can’t take anymore.

God, Dad they never even gave me a chance. It really stinks. It really does.

See you Saturday. Dave

P.S. The other two guys I mentioned in the letter will need a ride too. If you can give them a lift to our place, then they can catch the bus home.

PhysicalPhysical—Harmful actions —Harmful actions against another personagainst another person’’s body.s body.

BitingBiting TrippingTrippingKickingKicking Pulling HairPulling HairPushingPushing HittingHitting

PinchingPinching

VerbalVerbal—Speaking to/about a —Speaking to/about a person in an unkind or hurtful person in an unkind or hurtful way.way.

SarcasmSarcasm TeasingTeasingName-CallingName-Calling Put-DownsPut-DownsPhone CallsPhone Calls Hurtful GossipHurtful Gossip

Spreading RumorsSpreading Rumors

EmotionalEmotional—Upsetting, —Upsetting, excluding or embarrassing a excluding or embarrassing a person.person.

Intentional ExclusionIntentional ExclusionNasty NotesNasty Notes

TormentingTormenting ThreateningThreateningHumiliationHumiliation

Social EmbarrassmentSocial Embarrassment

CYBERBULLYINGCYBERBULLYING

SexualSexual——Singles out a person Singles out a person because of gender and/or sexual because of gender and/or sexual orientation and demonstrates orientation and demonstrates unwarranted/unwelcome sexual unwarranted/unwelcome sexual behavior.behavior.

Sexual CommentsSexual CommentsAbusive CommentsAbusive Comments

Unwanted Physical ContactUnwanted Physical Contact

RacialRacial——Involves rejection or Involves rejection or isolation of a person because of isolation of a person because of ethnicity.ethnicity.

GesturesGestures Racial SlursRacial SlursTauntsTaunts

Name-CallingName-CallingMaking fun of: customs, skin Making fun of: customs, skin

color, accent and/or food choicescolor, accent and/or food choices

Bully:•One or more persons who

intentionally intimidate or harm another person.

•A bully has power or social support. The harm they cause can be physical, emotional or

both.

Victim:•The person who is

being bullied.•The victim has less power or social support and often blames him/herself for the

abuse.

Bystander:•One or more people who stand on the sidelines and passively

witness acts of bullying—bystanders might also actively provide encouragement and

support to the bully.•Bystanders may not seek help/intervene because they fear for their safety, may

lose friends, become a target or be labeled a tattletale or snitch.

Kids Who ObserveKids Who Observe

What do you usually do when you What do you usually do when you see a student being bullied?see a student being bullied?

38%38% Nothing, because itNothing, because it’’ssnone of my businessnone of my business

27%27% I donI don’’t do anything, butt do anything, butI think I should helpI think I should help

35%35% I try to help him or herI try to help him or her

Bullying…Bullying…

Is aggressive behavior that intends Is aggressive behavior that intends to cause harm or distress.to cause harm or distress.HUMILIATIONHUMILIATION

Usually is repeated over time.Usually is repeated over time.

Occurs in a relationship where Occurs in a relationship where there is an imbalance of power or there is an imbalance of power or strength.strength.

Bullying can be related to Bullying can be related to hostile acts perpetrated hostile acts perpetrated against racial and ethnic against racial and ethnic

minorities, gay, lesbian, and bi-minorities, gay, lesbian, and bi-sexual youth, and persons with sexual youth, and persons with

disabilities.disabilities.

This definition is taken from the This definition is taken from the American Psychological AssociationAmerican Psychological Association

Traditional Bullying

Cyberbullying

Witnesses usually limited to those who are actually there.

In front of the whole world.

Face-to-face with the bully.

Usually anonymous.

Adults jump in to break things up.

Lack of supervision in cyber space.

Once home the victim is safe.

24/7 on the internet. No escape.

Once victim walks away the bullying ends.

Lack of Closure.

Cyberbullying examples…Cyberbullying examples… Sending mean texts, e-mails, or instant messages Posting offensive pictures or messages about others in blogs or on Web sites Using someone else's user name to spread rumors or lies about someone Sending repeated notes Forwarding supposedly private messages, pictures or videos to others Threatening or harassing others with offensive languageCyberbullying is more difficult to detect and victimization is ongoing!

