UNDERGRADUATE THESIS HANDBOOK

Editorial Team:

Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, S.Pi., M.Si.

A. Shofy Mubarak, S.Pi., M.Si.

Prof. Dr. Drh. Hj. Sri Subekti B. S., DEA.

Ir. H. Muhammad Arief, M.Kes.

Ir. Agustono, M.Kes.

Ir. Wahju Tjahjaningsih, M.Si.

Rr. Juni Triastuti, S.PL, M.Si.

Ir. Woro Hastuti Satyantini, M.Si.

FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SURABAYA

ii

PREFACE

Praise to Allah SWT, over the abundance of His grace and guidance, so

that the preparation of UNDERGRADUATE THESIS HANDBOOK can be

resolved. This book is very necessary for Students and Supervisors to assist the

planning, proposal, implementation and reporting of research results

(Undergraduate Thesis) by students. Preparation of this book is intended for

uniformity in the format and way of writing and preparation of Research Proposal,

Thesis and Scientific Articles Thesis and organize and guide the process of

conducting Research and Seminar by Students Faculty of Fisheries and Marine

Universitas Airlangga Surabaya.

We extend our gratitude to all those who have provided assistance, both

morally and materially to the completion of the preparation of this manual. We are

also fully aware that this book is still not perfect, so it is possible to do perfection

in the future. We are deeply grateful to all parties for their input and suggestions

that can improve the perfection of this manual. Finally, hopefully this handbook

useful and meet the expectations of Students and Supervisors in improving

teaching and learning process at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas

Airlangga, Surabaya.

Surabaya, 22nd

May 2009

Editorial Team

iii

TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE ............................................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... iii

GUIDANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE THESIS WRITING .................... 1

I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 2

II. PROVISION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE

THESIS, AND SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE WRITING .................................. 4

2.1. GENERAL PROVISION ............................................................................ 4

2.1.2. TYPING ................................................................................................ 4

2.1.3. PAGE NUMBER .................................................................................. 5

2.1.4. ILLUSTRATION.................................................................................. 5

2.1.5. WORD SEPARATION ........................................................................ 6

2.2. SPECIFIC PROVISION ............................................................................. 6

2.2.1. EARLY SECTION ............................................................................... 6

A. COVER ................................................................................................... 7

B. TITLE PAGE .......................................................................................... 7

C. AUTHORIZATION PAGE .................................................................... 7

D. APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................ 7

E. ABSTRACT ........................................................................................... 8

F. SUMMARY............................................................................................ 8

G. PREFACE ............................................................................................... 8

H. TABLE OF CONTENT.......................................................................... 8

I. LIST OF TABLE .................................................................................... 9

J. LIST OF FIGURE .................................................................................. 9

K. LIST OF APPENDIX ........................................................................... 10

iv

2.2.2. CONTENT SECTION ........................................................................ 10

A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 10

B. LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................... 10

C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES .................... 11

D. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 11

E. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................................. 11

F. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................................. 12

2.2.3. END SECTION .................................................................................. 12

A. REFERENCES ..................................................................................... 12

B. APPENDIX .......................................................................................... 12

III. THE PROCEDURE OF WRITING THE CONTENTS ON RESEARCH

PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE THESIS, AND SCIENTIFIC

ARTICLE .................................................................................................. 14

3.1. NUMBER AND ABBREVIATION ......................................................... 14

3.2. ITALIC ...................................................................................................... 15

3.3. SYMMETRY ............................................................................................ 15

3.4. TITLE ........................................................................................................ 15

3.5. CAPITAL .................................................................................................. 15

3.6. WORD SEPARATION ............................................................................. 16

3.7. CONSISTENCY ....................................................................................... 16

3.8. TABLE AND FIGURE ............................................................................. 16

3.9. USING OF TERM .................................................................................... 17

3.9.1. GRAMMAR AND SPELLING .......................................................... 17

3.9.2. ENGLISH ........................................................................................... 17

3.10. PARAGRAPH .......................................................................................... 17

3.11. CITATION ................................................................................................ 18

v

3.12. REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 20

3.13. FOOTNOTE .............................................................................................. 21

3.14. APPENDIX ............................................................................................... 21

3.15. MAP AND SKETCH ................................................................................ 21

GUIDANCE OF DRAFTING UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ........................... 22

IV. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING RESEARCH PROPOSAL ........... 23

4.1. TITLE ........................................................................................................ 23

4.2. AUTHORIZATION .................................................................................. 23

4.3. CONTENT OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL ............................................... 23

4.3.1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 23

A. TITLE ................................................................................................... 23

B. BACKGROUND .................................................................................. 24

C. PROBLEM ........................................................................................... 24

D. AIMS .................................................................................................... 24

E. BENEFITS............................................................................................ 24

4.3.2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 25

4.3.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES ................... 25

4.3.4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 25

A. PLACE AND TIME ............................................................................. 25

B. RESEARCH TOPIC ............................................................................. 26

C. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................... 26

a. RESEARCH DESIGN .......................................................................... 26

b. PROCEDURE ...................................................................................... 26

c. PARAMETER ...................................................................................... 26

d. DATA ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 27

D. RESEARCH SCHEDULE ................................................................... 27

vi

4.4. REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 27

4.5. APPENDIX ............................................................................................... 27

V. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ... 28

5.1. EARLY SECTION ................................................................................... 28

5.1.1. TITLE ................................................................................................. 28

5.1.2. AUTHORIZATION............................................................................ 28

5.1.3. APPROVAL ....................................................................................... 28

5.1.4. ABSTRACT........................................................................................ 28

5.1.5. SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 29

5.1.6. PREFACE ........................................................................................... 29

5.1.7. TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................... 29

5.1.8. LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................ 29

5.1.9. LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................. 29

5.1.10. APPENDIX ......................................................................................... 29

5.1.11. OTHERS ............................................................................................. 29

5.2. CONTENT SECTION .............................................................................. 30

5.2.1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 30

5.2.2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 30

5.2.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES ................... 30

5.2.4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 30

5.2.5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 30

5.2.6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................... 31

5.3. END SECTION ......................................................................................... 31

5.3.1. REFERENCES ................................................................................... 31

5.3.2. APPENDIX ......................................................................................... 32

VI. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE .............. 33

vii

6.1. TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................ 33

6.2. AUTHORIZATION .................................................................................. 33

6.3. CONTENT OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE ................................................. 33

6.3.1. TITLE ................................................................................................. 33

6.3.2. AUTHOR ............................................................................................ 33

6.3.3. ABSTRACT........................................................................................ 34

6.3.4. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 34

6.3.5. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 34

6.3.6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 34

6.3.7. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................................... 34

6.3.8. REFERENCES ................................................................................... 34

6.3.9. APPENDIX (optional) ........................................................................ 34

GUIDANCE OF

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

WRITING

2

I. INTRODUCTION

In order to finish the study and as one of requirement to take

undergraduate thesis exam in the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas

Airlangga, Surabaya, the students have to complete by writing the scientific

article. The scientific article is a literary essay based on the scientific fact which is

obtained by students from Field Work Practice (PKL) and research. The

procedure of writing and drafting the scientific article consists of writing and

drafting the proposal and report of Field Work Practice (PKL), Proposal Research

and Undergraduate Thesis as well as Scientific Article adjusted with

Undergraduate Thesis Handbook of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine,

Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya.

1. Field Work Practice (PKL) is a scientific study based on the result of

activities or implementations of the practice in the field directly on a

business unit such as activities or business in the field of fisheries and/or

marine. Field Work Practice is not a research, however, is an active

participation activities, observation and communication (interview) as well

as literature study. Although, the Field Work Practice (PKL) is not a

research, but the writing of Field Work Practice report has to be included

the analysis and discussion obtained from the activity or implementation

of Field Work Practice (PKL).

2. Undergraduate Thesis is a scientific study based on the result of research

on the unknown or known various problems or problems to be formulated

and be able to use as a basic of hypotheses formulation for further research

in the field of fisheries and/or marine. The sources which are able to use in

drafting Undergraduate Thesis are literature (bibliography) and research

both empirical (field research) and library (library research).

3. Scientific Article is scientific paper, brief writing from report of Field

Work Practice (PKL) and Undergraduate Thesis.

Several things are important and necessary to be known and conducted by the

students in the scientific writing such as:

3

1. Mastering the scientific procedures and conducting honestly and

responsibility. The students have to distinguish reality with expectation

and the principles which have accepted by unknown allegations.

2. Free of delivering fact or conclusion which is obtained

3. Consistency is uniformity of the whole writing from the beginning to the

end, a term has to have a mean and vice versa, a mean is only use a term in

its writing. The consistency also includes procedure of drafting the

literatures and others.

4. Scientific wiring has to fulfill the requirement of the use of language,

spelling and grammar that be used in Indonesian which have been

enhanced.

5. The students as author are responsible to the content and structure of

writing, both proposal and report of Field Work Practice (PKL),

Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article.

4

II. PROVISION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE

THESIS, AND SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE WRITING

2.1. GENERAL PROVISION

The general provision of writing the scientific paper both Proposal of

Research, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article consists of type of paper,

typing, page number, illustration and word separation.

