Engineering of

RiverUndergroundLyn Albi

Ariza Julian Hakim

IvanDwi

Prabowo

Tatag TataMahardika

SaifuddinMuhammad

FavianGiffaryRamadian

Most of the rain that arrived to the ground will go into the ground

(infiltration). The other part is the excess will fill a dent

surfacesoil, then flows into the lower regions, into the rivers and

eventually the sea.

Not all items will arrive the water flowing into the sea, on the way to some will evaporate sea and

back into the air.

Most of the water that goes into the ground out back immediately to the river (called interflow).

But some great will be stored as groundwater which will come out little by little in the long term to

the ground in areas of low (called groundwater runoff).

Groundwater is one of the components in the circulation of water on Earth are known as the hydrological cycle. Thus groundwater is one of the natural resources can be renewed, but this does not mean that this resource can be exploited indefinitely.

The development of groundwater resources should be based on the concept preservation, that is optimally utilize groundwater, preventing wastage by keep the scale of priority use and preserve nature.

is a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground

surface

Sub-terrainean

River

Underground =

Commonly found in Karst

Topography

has differences

characteristicwith other

groundwater

Aquifer

ConfinedUnconfined

is a river that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground

surface

Sub-terrainean

River

Underground =

Commonly found in Karst

Topography

has differences

characteristicwith other

groundwater

Aquifer

ConfinedUnconfined

Conduit flow Diffuse flow

Survey &ExplorationTechnic

Challenge:is it

Unconfined Aquifer

orConfined Aquifer?

Unconfined Aquifera simple survey that can

be done is to make flownet or

groundwater contour map which

can then be searched groundwater basin

boundary

and by using the tracking method of

tracing (Tracer test) either with a solution or

radioactive.

Survey &ExplorationTechnic

Challenge:is it

Unconfined Aquifer

orConfined Aquifer?

Confined AquiferMaking the groundwater basin

boundary is still possible defined using contour

mapping and groundwater flow

tracer test is difficult because of the long waiting

time. In this condition the possible tracer test used is

the isotope method.

Use of technology Remote Sensing (RS) with rock (GIS)

for investigation including the karst groundwater aquifer will provide an effective mapping

of the appearance on the earth's surface that is

conducive to the distribution and the potential for

groundwater on a region.

Tracing testGeophysics

Tracing testThis technique simply enter or put something in the water flow in the swallow hole or river that will go into the cave, or sinkhole and then block or pick up at a location that is expected to have a relationship with our starting point pour tracer earlier.

If tracer which we pour “caught" physically or by means of another measure that can be ascertained that there is a relationship between a first point we pour tracer with the second point where we intercept the tracer.

Methods

Tracing testGeophysics

Tracing testMaterial: tracking tracers, chemical & colorant (dye), and radioactive To identify areas capture and output on a karst aquifer system, tracer must have the conditions such as the following :

• Non-toxic• Late in the water • Can be done with amounts not too much• Resistant (not alter the chemical reactions water)• There can be absorbed by rocks• Not affected by ion exchange reaction• Cheap• Easy analyzed

Methods

Tracing testGeophysics

GeophysicsThis geophysical method requires vertical and horizontal variations of nature physical properties of rocks below the earth's surface. If there is a lack (discontinuities) physical properties of rock layering, logically, there must be differences in geology.

Geophysical methods the most often used to evaluate the hydrological conditions karst aquifer is resistivity method.

Methods

Tracing testGeophysics

GeophysicsThis method has the principle that an electric current flowed down Earth's surface will be affected by the type of rock resistivity value that varies according to the rock pores, including the nature and characteristics that exist in karst aquifers.

This method can distinguish their compact carbonate rocks, which is saturated with water, or not. It can not be denied that this method misses sometimes to be able to precision specifies the location containing karst groundwater in sufficient quantities.

Methods

Tracing testGeophysics

GeophysicsFurthermore, Loke (2000) describes the technique of inverse two-dimensional imaging can be used to determine the presence and the possibility of the presence of karst caves water resources.

Methods

Tracing testGeophysics

GeophysicsJust from now there is many other geophysical methods that can be used to evaluate the potential of hydrology in karst aquifers

Methods

Survey &ExplorationTechnic

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