Cyberbullying: Call To Cyberbullying: Call To ActionAction

““Students need to have a better understanding of Students need to have a better understanding of family, school and legal limits on online family, school and legal limits on online

speech, negative influences of online speech, negative influences of online behavior and Internet privacy protection.behavior and Internet privacy protection.””

-Nancy Willard, -Nancy Willard, EducatorEducator’’s Guide to Cyberbullyings Guide to Cyberbullying

Bullying:Racial/Ethnic Bullying:Racial/Ethnic HarassmentHarassment

•Jokes with racial or ethnic targets

•Exclusion because of culture /ethnicity

•Racial or ethnic slurs•Insults

•Public humiliation•Destroying property because of race or culture

•Physical or verbal attacks because of race or culture

Mild Severe

Bullying defined . . . .Bullying defined . . . .

A student who is the target of A student who is the target of repeated repeated negative actions by a peer or group of negative actions by a peer or group of peers.peers.

An imbalance of power (Bully perceives An imbalance of power (Bully perceives self as smarter, stronger, prettier, cooler) .self as smarter, stronger, prettier, cooler) .

Characterized by unequal levels of affect. Characterized by unequal levels of affect. The bully typically in control (calm & cool), The bully typically in control (calm & cool), and victim overly emotional (highly and victim overly emotional (highly anxious, crying, tantruming)anxious, crying, tantruming)

Between students who are not friends or Between students who are not friends or play together.play together.

Friendly Teasing Hurtful TeasingEqual power, familiarity, between friends

Imbalance of power, not friends

Neutral topic Sensitive topic

Purpose is to be playful Purpose is to upset the recipient

Intent is to include in the group Intent is to exclude from the group

Funny, recipient’s reaction is positive

Sarcasm, recipient’s reaction is negative

Important Reminders:

•The target of the teasing decides if the teasing was friendly or hurtful

•The teaser often wrongly justifies the tease with “it was just a joke” “I’m only kidding”

•Sarcasm is not a fun form of teasing it is often received as hurtful.

Definition of BullyingDefinition of Bullying

Bullying occurs when an individual or Bullying occurs when an individual or group, while at school, intentionally group, while at school, intentionally assaults, batters, threatens, harasses, assaults, batters, threatens, harasses, stalks, menaces, intimidates, extorts, stalks, menaces, intimidates, extorts, humiliates, taunts, shuns or maliciously humiliates, taunts, shuns or maliciously spreads rumors about others or spreads rumors about others or participates in the organizing of others to participates in the organizing of others to engage in any of the aforementioned.engage in any of the aforementioned.

Sign the Resolution of RespectSign the Resolution of Respect

STEP ONESTEP ONE

We pledge, from this day forward, to do our best to combat We pledge, from this day forward, to do our best to combat prejudice and to stop those who violate the civil rights of prejudice and to stop those who violate the civil rights of others. We will seek to understand those who are different. others. We will seek to understand those who are different. We believe that one person can make a difference and that no We believe that one person can make a difference and that no person should stand by when it comes to opposing hate. We person should stand by when it comes to opposing hate. We will speak out against prejudice and discrimination. We will will speak out against prejudice and discrimination. We will reach out to those who are victims of hate. We know that we reach out to those who are victims of hate. We know that we must all promote harmony, equality and respect. By signing must all promote harmony, equality and respect. By signing the pledge, we commit ourselves to creating a community that the pledge, we commit ourselves to creating a community that is No Place for Hate®.is No Place for Hate®.

Resolution of RespectResolution of Respect

Working TogetherWorking Together….….