2.1.1. TYPE OF PAPER

Type of paper that used to write the scientific paper is HVS size A4 with

the minimum weight 70 gram. Reduplication is conducted through clear

photocopy with same size and weight of paper. The Undergraduate Thesis cover

consists of three layers (printed hard cover), is an outer layer using buffalo paper

or heavy linen, middle layer consists of white carton and inner layer consists of

white paper. The cover of Proposal Research and Scientific Article only stapled or

printed one layer (printed soft cover) using buffalo paper or linen. The color of the

cover for Proposal Research, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article is light

blue

2.1.2. TYPING

Typing of Proposal Research, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article

is conducted using computer with Times New Roman style and font size 12. The

ink of printer has to black and clear as well as avoid of using dot matrix (draft).

The manuscript is typed by line spacing 2 (except abstract and summary), the

margin of top and left is 4 cm, while right and bottom is 3 cm. The new paragraph

writing started from sixth knock or using Tab in computer (sixth letter below).

Repeated word has to be written completely using hyphen (-). All of the typing

has to straight left and right boundary, except first new paragraph.

5

2.1.3. PAGE NUMBER

The page number in the early section using Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, and

etc.) and the calculation started from title page. The page number in the early

section typed at the bottom center and the margin is 2 cm from the bottom edge of

the paper, except title, authorization and approval page written without page

number. The page number in the content started from Introduction using Arabic

numerals (1, 2, 3, and etc.). The page number in the Chapter (both in the early and

content section) without page number, however it is still calculated, while the text

in the following page is given by serial numbers all of the page number in the

content and end of the section are typed at the right top of the paper and margin is

2 cm from the top and 3 cm from the right edge of the paper. The chapter, section,

sub-section, paragraph or sentence typed with 2 spacing from bottom of the page

number.

2.1.4. ILLUSTRATION

Illustration, such as table and figure, has to adhere at the paper which used

to Research Proposal, Undergraduate Thesis and Scientific Article as well as has

to use black clear ink, except figure can use color clear ink. The font or number in

the table and figure has to be clear and same size as the font and number that has

used, except information or cite sources of table and figure (optional) using

smaller font in the manuscript. The figure, such as flowchart, sketch, map, photo,

graphic (diagram) and etc. can be used. Duplication of figure except photo can be

conducted through clear photocopy (black or color). Duplication photo should be

as original form.

Illustrations can be adhered in the manuscript or as an appendix. In the

manuscript has to be indicated the number of table or figure and be adhered at the

page or a sheet after the page. The length of table more than one page can be

continued in the next page by providing the explanation that is written in the end

of first page using the word “continued” which is adhered in brackets, name in the

table column still remain. In the next page, in the top, should be provided the

explanation using word “advance” written in brackets (See in sub section 3.8

6

Table and Figure of the Procedure Writing of Research Proposal, Undergraduate

Thesis, and Scientific Article).

2.1.5. WORD SEPARATION

The word separation has to be conducted properly, according to spelling

and grammar of Indonesian enhanced. The foreign word and name cannot be

separated and the word separation that led to separation of the last alphabet from

basis alphabet is not allowed. The procedure of word separation in the right edge

of paper should be based on grammar and right border should be straight without

word separation (hyphen). Typing of the hyphen in the bottom of last alphabet is

not allowed. Syllable in the end of page should be disconnected.

How the separation of words on the right edge of the paper should be

according to the grammar and borders of the cultivated right as possible without

any parting words (hyphen). Typing separators under the last letter is not justified.

Syllable at the end of each page should not be disconnected. Prepositions (in, to

and from) followed by the verb or adjective should be typed triad, such as:

conducted, used, hit, to, here, than, etc., while the prepositions followed by the

word that function shows where typed separately, such as in the field, in addition,

to the field, from there, and etc.

2.2. SPECIFIC PROVISION

The specific provision consists of early section, content section and end

section.

2.2.1. EARLY SECTION

The early section consists of cover, title page, authorization page, approval

page, abstract, summary, preface, table of content, list of table, list of figure, and

list of appendix.

7

A. COVER

Cover of Research Proposal or Undergraduate Thesis as adjusted in the

general writing provision is type of paper. The edge of Undergraduate Thesis

cover is written by the student’s name, title of Undergraduate Thesis and year.

The cover contain the same as title page and printed with black ink except the

logo of Universitas Airlangga that is printed with color as adjusted on emblem of

Univeristas Airlangga, which is blue in the inside (picture of bird) and yellow in

the outside that circle it.

B. TITLE PAGE

The title page consists of title of the Undergraduate Thesis, type of

Research Proposal/ Undergraduate Thesis/ Scientific Article, Study Program,

Logo, by, student’s name, city and province of student, faculty, university and

city, typed using capital and bold. The year is typed using Arabic numeral. Each

of them is typed with 1 space. The procedure of drafting manuscript has to be

well, neat, and symmetric (See in Appendix 1, 4, and 13).

C. AUTHORIZATION PAGE

The authorization page consists of title of Research Proposal/

Undergraduate Thesis/ Scientific Article and student’s name, typed using capital,

while, the status of Undergraduate Thesis, supervisor, and chief of study program

typed with small alphabet and only the first alphabet is typed using capital. The

student ID is typed using Arabic numeral. The committee of Undergraduate

Thesis is 2 namely, the name of first supervisor is in the left and the second

supervisor in the right as well as the name of chief of study program in the center

and below both name of supervisors. The procedure of drafting manuscript has to

be well, neat, and symmetric (See in Appendix 2, 5, and 14).

D. APPROVAL PAGE

The approval page consists of status of Undergraduate Thesis, date of

exam, approval of committee, name of committee and dean, typed with small

8

alphabet as well as only the first word typed using capital. The procedure of

drafting manuscript has to be well, neat, and symmetric (See in Appendix 6).

E. ABSTRACT

The abstract word is typed using capital and bold, adhered in the center of

paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces in the below of the page number.

The student’s name, title of Undergraduate Thesis and the Supervisor’s name are

typed with 1 space and 3 space in the below of abstract. The student’s name is

typed capital and the supervisor with academic title, typed using capital for the

first alphabet.

The abstract started by new paragraph and typed 3 spacing under the title.

The abstract is typed with 1.5 spacing. The length of abstract maximum consists

of 2 pages (See in Appendix 7).

F. SUMMARY

Summary is written in English and the procedure of writing as same as the

abstract.

G. PREFACE

Preface is typed using capital and bold, adhered in the center of paper

symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces under of page number. The manuscript of

preface is started with new paragraph and is typed 3 spaces under the preface.

Name in the preface has to be equipped by the academic title and position (See in

Appendix 8)

H. TABLE OF CONTENT

Table of contents regularly and according to the page number consist of:

abstract, summary, preface, acknowledgments, list of tables, list of figures, list of

appendix, chapter titles, headings sub-chapter, title, sub-section, references and

appendix. The word of table of content is typed uppercase (capital) and bold,

placed in the middle of the paper symmetrically without dots and 2 spaces below

9

the page number. The word of page is typed on the right by a distance of 3 cm

from the right edge of the paper and 3 spaces below the word table of contents.

The arrangement of table of content is started from the left border of two

spaces below the word page and within 4 cm from the left edge of the paper. If the

total page of table of contents more than one sheet is continued on the next page.

The distance between chapters is 2 spaces, between chapters and subchapters is

1.5 spaces, inter-section is 1.5 spacing, between subchapter and sub-sub chapter is

1 space and inter-sub-section is 1 space. The title of each chapter is typed

uppercase (capital), title, section and sub-section is typed in all uppercase

beginning of the word. The end of each title is associated with the page number

using dots (See in Appendix 9).

I. LIST OF TABLE

The word of list of table is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, placed in

the middle of the paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page

number. The word of table is typed on the left with distance of 4 cm from the left

edge of the paper and 3 spaces below the word of list of table. The word of page is

typed on the right by a distance of 3 cm from the right edge of the paper and

parallel with the word of table. The distance between the titles of table is 2 spaces.

If the title of the table more than two lines, the line spacing is 1 space. The end of

each title is associated with the page number with dots (See in Appendix 10).

J. LIST OF FIGURE

The word of list of figure is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, is placed

in the middle of the paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page

number. The word of figure is typed on the left with distance of 4 cm from the left

edge of paper and 3 spaces below the word of list of figure. The word of page is

typed on the right by distance of 3 cm from the right edge of the paper and parallel

with the word of figure. The distance between figures title is 2 spaces. If the title

of the figure more than two lines, the line spacing is 1 space. The end of each title

is associated with the page number with dots. (See in Appendix 11).

10

K. LIST OF APPENDIX

The list of appendix is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, is placed in the

middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number.

The word of appendix is typed on the left with distance 4 cm from the left edge of

paper and 3 space from the below the word of list of appendix. The word of list of

appendix is typed on the right with distance 3 cm from the right edge and parallel

with the word of list of appendix. The distance between appendix’s title is 2

spaces. If the title of appendix more than two lines, the line spacing is 1 space.

The end of each title is associated with the page number with dots (See in

Appendix 12).

2.2.2. CONTENT SECTION

The content section consists of: introduction, literature review, conceptual

framework and hypotheses, methodology, result and discussion as well as

conclusion and suggestion.

