underground railroad escaping slavery. essential questions why would people put themselves at risk...
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Underground Railroad
Escaping Slavery
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Essential Questions
• Why would people put themselves at risk to help others?
• When is it alright to challenge established laws?
• How could you go about changing a law or policy you thought was wrong or immoral?
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• Network of escape routes slaves followed to freedom in the North or Canada.
• The fugitive slaves were helped by whites, free African Americans and other fugitive slaves.
• The Underground Railroad was NOT under the ground and there were NO trains.
Underground Railroad
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Abolitionists
• The abolitionists that helped guide slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad were often called “conductors”.
• Some of these “conductors”
were Harriet Tubman,
Frederick Douglass,
William Lloyd Garrison
and William Still.
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Reaching Freedom
• In earlier years slaves were safe once they reached a northern (free) state.
• After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, slaves had to leave the U.S. and go to Canada to avoid being captured and returned to slavery.
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Finding Their Way– Fugitive slaves usually had to travel at night to avoid being seen.- They would use the North Star and Big Dipper to guide them toward the North.- The fugitive slaves sung songs like “Follow the Drinking Gourd”, which gave them clues about how to find their way north.
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Safe houses• During the day, escaping slaves would
hide out in safe houses owned by abolitionists.
• The fugitives would be able to rest and be given food before continuing their journey.
• The abolitionists risked going to prison or paying fines for helping fugitive slaves.
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Harriet Tubman• Tubman is the most well-known
conductor of the Underground Railroad.
• Born a slave in Maryland around 1820, she escaped in 1849.
• She returned to the South 19 times to help over 300 slaves escape to freedom.
• A reward of $40,000 was offered for her capture.
• During the Civil War she worked as a Union cook, nurse and spy.
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How much does freedom mean to you?
Enduring Understandings:• People have an innatedesire and a responsibilityto challenge laws, policies and conditionsin society that they thinkare immoral.• Freedom is a basic rightof all people.