……We Can Build a We Can Build a Community of RespectCommunity of Respect

Bullying Bullying In SchoolsIn Schools

Mary CulinMary Culin

Learning Supports Coordinator Learning Supports Coordinator andand

TUSD Department of Student EquityTUSD Department of Student Equity

ObjectivesObjectives

To raise awareness and increase To raise awareness and increase understanding about the impact of understanding about the impact of bullyingbullying To provide comprehensive To provide comprehensive prevention strategies to address prevention strategies to address the victim, bully and bystanderthe victim, bully and bystander

Aligns with ADE Aligns with ADE ““Standards Standards and Rubrics for School and Rubrics for School

ImprovementImprovement””

Bullying prevention addresses Bullying prevention addresses Standard Four:Standard Four: School Culture, School Culture,

Climate and CommunicationClimate and Communication

TUSD Post-Unitary TUSD Post-Unitary Status PlanStatus Plan

TUSD Department of Student TUSD Department of Student Equity will provide professional Equity will provide professional

development support and development support and training to schools regarding training to schools regarding

bullying, so that school bullying, so that school personnel are able to identify personnel are able to identify and minimize bullying among and minimize bullying among

students.students.

Restorative Practices to Address Restorative Practices to Address Bullying Prevention Aligns with Bullying Prevention Aligns with TUSD Post-Unitary Status PlanTUSD Post-Unitary Status Plan

Goal is to implement a school-wide Goal is to implement a school-wide restorative restorative culture and climate culture and climate that convey respect, support, and a that convey respect, support, and a sense of belongingsense of belonging

Build relationships, hold students Build relationships, hold students accountable and repair harmaccountable and repair harm

TUSD Bullying Prohibition and TUSD Bullying Prohibition and Prevention PolicyPrevention Policy

Aligns with Arizona anti-bullying lawAligns with Arizona anti-bullying law

Definition: The repeated intimidation Definition: The repeated intimidation of students by the real or threatened of students by the real or threatened infliction of physical, verbal, written, infliction of physical, verbal, written, electronically transmitted, or electronically transmitted, or emotional abuse, or through acts on emotional abuse, or through acts on the property of anotherthe property of another

Harassment?Harassment?Intimidation?Intimidation?Lack of Lack of Respect?Respect?

Bullying is a form of violence Bullying is a form of violence in our schools today that is in our schools today that is widespread and increasing.widespread and increasing.

What is Bullying?

Definition: Bullying occurs Definition: Bullying occurs when a when a ““person is exposed person is exposed repeatedly and over time, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the to negative actions on the part of one or more part of one or more persons,persons,”” and involves an and involves an imbalance of power imbalance of power between the bully and the between the bully and the victim.victim. - Olweus. Blueprints for

Violence Prevention, Book Nine: Bullying Prevention Program.

Impact of BullyingImpact of Bullying

• 1 out of 4 students reports 1 out of 4 students reports being bulliedbeing bullied• Bullying occurs once every 7 Bullying occurs once every 7 minutesminutes• 1 out of 5 students report 1 out of 5 students report avoiding the bathroom at avoiding the bathroom at school because they fear being school because they fear being bulliedbullied• 10% of students dropout due to 10% of students dropout due to repeated bullyingrepeated bullying

U.S. Dept. of Justice & National Assoc. of School U.S. Dept. of Justice & National Assoc. of School PsychologistsPsychologists

• • 60%60% of those boys identified as bullies of those boys identified as bullies have a criminal record by the time they are have a criminal record by the time they are 24 years old.24 years old.• • Interpersonal violence is the second Interpersonal violence is the second leading cause of death leading cause of death ages 15 to 24ages 15 to 24..• • In extreme cases, In extreme cases, ““bullyingbullying”” has been has been named as the cause of both student suicide named as the cause of both student suicide and student homicide.and student homicide.• • 3% increase in bullying3% increase in bullying, despite a , despite a decrease in assaults, thefts, and other decrease in assaults, thefts, and other crimes at school.crimes at school. Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and PreventionSource: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • • 160,000 students160,000 students missed school each missed school each day due to fear of bullying. day due to fear of bullying. SSource: US Department of Justice andource: US Department of Justice and National School Association of School National School Association of School PsychologistsPsychologists

Understanding the Problem

TUSD Bullying Statistics TUSD Bullying Statistics School Year 2010-2011 School Year 2010-2011

Incidents Documented in Incidents Documented in Mojave:Mojave:• High SchoolHigh School 63 63 • Middle SchoolMiddle School 166166• ElementaryElementary 25 25

 Normal Conflict

 Versus

 Bullying

 Equal power; friends vs. Imbalance of power; not

friendsHappens occasionally vs. Repeated negative

actionsAccidental vs. Purposeful

 Not serious vs.