A. INTRODUCTION

Introduction is written as the first chapter. The word of introduction is

typed uppercase (capital) and bold, begin using roman number without dot (I

INTRODUCTION), placed in the middle of paper symmetrically without dot and

2 spaces below the page number. The first paragraph or first sub section is typed 3

spaces below the word of introduction. The distance between the end of sentence

with sub section or next sub-sub section is 3 spaces.

B. LITERATURE REVIEW

The word of literature review is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, begin

using roman number without dot (II LITERATURE REVIEW), placed in the

middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number.

The first paragraph or first sub section is typed 3 spaces below the word of

literature review. The distance between the end of sentence with sub section or

next sub-sub section is 3 spaces.

11

The literature review has to be equipped and arranged according to

foundation and/or sciences development which is related with the current problem

that is observed in the research. The literature review consists of several parts ad

each part is adjusted to the use of the next chapter.

C. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES

The word of conceptual framework and hypotheses is typed uppercase

(capital) and bold, begin using roman number without space (III CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES), placed in the middle of paper

symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number. The conceptual

framework and hypotheses is typed as sub section, respectively. The first sub

section is conceptual framework is typed 3 spaces below the word of conceptual

framework and hypothesis. The distance between the end of sentence on the first

sub section with next sub section is 3 spaces.

D. METHODOLOGY

The word of methodology is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, begin

using roman number without space (IV METHODOLOGY), placed in the middle

of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number. The first

paragraph or the first sub section is typed 3 spaces below the word of

methodology. The distance between the end of sentence with sub section or next

sub-sub section is 3 spaces.

E. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The word of result and discussion is typed uppercase (capital) and bold,

begin using roman number without space (V RESULT AND DISCUSSION),

placed in the middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the

page number. The first paragraph or the first sub section is typed 3 spaces below

the word of result and discussion. The distance between the end of sentence with

sub section or next sub-sub section is 3 spaces. Result and discussion is an

integral part and for Undergraduate Thesis, the writing is separated between result

12

and discussion, and each of them becomes sub section (sub section of result and

sub section of discussion).

F. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

The word of conclusion and suggestion is typed uppercase (capital) and

bold, begin using roman number without space (VI CONCLUSION AND

SUGGESTION), placed in the middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2

spaces below the page number. The first paragraph or the first sub section is typed

3 spaces below the word of conclusion and suggestion. The distance between the

end of sentence with sub section or next sub-sub section is 3 spaces.

2.2.3. END SECTION

The end section from Research Proposal/ Undergraduate Thesis consists of

references and appendix.

A. REFERENCES

The word of references is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, placed in the

middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 space below the page number.

The type of references is typed starting from the left edge 3 cm below the word of

references. The distance between the types of references is 2 spaces. The writing

of second line of references is typed at sixth beat and has distance 1 space. The

example of writing the references is list in Appendix 16.

B. APPENDIX

The word of appendix is typed uppercase (capital) and bold, placed in the

middle of paper symmetrically without dot and 2 spaces below the page number.

The appendix 1 is typed 3 spaces below the word of appendix and next appendix

is typed 2 spaces below the page number.

Each appendix consists of 1 page. If the appendix is table and more than 1

page, so it adjusted as table arrangement. The appendix size which is over of the

paper size should be minimized; however it is still able to read. If it is not

13

possible, then it can be folded script area of the paper size or can be continued on

the next page. An appendix which is more than one page, in the next page is still

written according to appendix and added the word “sequel” in bracket.

14

III. THE PROCEDURE OF WRITING THE CONTENTS ON

RESEARCH PROPOSAL, UNDERGRADUATE THESIS, AND

SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

The procedure of writing the content on Research Proposal, Undergraduate

Thesis, and Scientific Article consists of: number and abbreviation, italic,

symmetry, title, capital, word separation, consistency, table and figure, use of

term, citation, footnotes, appendix and map, sketch.

3.1. NUMBER AND ABBREVIATION

The number and abbreviation should not be used in the beginning of

sentence. If in the sentence, there is an amount (number), followed by unit, so the

amount (number) that makes up a word has to be written in the form of number,

for example: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, one

hundred or one thousands, except number which is exceed two word has to be

written with the number, for example: 12, 20, 30, and so on, while an unit which

is preceded an amount or number can be written in the form of abbreviation or

complete, for example: 12 cm (twelve centimeter), 10 kg (ten kilogram), 50%

(fifty percent), and so on. However, if the unit is not preceded by an amount or

numbers, the unit of measure has to be written completely (should not be

abbreviated), such as: centimeter, kilogram, percent and so on. Behind the unit

does not need to be given a dot. If the units are the name of the inventor, the

writing unit is lowercase, uppercase for the name of the inventor, for example: kD

(kilo Dalton), kW (kilo Watts) and so on.

The abbreviations may be used is an abbreviation that has been recognized

internationally, such as: cm, kg, lbs, kal, kkal, BTU, HP, cc, ml, °C, °F and so on,

as well as chemical elements, such as Na, Ca , Zn, K, H, O2 and so on, as well as

the names of chemicals, such as DDT, TNT and etc. However, the writing of

abbreviation has to be equipped with continuation on the first writting, for

example: Zinc (Zn), hydrogen (H), carbon dioxide (CO2), Tambak Inti Rakyat

(TIR) and so on.

15

3.2. ITALIC

The italic is used for writing genus and species of living organism or other

Latin terms, for example: Ephinephelus, Tilapia nilotica, Eucheuma cottoni, in

vivo and so on. The species name of living organism that is not identified yet, can

be abbreviated using sp. or spp. (if more than two species), but the writing of sp.

or spp. shall be marked with dot and should not be in italic, for example:

Omochromis spp., Clupea sp. etc. If the name of species is followed by the name

of its inventor, the name of the inventor (people) do not need in italics, for

example: Chanos chanos Forsskal and the name of the inventor (people) may be

abbreviated with given a dot, for example: Cyprinus carpio L., Chanos chanos

Forssk., etc. the writing of species name can be abbreviated, for example:

C.carpio, O. mossambicus, and etc. by the first provision of writing still be written

by complete species name.

3.3. SYMMETRY

Equations, formulas, tables, figures or schemes should be arranged

symmetrically.

3.4. TITLE

The title requires more than one line must be arranged like opposed

pyramid and maximum contains four lines. Section must be written in capital and

bold Greek letter, centered without putting any punctuation, and doubled spacing.

Sub section is positioned in left side of the page and contains two number

separated with (.) of which the first number represents the section number and the

second number is the sub section. Sub section is not allowed containing more than

three numbers. If more than two sub sections, the use of letter is allowed eq. A,a,i.

The use of points or symbols is not allowed eq. *, •, *. Eq.

3.5. CAPITAL

Capital is used to write the first of person’s name, institution, city, street,

mountain, river, etc. An acronym must use capital letters, if an acronym comes for

16

the first in the whole sentence, it must be defined eq. The spreading of Koi Herpes

Virus (KHV) is uncontrolled in this past decade. A word defining title or city

followed by its name must use a capital letter eq. He lives in Jalan Sumatra.

3.6. WORD SEPARATION

Refer to general requirements (2.1.5)

3.7. CONSISTENCY

Writing consistency is highly crucial in arranging a scientific writing. It

concerns on the use of appropriate words, acronym/abbreviation, term and

definition, number, sub heading, page number, sub title, etc. The consistency must

be well outlined when starting and finalizing a text.

3.8. TABLE AND FIGURE

Tables and figures must be consecutively numbered and contain caption.

After table number is followed by table title eq. Table 1. Proximate composition

of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched fish feed. If the table is made in large size, it might

be set in landscape view. If the table is too large, it must be resized but will not be

any information demonstrated by the table. If the table takes more than one page,

it can be put on the appendix. The table needs 3 spacing after the text of the table

and the table.

Tables or drawings should start on the left edge and be placed

symmetrically, especially for simple tables. The wording of a table or image

begins on the left edge as the scriptwriting and table title are written 2 spaces

above the table, while the title of the image is written 2 spaces below the image.

The numbers or words in the table are arranged 1.5 spaces, whereas if they exceed

25 tires it is arranged spaced. All parts of the table or image are placed 3 spaces

below or above the script. It is not permissible to separate table titles or images

with tables or drawings.

The table or drawing (or attachment) required in the text is written as

Table 1, Figure 3, Appendix 4 and so on. Titles or images that are more than one

17

bans, the distance between the row is 1 space. Table titles and or images are typed

in bold. The beginning of the sentence in the title of the table or picture is typed in

uppercase and does not need to end with a dot. The table or image description

cannot be separated from the table or image page or on the next page. If there is

additional information in the table or picture, typed under a table or picture spaced

1 space with letters smaller than the text letters and not typed in bold, whereas if

the writing of a table or image accompanied by a cited source typed follow the

title of the table or image with letters Smaller than the text letters and written in

brackets as well as not using bold. Examples of table writing and placement are

listed in Appendix 17, whereas the writing and placement of images of ten) eras in

Appendix 18.

3.9. USING OF TERM

The use of the term in the text should be consistent and concise and use

good and correct language.

3.9.1. GRAMMAR AND SPELLING

The terms used must comply with the Indonesian language's standardized

grammar and spelling. Absorption of foreign language elements pronunciation

and writing are adjusted to the Indonesian rules of cultivation so that foreign

spelling is only changed as necessary, so that its Indonesian form can still be

distinguished from the original form. An example of a spelling rule for the

element of absorption from a foreign language can be seen in Appendix 19.

3.9.2. ENGLISH

The foreign language is not necessarily used when Bahasa Indonesia can

clearly describe. Otherwise, it must be used and written in italic letter eq.

inbreeding

3.10. PARAGRAPH

Each paragraph contains a unified entity and is a new banner and typed six

beats from the left border or the sixth letter of the bans below (or arranged using

the Tab in the computer). Writing a new paragraph at the end of the manuscript

18

page is only justified if there is still a minimum of space for two lines of text. A

line from a paragraph should not be typed on the next page or left at the bottom of

the page. The paragraph is a description consisting of more than two sentences.

One maximum sentence consists of three (3) lines. The foreground and conjunct

(hyphen) are not allowed to be sent at the beginning of a new sentence. Each

manuscript shall, at the most, consist of four (4) paragraphs.

3.11. CITATION

Citation of literature can be distinguished into direct and indirect. Direct

quotation is derived from its main source or literature directly, whereas indirect

quotation is a quotation of a literature contained in other bibliography. As far as

possible the library material comes from the main source. Direct quotations can be

written directly from the source of the literature, but the indirect quotation must

include the main literature and the quoted material with the addition of the word

"in" (italics) or "quoted by" and so on. For example:

a. Directly cited

Mudjiman (1999) mengatakan…….., maka penulisan dalam daftar

pustaka adalah Mudjiman, A. 1999.

b. Indirectly cited :

Mudjiman (1998) dalam Hidayah (2003)

menjelaskan………………………, maka penulisan dalam daftar pustaka

adalah Hidayah, U. 2003.

Arifianto (2000) yang dikutip oleh Maulidab (2004)

mengemukakan…………, maka penulisan dalam daftar pustaka adalah

Maulidah, A. 2004.

Writing a literature with authors of more than one person uses the word

"and" to separate the author's name and this writing is applicable to the Indonesian

language, while the word "and" for English and in the bibliography is kept in

accordance with the language used. Example:

a. Suryawan dan Muslim (2003) mengatakan bahwa………, maka penulisan

dalam daftar pustaka adalah Suryawan, A. dan B. Muslim. 2003.

19

b. Zonneveld and Boon (1990) berpendapat………………., maka penulisan

dalam daftar pustaka adalah Zonneveld, N. and J. H. Boon. 1990.

Writing reference of literature written by more than two persons (authors)

are used et al. (For Indonesian literature) and the writing is typed upright (not

tilted), while et al. (For English literature) and typed in italics. Writing in the

bibliographic list of all authors remains fully written. Example:

a. Mukti dkk. (2001) mengemukakan………………………, maka penulisan

dalam daftar pustaka adalah Mukti, A. T., Rustidja dan S. B. Sumitro.

2001.

b. Zonneveld et at. (1991) menjelaskan bahwa…………….., maka penulisan

dalam daftar pustaka adalah Zonneveld, N., J. H. Boon, J. Jayaprakas and

B. Sambu. 1991.

The literature in the text is written by the author's last name, either one or

two authors. Writing the author's name can be placed at the end or back of the

quotation (in parentheses) and terminated by a period, for example:

a. Artemia spp. mempunyai panjang sekitar 1 cm (Adisukresno, 1983).

b. Pemberian hormon dapat dilakukan melalui penyuntikan (Hepher and

Pruginin, 1982).

c. Ada beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam pemberian hormon steroid

(Hunter and Donaldson, 1983 dalam Wardhana, 1992).

If there is a similar biblical passage written by several other authors,

whether it be the same or different year, one may choose one or write it all down.

Name of author written all, if the year of writing or year of the same issue, then

the writing follows the alphabet letter, but if the year of writing or year rises

differently, then the way of writing follows the order of the year of writing or the

year published, for example:

a. Santoso (1992), Sugianto (1992) dan Susanto (1992) menyatakan,………..

b. Susanto (1991) dan Djarijah (1994) menjelaskan bahwa, …………………

If the writing in the end of the literature quote (in parentheses), so the way

of writing the name of the author also follows the rules as above. The difference is

no longer using the word "and" (if more than one author), but simply be given a

semicolon (;). For example:

20

a. Ikan gurami merupakan ikan konsumsi yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi (Santoso,

1992; Sugianto, 1992; Susanto, 1992).

b. Ikan gurami mudah dibudidayakan, walaupun pertumbuhannya lambat (Rusdi,

1990; Djarijah, 1994).

Excerpts of bibliography should not include one or more paragraphs or

more in the text. One sentence or even one paragraph can also be written or

quoted from more than one person. For example:

a. Pertumbuhan Tilapia dipengaruhi oleh nilai pH (Bardach et al., 1972) dan faktor

suhu (Huet 1972).

b. Pertumbuhan ikan tergantung pada spesies, umur dan ukuran ikan, lingkungan

dan makanan (Hariati, 1989). Lebih lanjut Huet (1972) mengatakan bahwa

pertumbuhan Tilapia tergantung pada spesies dan ketersediaan pakan. Makanan

merupakan sumber energi bagi ikan (Zonneveld dkk., 1991; Mudjiman, 1992).

Literature source from the internet {browsing / download) which listed the

author's name can be used as a library material. The sources of libraries from the

internet that are not listed the name of the author should not be used as a literature.

Literature source from internet cultivated and preferred which already have ISSN

or ISBN. Source library derived from the journal and obtained by browsing /

download internet, writing in bibliography still follow the writing of the journal

and followed the website

3.12. REFERENCES

The author's name in the bibliography is listed in alphabetical order. The

author's first name, either one author or more, has the last name or last name (can

be a family name / surname), then write the first or first name abbreviation (if

any). If more than one author name, then the subsequently name written first name

abbreviation or first name first (if any) and then last name or last name.

The same author’s name, the writing name in the second or subsequent reference

just put the line along the same number of letter. If the author's name and year are

the same, then in the back of the year of writing or the year of publication there

shall be additional letters a, b, c and so on. Writing authors those more than two

persons in the bibliography should not use et al. or et al. (Only allowed in the

text). The bibliography should be written in the following order: name of author /

21

author, year of writing or year of publication, title, publisher, city and page (cited

page), while special Undergraduate Thesis / Thesis / Dissertation or Unpublished

Research Results can be written all number of pages and bounded by a dot.

Examples of writing a bibliography can be seen in Appendix 16.

3.13. FOOTNOTE

Footnotes are used when in the text there is a person's oral statement or a

person's description written in a newspaper, magazine or bulletin or secondary

data in a table or picture. Footnotes should be typed starting from the left side of

the paper at the bottom of the manuscript at a distance of 3 cm from the bottom of

the paper, separated by a dash (straight or dashed) with text and typed with a letter

smaller than the text letter, 5 spaces between footnotes (if more than one footnote)

and typed on the same page as the text where the footnote is cited. The use of

footnotes should be limited. Examples of footnotes are listed in Appendix 20.

3.14. APPENDIX

Each attachment must be completed with title, source (when quoted from

bibliography) and description (if any). Attachments in the form of tables and or

images, the way the writing is the same as the writing of tables or images in text.

3.15. MAP AND SKETCH

Maps, sketches include images and should not be included attachments,

but can be in text. Maps should be equipped with longitude and latitude with the

scale and direction of the wind. If the shape of the floor plan, then on it written the

word "floor" complete with the name of the location that made the plan

Maps depicting villages, sub districts or districts that may clarify the

reader should be inset placed at the bottom right corner of the image boundary.

Inset must also include longitude, latitude and wind direction. Map or floor plan

should be bordered. The title is placed above the top of the line and the

description is written in the drawing space. Examples of maps and floor plans can

be seen in Appendices 21 and 22 respectively.

22

GUIDANCE OF DRAFTING

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

23

IV. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The drafting of Research Proposal consecutively consists of: title page,

authorization, content, references and appendix.

4.1. TITLE

The title page consecutively consists of: title, Research Proposal, study

program, symbol, by, complete student’s name, city and province of student,

faculty, university, city and year. The example of title page of Research Proposal

can be seen in Appendix 1.

4.2. AUTHORIZATION

The authorization page consists of: title, by, complete student’s name,

student ID, approval of committee and study program. The example of

authorization of Research Proposal can be seen in Appendix 2.

4.3. CONTENT OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The content of Research Proposal has to contain of: introduction, literature

review, conceptual framework and hypotheses and methodology.

4.3.1. INTRODUCTION

The introduction consists of: title, background, problems, aims and

benefits.

A. TITLE

The title should be formulated in brief, clear, rigid, and informative

sentences that is reflect the current problems and not make varying

interpretation. The title should be explanative, simple and interesting. Title

is an identity from all of paper. The writing of title maximum 14 words, if

over the provision, can be added title section.

24

B. BACKGROUND

Background should be described briefly and clearly about the

important excuse of research and factors that is triggers to conduct the

research according to the current problem. The writing of background has

not to cite all of the sentences, but it can be based on ideas which is

supported by literature using own word. The arrangement of background

should be well-organized, from general to specific and refers to the current

research.