Serious—threat of physical harm or emotional or psychological hurtEqual emotional reaction vs. Strong emotional reaction on part of the victim

Not seeking power or attention

 vs. Seeking power, control

Not trying to get something vs. Trying to gain material things or power

Remorse—takes responsibility

 vs. No remorse—blames victim

Effort to solve problem vs. No effort to solve problem

Marla Bonds, Psy.D, Sally Stoker M.SW, Bully Proofing Your School,Pg 104

““The In CrowdThe In Crowd”” With John StosselWith John Stossel20/20 Exclusive on 20/20 Exclusive on

BullyingBullying

CHARACTERISTICS OF A BULLYCHARACTERISTICS OF A BULLY

Arrogance rather than confidenceArrogance rather than confidenceEgo Problem rather than healthy Ego Problem rather than healthy

self-esteemself-esteemEntitlement rather than Entitlement rather than

achievementachievementLacks EmpathyLacks Empathy

Dynamics of BullyingDynamics of BullyingWho is Hurt?Who is Hurt?

Victim?Victim? Bully?Bully? Bystander?Bystander?

VICTIMSVICTIMS

Fear of being bullied may lead Fear of being bullied may lead to absenteeism, truancy or to absenteeism, truancy or dropping outdropping out

Grades sufferGrades sufferDecreased self-esteem Decreased self-esteem As adults, victims are hesitant As adults, victims are hesitant

to take risksto take risksViolence against self or othersViolence against self or others

Types of VictimsTypes of Victims

ProvocativeProvocative

PassivePassive

VicariousVicarious

Strategies for Strategies for BystandersBystanders

• Refuse to join.Refuse to join.• Walk away when bullies are acting Walk away when bullies are acting up. up. • Distract the bully so he or she Distract the bully so he or she stops the bullying behavior.stops the bullying behavior.• Report any bullying you see.Report any bullying you see.• Speak out.Speak out.• Stand beside the bullyStand beside the bully’’s target.s target.• Work with others to reduce Work with others to reduce bullying. bullying.

BULLIESBULLIES

At-risk for At-risk for long-term negativelong-term negative outcomesoutcomes

Attend school less frequentlyAttend school less frequently and are and are more like to drop outmore like to drop out

May be a sign of the development of May be a sign of the development of violent tendenciesviolent tendencies, delinquency and , delinquency and criminal behaviorcriminal behavior

Increased risk of Increased risk of substance abusesubstance abuseLack of respectLack of respect for law and authority for law and authority

BYSTANDERSBYSTANDERSWho are They?Who are They? 85% of students are bystanders-85% of students are bystanders-

neither the victim nor the bullyneither the victim nor the bully Power to stop bullying lies with the Power to stop bullying lies with the

bystandersbystanders May feel guilty or helpless for not May feel guilty or helpless for not

standing up to the bully on behalf standing up to the bully on behalf of the victimof the victim

Fear reporting bullying incidents Fear reporting bullying incidents because the donbecause the don’’t want to be called t want to be called a a ““snitchsnitch””

May feel unsafe, unable to take May feel unsafe, unable to take action or feel a loss of controlaction or feel a loss of control

Using A Comprehensive Using A Comprehensive Approach to Reduce and Prevent Approach to Reduce and Prevent

BullyingBullying • Main focus on changing school Main focus on changing school climate that reflects climate that reflects RESPECTRESPECT• Teach skills and strategies to avoid Teach skills and strategies to avoid victimizationvictimization• Teach skills to enable the Teach skills to enable the ““silent silent majoritymajority”” to become the to become the ““caring caring majoritymajority””• Address the bullying on all levels—Address the bullying on all levels—administrators, teachers, staff, administrators, teachers, staff, students, parents, and communitystudents, parents, and community

A comprehensive schoolwide A comprehensive schoolwide approach involves 6 approach involves 6

components.components.