C. PROBLEM

Problem contains of explanation about the excuse of choosing the

problem and why the problem is interesting, important, and has to be

conducted. It also should be described about the status of the problems in

more specific scope, so the wide problems can be identified, choose and

formulated as well as be a specific and can be solved through the research

that will be conducted.

D. AIMS

The aims of the research should be describe in detail and clear as

well as in line with the problem that have been formulated. The aims of the

research have to refer to the background and problem as well as eventually

answer in conclusion.

E. BENEFITS

Expected benefits of the research should be described in detail and

clearly, both for science and development and especially for all the parties

concerned with the problem that will be studied. Generally, the benefits

that will be gained are reflection in the suggestions.

25

4.3.2. LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature review contains theoretical basis, assumptions or other

information and support on the problems that will be examined as well as a

guideline in problem solving and formulation of hypotheses (if any) that will be

tested in the study. The literature review should also contain descriptions

systematically research results that have been obtained by researchers or research

related to the previous and research to be conducted. In the presentation, it should

be outlined that the problems to be investigated was not answered or resolved

satisfactorily yet, thus it still be able to conduct in the further experiment or

sharpen the previous research.

4.3.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES

The conceptual framework of the research explains briefly and clearly as

well as sequentially thought on current problems formulated and will be

investigated and resolved, how solving and research processes, variables or

parameters investigated and the final results will be produced or expected. The

conceptual framework should also schematically illustrated by flowcharts.

Hypothesis is a brief statement inferred from the literature or the formulation of

temporary answer to the problems to be studied and should be verifiable.

Hypotheses should be stated combination of two or more variables, formulated

briefly, solid and clear and must be verifiable.

4.3.4. METHODOLOGY

The methodology describes about the research methodology in detail and

consists of: the place and time, research topic, methodology and research

schedule.

A. PLACE AND TIME

The place and time of the research should be described in detail

and clearly.

26

B. RESEARCH TOPIC

The research topic describes the equipment and materials to be

used in research and the object to be examined in detail and clearly.

Equipment and materials used for the analysis must be written with the full

specifications and the manufacturer (brand production). Materials as

research objects must also be equipped with the specification, but is not

allowed to include trademarks. If necessary, the equipment and materials

used in the study included drawings and parts or composition of the

material.

C. METHODOLOGY

Research methodology in detail explained about the research

design, procedures, parameter and data analysis.

a. RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design describes the data collection methods of

research (experimental, torch, census, case studies), experimental design,

research design and type / kind of treatment or variable (if the experiment),

the level and replications, the method of determining and sampling. The

research design adapted to the experimental design used in the research.

b. PROCEDURE

Procedure describes in detail and clear explanation of the

procedure or the implementation of the research that will be conducted,

including data collection. Writing procedure should be organized and

sequential schematically in the form of a flowchart.

c. PARAMETER

The parameter contains the measurement types or testing results of

research and calculation (when using a formula). The specified formula

must also be accompanied by the references used to cite the formula in the

manuscript. Parameters should be divided into main and supporting

parameters.

27

d. DATA ANALYSIS

The data analysis describes in detail and clear analysis that will be

used in a test / measurement / calculation the parameters of the research,

for example: statistics (ANOVA, Student Test and etc.), descriptive, and

so on.

D. RESEARCH SCHEDULE

The scheduled implementation of the study should be explained in

detail the stages of the types of activities and the execution time of the study,

include: preparation, implementation, analysis of data, preparation of reports and

consultation reports. Examples of research implementation schedule listed in

Appendix 3

4.4. REFERENCES

The references contain name/ organization/ board/ institution that their

idea/ writing are cited for literature of Research Proposal. If no cited from a

literature, then it is not allowed to be included in the references.

4.5. APPENDIX

The appendix should be consists of: the explanation of experimental

design, analysis data framework, and temporary arrangement of Undergraduate

Thesis, figure, etc.

28

V. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Drafting Undergraduate Thesis consists of: early section, content section

and end section.

5.1. EARLY SECTION

In the early section of Undergraduate Thesis consists of: title page,

authorization, approval, abstract, summary, preface, table of content, list of table,

list of figure, list of appendix and etc.

5.1.1. TITLE

The title page consecutively consists of title, Undergraduate Thesis, study

program, symbol, by, complete student’s name, city, province, faculty, university,

city and year. The example of title page of Undergraduate Thesis can be seen in

Appendix 4.

5.1.2. AUTHORIZATION

Authorization page consists of: title, status of Undergraduate Thesis, by,

complete student’s name, student ID, approval from supervisor and chief of study

program. The example of authorization page of Undergraduate Thesis can be seen

in Appendix 5.

5.1.3. APPROVAL

The approval page consists of: status of Undergraduate Thesis after oral

defense, the date of oral defense, approval form committee and dean. The example

of approval page of Undergraduate Thesis can be seen in Appendix 6.

5.1.4. ABSTRACT

The abstract is a brief and clear description on the implementation of

research process. The abstract is written in Indonesia with the description consists

of: complete student’s name, title, supervisor’s name, background, problems,

aims, methodology, and result of research (See in Appendix 7).

29

5.1.5. SUMMARY

Summary is summary written in English

5.1.6. PREFACE

Preface is brief description which is explain the status or function of

Undergraduate Thesis and acknowledgment of the author to the all who have

contributed of the implementing and finishing the Undergraduate Thesis (See in

Appendix 8).

5.1.7. TABLE OF CONTENT

The table of content consists of: chapter name in the early section, content

and end section as well as the page number. Especially in the content section, also

consists of the chapter, sub section, and sub sub section (See in Appendix 9).

5.1.8. LIST OF TABLE

The list of table consists of: number, table title, page number where the

table listed in the report (See in Appendix 10).

5.1.9. LIST OF FIGURE

The list of figure consists of number, figure title and page number where

the figure listed in the report (See in Appendix 11).

5.1.10. APPENDIX

List of appendix consists of: number, appendix title and page number

where the appendix listed in the report (See in Appendix 12).

5.1.11. OTHERS

In this section, the students, allowed to add pages if necessary, such as:

curriculum vitae, motto or grateful thanks. However, the writing of this section

has to follow the procedure of writing.

30

5.2. CONTENT SECTION

This section consists of: introduction, literature review, conceptual

framework, hypotheses, methodology, result and discussion, conclusion and

suggestion.

5.2.1. INTRODUCTION

Introduction briefly and clearly describe on the background, problems,

aims and benefits.

5.2.2. LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature review consists of theoretical basis, previous research result

or information related to the problem in the research.

5.2.3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES

The conceptual framework is described schematically through flow chart

(same as listed in Research Proposal).

5.2.4. METHODOLOGY

The research methodology in the Undergraduate Thesis describes the

process of whole research implementation. The description has to detail and clear

that consists of: place and time, materials and methods (same as listed in Research

Proposal).

5.2.5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The result and discussion includes data on the research result and its

discussion. The research result can be form as scheme, table, figure or photo

during the research. Data in the form of table or graphic is analysis result, while

the measuring process completely written in appendix. Serving data in the form of

average score or value also listed the standard deviation or standard error. It is to

know the validation of the data serving.

31

The description in the discussion includes the interpretation process on the

data analysis result of the research in order to achieve a conclusion which is

equipped by supporting literature. The writing of result and discussion should be

conducted separately.

5.2.6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

The conclusion is interpretation result of discussion which is formulated

briefly, rigid to provide brief description of research result or prove the

hypotheses. The conclusion consists of general and specific. General conclusion is

a summary of the various specific conclusions; contrary specific conclusion is the

elaboration in detail.

Suggestion is logical continuity of conclusion and can be an advice or

recommendation according to experience and student’s consideration during

research. The suggestion is intended for the researcher in the same field and wants

to continue or develop the current research. The suggestion is description from

research benefits.

5.3. END SECTION

In the end section of Undergraduate Thesis consists of: references and

appendix.

5.3.1. REFERENCES

The references has to contain all of the references which is cited and

written by author in the report, except the material which is not publish yet and

cannot be found in the library. The material such as private information from

personal interview, handbook, brochure, etc. has to be explained in footnote in the

text and not listed in references. The main aims of references are provide the

information, so people can easily access and find the source which is mention in

an Undergraduate Thesis.

32

5.3.2. APPENDIX

The appendix is additional information and directly supporting which is

used to interpret the result and discussion. The appendix can be form as analysis

data, scheme, process or mechanism, table, sketch, figure, photo, graphic, and etc.

33

VI. THE PROCEDURE OF DRAFTING SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

The Scientific Article is scientific paper and a part of Undergraduate

Thesis. The procedure of drafting the Scientific Article is adjusted by the

procedure of drafting the Undergraduate Thesis. The Scientific Article

consecutively consists of: Title page, authorization page, and content of Scientific

Article. The total page of Scientific Article maximum is 15 pages and the writing

without page number.

6.1. TITLE PAGE

The title page consecutively consists of title, Scientific Article, study

program, symbol of university, by, complete student’s name, city and province,

faculty, university, city and year. The example of title page of Scientific Article

can be seen in Appendix 13.

6.2. AUTHORIZATION

The authorization page consists of: title, status of Scientific Article, by,

complete student’s name, student ID, approval from supervisor and dean (See in

Appendix 14).