Staff TrainingStaff TrainingStudent InstructionStudent InstructionSupport For VictimsSupport For Victims Intervention With the BulliesIntervention With the BulliesParent SupportParent SupportDeveloping the Caring CommunityDeveloping the Caring Community

STRATEGIES FOR STRATEGIES FOR ADMINISTRATORSADMINISTRATORS

Use Restorative Practices to address Use Restorative Practices to address bullying behavior (hold students bullying behavior (hold students accountable and provide opportunity to accountable and provide opportunity to make things right)make things right)

Promote a school-wide commitment to Promote a school-wide commitment to non-tolerance for bullyingnon-tolerance for bullying

Develop school-wide policies and Develop school-wide policies and proceduresprocedures

Commit the necessary resources to the Commit the necessary resources to the projectproject

Strategies for Strategies for TeachersTeachers

• Be aware of the extent of bullying and Be aware of the extent of bullying and become involved in changing the become involved in changing the situationsituation• Send a clear message that bullying Send a clear message that bullying will not be toleratedwill not be tolerated• Establish and maintain a classroom in Establish and maintain a classroom in which all students feel which all students feel respectedrespected and and valuedvalued• Intervene individually with bullies and Intervene individually with bullies and victims, if you see a situation: stop it.victims, if you see a situation: stop it.

Strategies for Strategies for TeachersTeachers(continued)(continued)

• Listen sympathetically to students Listen sympathetically to students who need support when they are who need support when they are victims of bullying.victims of bullying.• Discuss and teach students social Discuss and teach students social skills necessary to avoid becoming skills necessary to avoid becoming victims of bullies (assertiveness, victims of bullies (assertiveness, problem solving and HA HA SO problem solving and HA HA SO strategies). strategies).

HA HA SO StrategiesHHelp:

Seek assistance from an adult, friend, or peer when a potentially threatening situation arises. Seek help also if other strategies aren’t working.

Brainstorm all sources of help at your school—counselors, teachers, administratorsStress the different ways to get help—anonymously, in a group, hotline

AAssert Yourself:

Make assertive statements to the bully addressing your feelings about the bully’s behavior.

•Should not be used with severe bullying.•Not as effective with group bullying.

Victim should look bully straight in the eye.Use “I” statements. Example: “I don’t like it when you pull on my backpack. Stop it.”Make assertive statement and walk away. Example: “Stop talking about me behind my back.”

HHumor:

Use humor to de-escalate a situation. Use humor in a positive way.Make the joke about what the bully said, not about the bully.Make humorous statement and then leave the situation.Example: When insulted about hairstyle, say “Gee I didn’t know you cared enough to notice.”A

Avoid:

Walk away or avoid certain places in order to avoid a bullying situation.

Best for situations when victim is alone.Avoid places where the bully hangs out.Join with others rather than be alone.

SSelf-talk:

Use positive self-talk to maintain positive self-esteem during a bullying situation.

Use as a means to keep feeling good about self.Think positive statements about self and accomplishments.Rehearse mental statements to avoid being hooked by the bully. Examples: “It’s his problem,” “She doesn’t know what she’s talking about.” “I know I’m smart.”

OOwn It:

“Own” the put-down or belittling comment in order to diffuse it.

Agree with the bully and leave the situation.Combine with humor strategies such as, “Yeah, this IS a bad haircut. The lawn mower got out of control.” Combine with assertive strategies such as, “Yes I did fail the test and I don’t appreciate you looking at my paper.”

Important Reminders:

1. Practice these strategies in any order, in any combination, or numerous times.2. The Caring Majority can remind each other of the strategies.3. The Caring Majority can help support the victim in using the strategies.4. If the strategies aren’t working, leave or disengage from the situation.

Strategies to Use with BulliesStrategies to Use with Bullies

Use a no-nonsense style. De direct.Use a no-nonsense style. De direct. Give brief, clear descriptions of Give brief, clear descriptions of

unacceptable behavior and consequences.unacceptable behavior and consequences. Do not have a long discussion of the Do not have a long discussion of the

situation.situation. Help the bully to identify the victimHelp the bully to identify the victim’’s s

emotions and build empathy for the victim.emotions and build empathy for the victim. Re-channel power in a positive direction—Re-channel power in a positive direction—

do not try to suppress. do not try to suppress. Se the culture for your school through the Se the culture for your school through the

caring majority.caring majority.