6.3. CONTENT OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

The content of Scientific Article consists of: title, author, abstract,

introduction, methodology, result and discussion, conclusion and suggestion,

references, and appendix. The writing of Scientific Article has distance 1.5 spaces,

except for title and abstract has distance 1 space.

6.3.1. TITLE

The tittle is written in Indonesia and English

6.3.2. AUTHOR

The author consists of: student, supervisor without title, year and total

page number.

34

6.3.3. ABSTRACT

The abstract is written in Indonesia and English with the keyword, which

is consists of: brief background, problems, aims, methodology and research result

(See in Appendix 15).

6.3.4. INTRODUCTION

Introduction consists of: background, problems, aims and benefits.

6.3.5. METHODOLOGY

The research methodology consists of: place and time, materials and

methods.

6.3.6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Result and discussion is described in brief, concise, and clear. In the result

can attach the table, figure, and/or photos of research result.

6.3.7. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

6.3.8. REFERENCES

6.3.9. APPENDIX (optional)

35

Appendix 1. Example of Title Page on Research Proposal

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE

AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM

By:

ALFI HERAWATI

SIDOARJO-EAST JAVA

FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SURABAYA

2009

36

Appendix 2. Example of Authorization Page on Research Proposal

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE

AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna

By:

ALFI HERAWATI

STUDENT ID 060410151 P

Approval,

Committee

First Supervisor Second Supervisor

NIP. NIP.

Approval,

Chief of Aquaculture Study Program

NIP.

37

Appendix 3. Example of Timeline Writing on Research Implementation

a. Narrative form

Number Activity Time Schedule (day)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Preparation

1.1 Permission

Drafting Research Proposal

Consulting Research Proposal

Conducting Research

Drafting Undergraduate Thesis

Consulting Undergraduate Thesis

2

10

10

60

15

15

Total 112

b. Matrix form

No. Activity April May June

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Preparation

1.1 Permission

Drafting

Research

Proposal

Consulting

Research

Proposal

Seminar

Conducting

Research

Drafting

Undergraduate

Thesis

Consulting

Undergraduate

Thesis

Seminar

Oral Defense

Delivering

Undergraduate

Thesis Book

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

xx

38

Appendix 4. Example of Title Page on Undergraduate Thesis

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE

AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna

UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM

By:

ALFI HERAWATI

SIDOARJO-EAST JAVA

FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SURABAYA

2009

39

Appendix 5. Example of Authorization Page on Undergraduate Thesis

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE

AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna

Undergraduate Thesis is one of requirement for achieving Bachelor Title on

Aquaculture Study Program in Faculty of Fisheries and Marine

Universitas Airlangga

By:

ALFI HERAWATI

STUDENT ID 060410151 P

Approval,

Committee

First Supervisor Second Supervisor

NIP. NIP.

Approval,

Chief of Aquaculture Study Program

NIP.

40

Appendix 6. Example of Approval Page on Undergraduate Thesis

After learning and testing conscientiously, we conclude this Undergraduate

Thesis, both the scope and quality can be proposed as one of requirement for

achieving the Bachelor Title of Fisheries

Oral defense date:…………..

Approval,

Committee,

Chief

NIP.

Secretary Member

NIP. NIP.

Member Member

NIP. NIP.

Surabaya, ……………….

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine

Universitas Airlangga

Dean,

NIP.

41

Appendix 7. Example of Abstract

ABSTRACT

OINI SHIANTININGSIH. Effect of Glucose on Motility and Lifecycle of

Spermatozoa of Cyprinus carpio Linn. Supervisor Dr. Laksmi

Sulmartiwi, S.Pi, MP. and Prof. Dr. Ir. Kusriningrum Rohiman, MS.

The maturation period of male garnet and goldfish females (Cyprinus

carpio Linn.) that do not occur simultaneously will lead to difficulties in

spawning as well as disrupt the balance of seed provision. This can be overcome

by storing spermatozoa. Storage of spermatozoa requires the addition of diluents

and energy sources to support the survival of spermatozoa. One source of energy

required by spermatozoa is obtained from simple sugars such as glucose.

This study aims to determine the effect of glucose addition on physiologic

NaCI diluent medium to motility and long life of goldfish spermatozoa. The

research method was experiment with Completely Randomized Design (RAL) as

experiment design. The discharges used are different doses of glucose, i.e. GO

(0%), G1 (0.01%), G2 (0.05%), G3 (0.1%), G4 (0.5%), G5 (1%) and G6 (1.6%)

each treatment was repeated 4 times. The main parameters observed were motility

(%) and length of life (days) of spermatozoa. The observed parameters were fresh

sperm concentration (cell / ml), fresh sperm motility (%), duration of life

(minutes) of fresh sperm, pH, volume, viscosity and sperm color. Analyze the data

using the Variety Analyzer (ANAVA) and to know the best treatment is done

Duncan Multiple Spots.

The results showed that the addition of glucose with different doses gave a

real effect (P <0.05) on the motility and length of life of carp spermatozoa. The

highest mean spermatozoa motility was observed in G2 treatment (0.05%) and

lowest in treatment G6 (1.6%). The average length of live spermatozoa carp was

found in treatment G2 (0.05%), i.e. 2 days, while the lowest was G6 (1.6%), i.e.

0.125 days. Further research is needed to find out the ability of spermatozoa carp

of the admissions result in fertilization process.

42

Appendix 8. Example of Preface

All praise and gratitude of the writer prayed to Allah over the abundance

of His grace and guidance, so the Undergraduate Thesis entitled Effect of Glucose

on Motility and Lifecycle of Spermatozoa of Cyprinus carpio Linn. is able to

finished. This Undergraduate Thesis is prepared in order to meet the requirements

to obtain a Bachelor of Fisheries Degree in Aquaculture Studies Program, Faculty

of Fisheries and Marine University Airlangga Surabaya.

On this occasion, I would like to say thank you as much as possible to: 1)

Mrs. Laksmi Sulmartiwi, S.Pi., MP. as first supervisor and Professor. Dr. Ir. Hj.

Kusriningrum Rohiman, MS. as a second supervisor who has provided guidance,

guidance and guidance since the preparation of Research Proposal to the

completion of preparation of this Undergraduate Thesis, 2) Mr. A. Shofy

Mubarak, S.Pi., M.Si, Ir. Sudarno, M.Kes. And Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, S.Pi.,

M.Si. as committee who have provided input and suggestions for the

improvement of this Undergraduate Thesis, 3) Mrs. Prof. Dr. Drh. Hj. Sri Subekti,

DEA .. as the Dean of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga

Surabaya and 4) all parties who have assisted the author in the implementation

and completion of this thesis.

The author realizes that this Undergraduate Thesis is still not perfect, so

that criticism and constructive suggestion is very author expect for the

improvement and perfection of this thesis. Finally, the authors hope that this

scientific work is useful and can provide information for all parties.

43

Appendix 8. Example of Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Jue-Liang Hsu,

Ph.D for his supervising and for giving me the opportunity to conduct my research

in his laboratory at the Department of Biological Science and Technology,

National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. I am grateful for his

vast knowledge, his constructive, his fascinating discussing and sure for his

continuous support for me to finish my master study. His patience and guidance

helped me in all the time of research and writing of my thesis. Special thanks to

Prof. Chi-I Chang and Yu Jen Wu, Ph.D who was willing to participate at my

final defense committee and absolutely Prof. Sukoso for his support and

encouragement during the whole thesis. His expert knowledge has been a great

support for my research.

I would like to thanks my colleagues in BT207 laboratory: Sin-Hong

Chen, Yahui Shih, Wei Chu Chen, Zong Han Tsai Wei-Lin Chen, Wan-Ru Huang

and Chong-Gu Jhou for their help, assistance and for creating friendly

atmosphere. A great thanks to all my Indonesian Students in NPUST for their

continuous support. Furthermore, I would like thanks to Double Degree Program

of Brawijaya University for having cooperation with NPUST.

Last but not the least, I would like thanks to my parents Eko Yulili and

Luluk Hari Yuliasih, my sister Arumantika and my brother in law Ronny Prasetyo

for always praying and continuous supporting for my every decisions and through

all my studies. Most of all, I grateful thanks to Allah SWT for all his blessing.