Faculty Lounge Scenario-Creative Faculty Lounge Scenario-Creative Problem SolvingProblem Solving

Strategies for BystandersStrategies for BystandersDirections: Read the scenario below and Directions: Read the scenario below and discuss with others creative ways to solve the discuss with others creative ways to solve the problem. Talk about problem. Talk about lowlow, , mediummedium, and , and highhigh risk solutions.risk solutions.

Scenario: Scenario: YouYou’’re in the faculty lounge eating re in the faculty lounge eating lunch. You overhear a staff member at lunch. You overhear a staff member at another table making negative and sarcastic another table making negative and sarcastic statements about a colleague who is not in statements about a colleague who is not in the room. This has been happening the room. This has been happening periodically since the first of the year. Youperiodically since the first of the year. You’’re re worried that the statements he/she is making worried that the statements he/she is making are starting to circulate throughout the are starting to circulate throughout the building, and you have noticed that this kind building, and you have noticed that this kind of negative talk is spreading.of negative talk is spreading.

Developing a Caring Developing a Caring CommunityCommunity

Strategies for BystandersStrategies for BystandersCC – Creative Problem Solving – Creative Problem Solving

AA – Adult Help – Adult Help

RR- Relate and Join- Relate and Join

EE- Empathy- Empathy

SS- Stand Up and Speak Out- Stand Up and Speak Out

Where is the Power to Stop Where is the Power to Stop Bullying?Bullying?

VictimsVictimsBulliesBulliesBystandersBystanders

Expectations for School SitesExpectations for School Sites

Middle and high school: 1 Staff Middle and high school: 1 Staff training before May 25, 2011training before May 25, 2011

Elementary school: 1 Staff training Elementary school: 1 Staff training before December 15, 2011before December 15, 2011

BULLYINGBULLYING

Lisa SerraoLisa Serrao

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MythMyth or or FactFact?? Bullying is just a part of growing up. The effects of bullying on Bullying is just a part of growing up. The effects of bullying on

victims are short-term and minor.victims are short-term and minor.

MYTHMYTH: : In addition to the social, emotional, and physical In addition to the social, emotional, and physical torment of the actual bullying experience, victims are also torment of the actual bullying experience, victims are also more likely than non-victims to suffer from physical illnesses, more likely than non-victims to suffer from physical illnesses, academic troubles, and enduring mental health problems. academic troubles, and enduring mental health problems.

Bullies are usually insecure loners with low self-esteem.Bullies are usually insecure loners with low self-esteem.

MYTHMYTH: : Bullies are likely to have both friends and followers Bullies are likely to have both friends and followers in fact, they tend to be rather popular in the early school in fact, they tend to be rather popular in the early school years. Research also indicates that bullies typically have years. Research also indicates that bullies typically have average or above average self-esteem and self-confidence.average or above average self-esteem and self-confidence.

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MythMyth or or FactFact?? More bullying occurs in elementary and middle school than in More bullying occurs in elementary and middle school than in

high school.high school.

FACTFACT: : Some studies indicate that bullying is most prevalent Some studies indicate that bullying is most prevalent during the elementary school years, other studies indicate that it during the elementary school years, other studies indicate that it increases and peaks during middle school. However, itincreases and peaks during middle school. However, it’’s clear s clear that bullying though certainly present in high school is more that bullying though certainly present in high school is more prevalent among younger students.prevalent among younger students.

If you tell someone about being bullied, it will just make it worse.If you tell someone about being bullied, it will just make it worse.

MYTHMYTH:: Research shows that bullying will stop when adults in Research shows that bullying will stop when adults in authority and peers get involved.authority and peers get involved.

Bullying is done by both boys and girls.Bullying is done by both boys and girls.

FACTFACT: : Both boys and girls bully, just in different ways. Male Both boys and girls bully, just in different ways. Male bullies are more likely than female bullies to engage in physical bullies are more likely than female bullies to engage in physical bullying; female bullies typically use verbal and emotional bullying; female bullies typically use verbal and emotional tactics.tactics.8888

What is Bullying?What is Bullying?

Bullying is when someone repeatedly Bullying is when someone repeatedly and on purpose says or does mean or and on purpose says or does mean or hurtful things to another person who hurtful things to another person who has a hard time defending himself or has a hard time defending himself or herself.herself.

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Types of Bullying Types of Bullying

PhysicalPhysical: Acts that hurt others: Acts that hurt others

physicallyphysically

VerbalVerbal: Use of words to hurt and: Use of words to hurt and

humiliate othershumiliate others

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Types of BullyingTypes of Bullying

SocialSocial: Actions that exclude others or: Actions that exclude others or

cause damage to theircause damage to their

reputationsreputations

CyberbullyingCyberbullying: Using computers, the: Using computers, the

Internet, mobile phones,Internet, mobile phones,

etc. to bully othersetc. to bully others

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How to Tell If You Bully How to Tell If You Bully Others… Others…

There's a boy or a girl (or maybe more than one) There's a boy or a girl (or maybe more than one) whom you've repeatedly shoved, or punched or whom you've repeatedly shoved, or punched or physically pushed around in a mean way just physically pushed around in a mean way just because you felt like it.because you felt like it.

You had someone else hurt someone you don't You had someone else hurt someone you don't like.like.

You've spread a nasty rumor about someone.You've spread a nasty rumor about someone.

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How to Tell If You Bully How to Tell If You Bully Others…Others…

You and your friends have regularly kept one or You and your friends have regularly kept one or more kids from hanging out or playing with you.more kids from hanging out or playing with you.

You've teased people in a mean way.You've teased people in a mean way.

You've been part of a group that did any of these You've been part of a group that did any of these things.things.

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How Bullying HurtsHow Bullying Hurts

It can mess up a kid's futureIt can mess up a kid's future.. Young people Young people who bully are more likely than those who don't bully to who bully are more likely than those who don't bully to skip school and drop out of school.skip school and drop out of school.

It scares some people so much that they It scares some people so much that they skip school. skip school. As many as 160,000 students may stay As many as 160,000 students may stay home on any given day.home on any given day.

It can lead to huge problems later in life. It can lead to huge problems later in life. Children who bully are more likely to get into fights, Children who bully are more likely to get into fights, vandalize property, and drop out of school.vandalize property, and drop out of school.

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What You Can Do About What You Can Do About Bullying…Bullying…

If you are a BYSTANDERIf you are a BYSTANDER

→ Report the bullying to an adultReport the bullying to an adult→ Support someone who is being bulliedSupport someone who is being bullied→ Stand up to the person doing the bullyingStand up to the person doing the bullying→ DonDon’’t join int join in→ DonDon’’t try to fight the bullyt try to fight the bully

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What You Can Do About What You Can Do About Bullying…Bullying…

If you are a VICTIMIf you are a VICTIM

→ Always tell an adultAlways tell an adult→ Stay in a groupStay in a group→ If it feels safe, try to stand up to the person If it feels safe, try to stand up to the person

who is bullying youwho is bullying you→ If you are being bullied on-line, don't replyIf you are being bullied on-line, don't reply→ Join clubs or take part in activities where Join clubs or take part in activities where

you'll meet other kids.you'll meet other kids.→ DonDon’’t think itt think it’’s your faults your fault

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What You Can Do About What You Can Do About Bullying…Bullying…

If you are a BULLYIf you are a BULLY

→ Think about what you're doing ... and how it Think about what you're doing ... and how it affects others.affects others.

o put yourself in their shoesput yourself in their shoeso think about how it must make them feelthink about how it must make them feelo and just don't do itand just don't do it

→ Talk to an adultTalk to an adult

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Stop Bullying NowStop Bullying Now

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“K.B.’s First Day”

Stop Bullying NowStop Bullying Now

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“K.B.’s Day”

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

How would you have felt if you were K.B. and this had been How would you have felt if you were K.B. and this had been your first day of school?your first day of school?

When K.B. went to the wrong classroom and bumped into When K.B. went to the wrong classroom and bumped into Cassandra on the way out and Cassandra called her a Cassandra on the way out and Cassandra called her a freak. What are some ways K.B. could have handled freak. What are some ways K.B. could have handled Cassandra's rude comments?Cassandra's rude comments?