44

Appendix 9. Example of Table of Content

TABLE OF CONTENT

Page

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. iv

SUMMARY .................................................................................................. vi

PREFACE ..................................................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ ix

LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................... xii

LIST OF FIGURE ......................................................................................... xiii

LIST OF APPENDIX ................................................................................... xiv

I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ........................................................................... 1

1.2 Problems ................................................................................ 3

1.3 Aims ...................................................................................... 3

1.4 Benefit ................................................................................... 3

II. LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................. 4

2.1. Classification and Morphology ............................................. 4

2.2. Biology .................................................................................. 5

So on ..................................................................................... 6

III. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES ................. 20

3.1. Conceptual Framework ......................................................... 20

3.2. Hypotheses ............................................................................ 21

IV. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................ 22

4.1. Place and Time ...................................................................... 22

4.2. Research Material.................................................................. 22

4.3. Research Method ................................................................... 23

4.3.1. Experimental Design ................................................. 23

4.3.2. Research Implementation .......................................... 23

4.3.3. Parameters ................................................................. 28

4.3.4. Data Analysis ............................................................ 29

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION ......................................................... 30

45

5.1. Result .................................................................................... 30

5.1.1. Sperm Viability Test ................................................. 30

5.1.2. Spermatozoa Motility ................................................ 31

5.1.3. Spermatozoa Vitality ................................................. 32

5.2. Discussion ............................................................................. 34

5.2.1. Sperm Viability Test ................................................. 34

5.2.2. Spermatozoa Motility ................................................ 36

5.2.3. Spermatozoa Vitality ................................................. 38

VI. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION ............................................... 40

6.1. Conclusion ............................................................................ 40

6.2. Suggestion ............................................................................. 41

REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 42

APPENDIX ................................................................................................... 48

46

Appendix 10. Example of List of Table

LIST OF TABLE

Table Page

1. Average measurement of water quality before treatment ................. 21

2. Average examination of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) sperm and ovum

quality ................................................................................................ 38

3. Results of variance the effect of surfactant detergent on hatching goldfish

(Cyprinus carpio) eggs ...................................................................... 50

47

Appendix 11. Example of List of Table

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Page

1. Morphology of shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) ............................. 15

2. The average amount of zooid Zoothamnium sp. on various organs in

shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) ...................................................... 17

3. Pathology of shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) ................................. 19

48

Appendix 12. Example of List of Appendix

LIST OF APPENDIX

Appendix Page

1. Equipment and material research ...................................................... 43

2. Procedure of making histopathology preparation ............................. 44

3. Histopathology of shrimp (Panaeus monodon Fab.) which attacked disease

........................................................................................................... 45

4. Examination data and clinical symptom of shrimp (Panaeus monodon

Fab.) which attacked by Zoothamnium sp. ....................................... 46

49

Appendix 13. Example of Title Page on Scientific Article

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE

AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna

SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM

By:

ALFI HERAWATI

SIDOARJO-EAST JAVA

FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

SURABAYA

2009

50

Appendix 5. Example of Authorization Page on Undergraduate Thesis

THE EFFECT OF CADMIUM CONCENTRATION ON COLOR CHANGE

AND TOTAL MALE SEX Daphnia magna

Scientific Article is one of requirement for achieving Bachelor Title on

Aquaculture Study Program in Faculty of Fisheries and Marine

Universitas Airlangga

By:

ALFI HERAWATI

STUDENT ID 060410151 P

Approval,

Committee

First Supervisor Second Supervisor

NIP. NIP.

Surabaya, ……………….

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine

Universitas Airlangga

Dean,

NIP.

51

Appendix 15. Example of Abstract on Scientific Article

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN SUPPLEMEN L-CARNITINE DALAM

PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN POST LARVA UDANG WINDU

(Panaeus monodon Fabricus)

Achmad Fathoni, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti dan Woro Hastuti Satyantini. 2009. 15

hal.

Abstrak

___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kata kunci:

EFFECT OF UTILIZATION L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENT IN FEED ON THE

GROWTH OF TIGER PRAWN (Panaeus monodon Fabricus)

POST LARVA

Achmad Fathoni, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti dan Woro Hastuti Satyantini. 2009. 15 p.

Abstract

___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Keywords:

52

Appendix 16. Example of Writing References

Text Book

An author

Boyd, C. E. 1979. Water Quality in Warmwater Fish Ponds. Auburn University.

Alabama. pp. 200-213.

Surachmad, W. 1980. Pengantar Penelitian llmiah. Tarsito. Bandung, hal. 100-

110.

Two authors

Hanafiah, A. M. dan A. M. Saefudin. 1983. Tataniaga Hasil Perikanan.

Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta, hal. 20-26.

Storer, T. I. and R. L. Usinger. 1957. General Zoology. 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill

Book Company Inc. New York. pp. 30-36.

Three or more authors

Lagler, K. F., J. E. Bardach and R. E. Miller. 1977. Ichthyology. John Wiley and

Sons. New York. pp. 130-135.

Zonneveld, N., E. A. Huismann dan J. H. Boon. 1991. Prinsip-Prinsip Budidaya

Ikan. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta, hal. 290-300.

Same author

Yatim, W. 1986. Genetika. Tarsito. Bandung, hal. 210-113.

Yatim, W. 1990. Reproduksi dan Embriologi. Tarsito. Bandung, hal. 100-110.

The same author and year

Martosubroto, P. 1977a. Hutan Bakau dan Peranannya dalam Perikanan Udang.

Makalah pada Seminar II Perikanan Udang, 15-18 Maret 1977. Jakarta. 30

hal.

Martosubroto, P. 1977b. Mangrove in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Workshop on

Mangrove and Estuarine Area Development for the Indo-Pacific Region,

14-19 November 1977. Philippines, pp. 153-160.

Different author and same year

Martosubroto, P. 1977a. Hutan Bakau dan Peranannya dalam Perikanan Udang. Makalah pada Seminar II Perikanan Udang, 15-18 Maret 1977. Jakarta. 30 hal.

Martosubroto, P. 1977b. Mangrove in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Workshop on Mangrove and Estuarine Area Development for the Indo-Pacific Region, 14-19 November 1977. Philippines, pp. 153-160.

53

Without Author

Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. 1987. Usaha Monoseks Ikan Nila Merah Dengan

Menggunakan Hormon. Kumpulan Paket Teknologi Budidaya Ikan Air

Tawar. Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. Sukabumi. hal. 26-29.

Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. 1988. Petunjuk Teknis Budidaya Ikan Nila Merah.

Balai Budidaya Air Tawar. Sukabumi. hal. 10-13.

Jakarta National Academy Press. 1985. Workshop on Marine Algae

Biotechnology : Summary Report, 11-13 December 1985. Jakarta National

Academy Press. Jakarta, pp. 100-108

Bound book

Hoar, W. S. and D. J. Randall. 1970. Fish Physiology. Vol. IV. Academic Press

Inc. London. pp. 209-252.

McVey, J. P. 1983. CRC Handbook of Mariculture. Volume I. CRC Press Inc.

Boca Raton. Florida, pp. 15-16.

Translation book

Booth, A. dan P. MCCawley. 1982. Ekonomi Orde Baru. LP3ES. Jakarta, hal. 30-

32.

Ganong, W. F. 1979. Fisiologi Kedokteran. Terjemahan: Ajidharma.

EGC. Jakarta. hal. 391-430.

Nybakken, J. W. 1988. Biologi Laut : Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Terjemahan:

M. Eidman. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta, hal. 200-212.

Edition book

Djarwanto, P. 1985. Statistik Non Parametrik. Edisi 2. BPFE. Yogyakarta. hal.

30-34.

Sheperd, W. R. 1956. Historical Atlas. 8th Edition. Barnes and Noble. New York.

pp. 50-55.

Not by the relevant author

Hoar, W. S. 1969. Reproduction. In : W. S. Hoar and J. H. Randall (Eds.). Fish

Physiology. Vol. III. Academic Press Inc. New York. pp. 1-69.

Ramelan, S. H. 2001. Rencana Pengembangan Budidaya Laut di Indonesia.

Dalam : A. Sudrajat, A. Rukyani dan E. Danakusumah (Eds.). Teknologi

Budidaya Laut dan Pengembangan Sea Farming di Indonesia. Puslitbang

Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta, hal. 30-40

Journal

Carman, O., T. Oshiro and F. Takashima. 1991. Estimation of Effective Condition

for Induction of Triploidy in Goldfish, Carassius auratus Linn. Journal of

the Tokyo University of Fisheries, 78 (2): 127-135.

54

Carman, O., T. Oshiro and F. Takashima. 1992. Variation in the Maximum

Number of Nucleoli in Diploid and Triploid Common Carp. Nippon Suisan

Gakkaishi, 58 (12), Formerly Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish : 2302-2309.

Merchie, G., P. Lavens and P. Dhert 1995. Variation of Ascorbic Acid Content in

Different Live Food Organisms. Aquaculture, 134 : 325-337.

Prawiro, S. 1989. Kepiting di Pasaran Intemasional. Bull. Warta Mina, 30 (III): 8-

14.

Slamet, B., Tridjoko, A. Prijono, T. Setiadharma dan K. Sugama. 1996.

Penyerapan Nutrisi Endogen, Tabiat Makan dan Perkembangan Morfologi

Larva Kerapu Bebek {Cromileptes altivelis). Jumal Penelitian Perikanan

Indonesia, II (2): 13-21

Newspaper

In one page

Kurniawan, M. dan A Ali. 2000. Problematika Kelautan di Indonesia. Jawa Pos, 7

Juni 2000 : 5.

Kompas. 2005. Konflik Antar Nelayan : Akibat OTODA. Kompas, 6 April 2005 :

6.

Separated page

Sugito, Y. 1992. Problematika Diversifikasi Pangan. Jawa Pos, 16 Oktober 1992 :

4, 7.

Article/ Paper in seminar/ workshop (proceeding)

Liao, I. C, M. S. Su and H. M. Su. 1991. An Overview of Live Feeds Production

Systems Design in Taiwan. Rotifer and Microalgae Systems. Proceeding of

a U. S - Asia Workshop. Honolulu, pp. 1-20.