At lunch time when Cassandra made K.B. sit in ketchup one At lunch time when Cassandra made K.B. sit in ketchup one of the girls, Melanie didnof the girls, Melanie didn’’t seem to think this was funny. t seem to think this was funny. What could Melanie have done to help K.B. in this situation?What could Melanie have done to help K.B. in this situation?

When K.B. went to the library two of the girls took a picture When K.B. went to the library two of the girls took a picture of the ketchup stain on her pants and posted it on the of the ketchup stain on her pants and posted it on the computer for everyone to see. What type of bullying is computer for everyone to see. What type of bullying is this? this?

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

Do you think that this type of bullying was more Do you think that this type of bullying was more hurtful, less hurtful, or just as hurtful as the other hurtful, less hurtful, or just as hurtful as the other types of bullying that happened to K.B. that day? types of bullying that happened to K.B. that day? Why?Why?

When K.B.When K.B.’’s mom asked her how her first day of s mom asked her how her first day of school was she told her it was great and didnschool was she told her it was great and didn’’t tell her t tell her about being bullied. Why should K.B. have told her about being bullied. Why should K.B. have told her mom about what had happened? How could her mom mom about what had happened? How could her mom have helped her?have helped her?

Who else could K.B. have gone to for help?Who else could K.B. have gone to for help?

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What Have You Learned About

Bullying?

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ReferencesReferencesBullying.org. (2003). Bullying basics. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from Bullying.org. (2003). Bullying basics. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from

http://www.bullying.org/public/frameset.cfm..

Bullying.org. (2003). Bullying information. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from Bullying.org. (2003). Bullying information. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from http://www.bullying.org/external/documents/Bullying_Information.pdf..

Bullying.org (2003). Bullying myths and facts. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from Bullying.org (2003). Bullying myths and facts. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from http://www.bullying.org/external/documents/Bullying.org_Bullying_Myths-Facts%20Pamphlet.pdf..

Hazeldon Foundation (2007). What is bullying?. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from Hazeldon Foundation (2007). What is bullying?. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from http://www.hazelden.org/web/go/olweusparent..

Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Are you being bullied?. Retrieved Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Are you being bullied?. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from November 25, 2007 from http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?area=areyou..

Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.).Do you bully others?. Retrieved Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.).Do you bully others?. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from November 25, 2007 from http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?area=others..

Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Do you witness bullying? Are you a Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Do you witness bullying? Are you a bystander?. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from bystander?. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?area=witness..103103

ReferencesReferencesHealth Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Effects of bullying. Retrieved Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Effects of bullying. Retrieved

November 25, 2007 from November 25, 2007 from http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?area=effects..

Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Signs that you bully others. Retrieved Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Signs that you bully others. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from November 25, 2007 from http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?area=signs..

Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Questions for Stop Bullying Now! Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Questions for Stop Bullying Now! Webisodes. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from Webisodes. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/PDFs/Webisode_Questions.pdf. . 

Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Webisodes (1&5). Retrieved Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Webisodes (1&5). Retrieved November 25, 2007 from November 25, 2007 from http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?Area=webisodes&webisodes..

Smokowski, P. R. & Kopasz, K. H. (2005). Bullying in school: An overview of types, effects, Smokowski, P. R. & Kopasz, K. H. (2005). Bullying in school: An overview of types, effects, family characteristics, and intervention strategies. family characteristics, and intervention strategies. Children & Schools 27Children & Schools 27(2), 101-110. (2), 101-110. Retrieved October 26, 2007, from EBSCOhost.Retrieved October 26, 2007, from EBSCOhost.

U.S. Department of Education. (2007). Bullying quiz. U.S. Department of Education. (2007). Bullying quiz. Exploring the Nature and Prevention of Exploring the Nature and Prevention of Bullying. Bullying. Retrieved November 23, 2007 from Retrieved November 23, 2007 from http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/training/bullying/bullying_pg7.html#quiz..

Whitted, K. S. & Dupper, D. R. (2005). Best practices for preventing or reducing bullying in Whitted, K. S. & Dupper, D. R. (2005). Best practices for preventing or reducing bullying in schools. schools. Children & Schools, 27Children & Schools, 27(3), 167-175. Retrieved October 26, 2007, from(3), 167-175. Retrieved October 26, 2007, from

EBSCOhost.EBSCOhost.

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