Muchari, A., Supriatna, R. Purba, T. Achmad dan H. Kohno. 1991. Pemeliharaan

Larva Kerapu Macan {Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Makalah Seminar on

Marine Finfish Culture, 10-12 Agustus 1991. Jakarta. 12 hal.

Mundayana, Y. 2001. Pengelolaan Pakan Ikan. Makalah pada Pelatihan Manajer

Mutu, 22-31 Oktober 2001. BBAT. Sukabumi. 50 hal.

Research result

Mukti, A. T. dan W. H. Satyantini. 2003. Pemanfaatan Suplemen L-CanYrtine

untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan dan Pertumbuhan Larva Udang Galah

(Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man.). Lembaga Penelitian. Universitas

Airiangga. Surabaya. 50 hal.

Yuniarti, A. 1998. Pengaruh Pemberian Enzim Papain dalam Ransum Pakan Ikan

temadap Daya Cema Nutrien Ikan Gurami (Osphmnemus gouramy).

Fakultas Perikanan. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. 35 hal.

55

Research result which is not issued or published yet

Barizi, A. 2000. Teknik Perencanaan Linear untuk Penyusunan Rencana di

Bidang Pertanian. IPB. Bogor. 150 hal. (tidak diterbitkan).

Suprapto, H. 2001. Mechanisms of Humoral Defense Against Bacterial Infection

of Penaeus monodon After Vaccination with Vibrio Bacterin. 50 p.

(unpublished).

Article in encyclopedia

Julian, T. W. 1974Th. Goldfish. e Dell Encyclopedia of Tropical Fish. Dell

Publishing Co. Inc. pp. 93-96.

Morris, E. P. 1936. The Latin Language. Encyclopedia Americana, 17 : 47-48.

Undergraduate thesis/ thesis/ dissertation

Carman, O. 1992. Chromosome Set Manipulation in Some Warmwater Fish.

Doctoral Thesis. Tokyo University of Fisheries. Japan. 131 p.

Mukti, A. T. 2001. Poliploidisasi Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L). Tesis. Program

Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. 81 hal.

Sahly, A. F. 1993. Pengaruh Pemberian 17-Metiltestosteron (MT) dengan Dosis

Rendah terhadap Keberhasilan Perubahan Jenis Kelamin Ikan Nila Merah

(Oreochromis spp.). Skripsi. Budidaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan.

Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. 68 hal.

Suprapto, H. 1994. Studies on The Virulence Factors of Edwardsiella tarda.

Thesis. Hiroshima University. Japan. 100 p.

Internet

Hiroshi. 2003. L-Carnitine Lose Fat Fast and More (Higher Power L-Carnitine).

http://www.bodybuilding.com tanggal/bulan/tahun akses. 4 hal.

Premanathan, M., K. Kathiresan and H. Nakashima. 1999. Mangrove Halophytes:

A Sources of Antiviral Substances. South Pacific Study, Vol. 19, No. 1-2.

http://cpi.kagoshima-u.ac.jp. 21 Januari2009. 10 hal.

Takami, G. H. A., M. Amini and M. R. Naghavi. 2006. Masculinization Effect of

17a-Methyltestosterone on Developmental Stages of Guppy. J. Sci. and

Technol. Agric. & Natur. Resour., 10 (2): 1-15.

http://www.google.com/joumals. 10 Maret2009. 15 hal.

Takashi, K. 2003. L-Nutrition. http://www.l-men.com.tanggal/bulan/tahun akses.

5 hal.

Withnall, F. 2004. Biology of Yabbies (Cherax dextructor).

http://www.google.com/yabbies. 03/02/2009. 3 hal.

56

Appendix 17. Example of Writing and Adhering Table

Table 1. Water quality data maintenance of grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) in PT.

Bahari Sejahtera Situbondo

Container Time Temperature (°C)

pH DO (ppm)

C02

(ppm)

Morning 26,00 6,80 6,40 0,06

I Afternoon 29,15 7,60 5,68 0,03

Night 24,16 6,60 4,08 0,11

Morning 26,00 6,80 6,40 0,06

II Afternoon 29,15 7,60 5,68 0,03

Night 24,16 6,60 4,08 0,11

Morning 26,00 6,80 6,40 0,06

III Afternoon 29,15 7,60 5,68 0,03

Night 24,16 6,60 4,08 0,11

Table 2. Potential and condition of utilization of fisheries in East Java 1996

Business Potential production

(ton)

Production (ton)

Utilization (%)

1. Catching

North sea coastal of Bali and

Madura strait

South coastal and ZEE

Common aquatic

2. Aquaculture

Pond

Field pond

Pond, Minapadi dan Karamba

214.970,80

403.448,00

19.494,00

82.000,00

45.000,00

39.700,00

254.496,40

23.116,40

14.254,40

73.310,70

33.064,20

19.610,40

118,39

5,73

73,14

89,40

73,48

49,39

Total 804.612,80 419.117,10 52,09

Source: Fisheries Department of East Java (1998)

57

Table 3. Aquaculture production of ten district in east java

No. District Aquaculture Production12

Tambak Kolam Karamba Mina Sawah

Padi Tambak

1. Pacitan - 38,10 - - 20,70

2. Ponorogo - 92,40 1,10 0,20 -

3. Trenggalek - 50,50 - - -

4. Tulungagung 20,90 3,70 - - -

5. Blitar 288.00 1.211,50 15,30 89,80 -

6. Kediri - 469,40 - 121.97 -

7. Malang 172,20 50,60 6,20 11,40 -

8. Lumajang 350,80 170,40 403,00 16,00 -

9. Jember 478,70 247,00 3,40 34,90 -

10. Banyuwangi 2.109,10 66,30 3,00 - -

Information: 1 Unit production (ton)

2 Source: Fisheries Statistics (1996)

58

Appendix 18. Example of Writing and Adhering Figure

Figure 1. Measurement of fish body length during one year

Figure 2. Relative growth rate of goldfish (Cyprinus carpio) on period 110 days

59

Figure 1. Measurement of fish body length; male (a) and female (b)

Figure 2. Measurement of fish body length on maintenance result during one year

Information: a. Male

b. Female

60

Appendix 19. Example of Spelling Rules for Element Uptake from Foreign

Language

Asing Serapan Asing Serapan

Acclimatization Aklimatisasi Larvae Larva

Active Aktif Management Manajemen

Activity Aktivitas Morphology Morfologi

Aerobe Aerob Morphometric Morfometrik

Analysis Analisis Nucleolus Nukleolus

Aquaculture Akuakultur Nucleus Nukleus

Aquatic Akuatik Nutrient Nutrien

Autotrope Autotrop Oxygen Oksigen

Biology Biologi Percentage Persentase

Carbondioxyda Karbondioksida Phase Fase

Cell Sel Phosphor Fosfor

Central Sentral Phyllogenetic Filogenetik

Chemistry Kimia Physic Fisik

Chromosome Kromosom Physiology Fisiologi

Cycle Siklus Phytoplankton Fitoplankton

Classification Klasifikasi Poliploidyzation Poliploidisasi

Composition Komposisi Primair/ primary Primer

Construction Kontruksi Pseudo Pseudo

Contour Kontur Ptyalin Ptialin

Control Kontrol Qualiteit / quality Kualitas

Cubic Kubik Quantity Kuantitas

Culture Kultur Radiation Radiasi

Description Deskripsi Ratio Rasio

Effect Efek Rhytm Ritme

Effective Efektif Sample Sampel

Efficient Efisien Scheme Skema

Embryo Embrio Synthesis Sintesis

Energy Energi System Sistem

Equator Ekuator Tecnique Teknik

Excess Ekses Thrombosis Trombosis

Extra Ekstra Vaccine Vaksin

Frequency Frekuensi Zeolite Zeolit

Haemoglobin Hemoglobin Zygote Zigot

61

a. Oral Statement

The fisherman society is not comfort is they are called as poor fisherman a.

It is contrary with the statement of some experts.

-------------------------

a Information of Dr. Waluto Sempati (2000)

62

Appendix 21. Example of Map

Appendix 1. Accessibility map of National Park Meru Betiri in East Java

63

Appendix 22. Example of Sketch

Appendix 10. Sketch of spawning pond in PT. Mina Ardiso Farm

b

b b

b b

b

c c c

a a a a

Information:

a. Spawning pond

b. Larvae pond

c. Seed pond

U

B T

S

64

Appendix 23

Name : …………………………………

Student ID :………………………………….

Semester :………………………………….

Supervisor : 1. ………………………………

2………………………………...

Day/ Date :…………………………………..

Title :……………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………...

Background :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Problems :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Aims :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Benefits :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Methodology :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Surabaya, ………………………….

First Supervisor,

…………………………..

NIP.

SEMINAR PAPER OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL

AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

65

Appendix 24

Name : …………………………………

Student ID :………………………………….

Semester :………………………………….

Supervisor : 1. ………………………………

2………………………………...

Day/ Date :…………………………………..

Title :……………………………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………...

Background :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Problems :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Aims :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Benefits :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Methodology :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Result and Discussion :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion and Suggestion :

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

References

Surabaya, ………………………….

First Supervisor,

…………………………..

NIP.

SEMINAR PAPER OF RESEARCH RESULT

AQUACULTURE STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE

UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA