undergraduate complete... · · 2017-12-18with the physics undergraduate student handbook:...

Faculty of Engineering & Physical SciencesDepartment of Physics

Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK

UNDERGRADUATE

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Student Handbook: Level HE2 Module Details MPhys Physics MPhys Physics with Finance MPhys Physics with Nuclear Astrophysics MPhys Physics with Satellite Technology BSc Physics BSc Physics with Finance BSc Physics with Nuclear Astrophysics BSc Physics with Satellite Technology Academic Year 2010-2011

CONTENTS Introduction and Examination Overview.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Undergraduate Programme Modules Summary Table .. .. .. .. .. 3 Undergraduate Programme Modules – Detailed Descriptions PHY2056 Mathematical, Quantum & Computational Physics Module 5 PHY2015 Classical Physics Module .. .. .. .. 10 PHY2017 Modern Physics Module .. .. .. .. 14 PHY2024 Specialist Physics A Module .. .. .. 19 PHY2025 Specialist Physics B .. .. .. .. 24 PHY2026 Specialist Physics C .. .. .. .. 29 PHY2021 Finance Specialist Module .. .. .. .. 33

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INTRODUCTION This Annex provides details of the individual taught modules for Level HE2 (second year) of the MPhys/BSc Physics (P), MPhys/BSc Physics with Finance (PwF), MPhys/BSc Physics with Nuclear Astrophysics (PNA) and MPhys/BSc Physics with Satellite Technology (PST) degree courses. This Annex should be read in conjunction with the Physics Undergraduate Student Handbook: Programme Information and Structure, which contains details of the overall degree structures, regulations, staffing and assessments. All degree programmes are structured as a number of interrelated component modules. At Level HE2, the majority of these modules are prescribed modules and are common to students on all degree programmes. All students take modules PHY2056, PHY2015 and PHY2017. Students then take the appropriate specialised module for their course as shown in the attached table, with MPhys Physics and BSc Physics students selecting one of three specialised modules available. Time is also reserved each week to allow students to attend modern languages courses provided by the European Language Teaching Centre of the University. It is expected that French, German, Spanish and Italian classes will be available at a number of levels. Each Level HE2 30 credit module is designed around a minimum student workload of 300 hours. In addition, the precise number of weekly timetabled hours for each module differs according to the nature of the activity associated with the module. Each module is made up of a number of lecture components (or laboratory). Each module is assessed by a combination of coursework and/or examination, as described in the individual module descriptions. The examination component of the HE2 assessment is described below, summarizing information that is included in the individual module descriptions. Paper I and V all take place during the examination period at the end of Semester 2. Here, ‘UoA’ means ‘Unit of Assessment’ and ‘examination UoA’ means that part of a module that is assessed by examination, as specified in the module description. Further details of the assessment are included in the Physics Undergraduate Student Handbook. Overview of HE2 Examinations Paper I: Mathematical, Quantum and Computational Physics (Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics) 2.5 hour examination comprising sections on; • Mathematics IV answering 2 from 3 questions • Quantum Physics answering 2 from 3 questions. Worth 75% of the Mathematical Quantum and Computational Physics examination unit of assessment. Paper II: Classical Physics (Thermal Physics, Electromagnetism and Statistical Physics) 3 hour examination comprising sections on; • Thermal Physics answering 2 from 3 questions; • Electromagnetism answering 2 from 3 questions; • Statistical Physics answering 1 from 2 questions. Worth 75% of the Classical Physics examination unit of assessment.

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Paper III: Modern Physics (Solid State Physics, Nuclear Physics and Atomic Physics) 3 hour examination comprising sections on; • Solid State Physics answering 2 from 3 questions; • Nuclear Physics answering 2 from 3 questions; • Atomic Physics answering 1 from 2 questions. Worth 75% of the Modern Physics examination unit of assessment. Paper IV: Specialist Physics (Electromagnetic Waves, Additional Mechanics, Galaxies and Large Scale Structures, Exploring the Solar System and Radiation Detection and Measurement) Maximum of a 2.5 hour examination comprising sections on; • Electromagnetic waves answering 1 from 2 questions; • Additional Mechanics answering 1 from 2 questions; • Galaxies and Large Scale Structures answering 1 from 2 questions; • Exploring the Solar System answering 2 from 3 questions; • Radiation Detection and Measurement answering 1 from 2 questions. Note students sit only the sections appropriate to their own programme of study. Worth 100% of the Specialist Physics examination unit of assessment. Paper V: Physics Paper (Type A) (MQCP, Classical and Modern) 3 hour examination comprising sections on; • Mathematical, Quantum and Computational Physics answering 4 questions; • Classical Physics answering 5 questions; • Modern Physics answering 5 questions. (NB: This examination paper will be taken last once students have sat all other examination papers) Worth 25% of the Mathematical, Quantum and Computational Physics, Classical Physics and Modern Physics examination unit of assessment. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information concerning the course of study and contained herein is accurate. The Department reserves the right to introduce changes to the information given including the addition, withdrawal or restructuring of individual modules and of the course of study.

Undergraduate Programme Modules

Level HE2 (Second Year), 2010-2011 Session

Degree Programme

Module Title Credits Components

All programmes Mathematical, Quantum and Computational Physics (PHY2056)

30

Mathematics IV Quantum Physics Computational Mathematics Computational Modelling

All programmes Classical Physics (PHY2015)

30

Electromagnetism Thermal Physics Statistical Physics Experimentation (Classical)

All programmes Modern Physics (PHY2017)

30

Solid State Physics Nuclear Physics Atomic Physics Experimentation (Modern)

MPhys and BSc Physics *

Specialist Physics 2A (PHY2024)

30

Electromagnetic Waves Additional Mechanics Modelling Complex Systems Galaxies and Large Scale Structures Experimentation (Physics)

MPhys and BSc Physics * MPhys and BSc Physics with Nuclear Astrophysics

Specialist Physics 2B (PHY2025)

30

Electromagnetic Waves Additional Mechanics Radiation Detection and Measurement Galaxies and Large Scale Structures Experimentation (Physics/PNA)

MPhys and BSc Physics * MPhys and BSc Physics with Satellite Technology

Specialist Physics 2C (PHY2026)

30

Electromagnetic Waves Radiation Detection and Measurement Exploring the Solar System Experimentation (Physics/PST)

MPhys and BSc Physics with Finance

Finance 2 (PHY2021)

30

Electromagnetic Waves Modelling Complex Systems Business Finance

Electives Modern Languages * MPhys/BSc Physics students must choose one of the three specialist physics modules 2A, 2B or 2C.

Compulsory module for all programmes

Compulsory module for this programme

Module Title: Mathematical, Quantum and Computational Physics

Module Module SITS ID: PHY2056 Level: HE2 Number of Credits: 30 Module Co-ordinator: Dr RPL Sear Module Components: Mathematics IV

Quantum Physics Computational Mathematics Computational Modelling

Dr RPL Sear Dr DA Faux Dr RPL Sear Dr RPL Sear

Module Availability: Semester 1 and Semester 2 Assessment Pattern Unit(s) of Assessment Assessment Weighting Mathematics IV Examination 25% Quantum Physics Examination 25% Computational Mathematics Coursework (Semester 1) 17% Mathematics IV Class Test (Semester 1) 8% Quantum Physics Coursework (Semester 2) 8% Computational Modelling Coursework (Semester 2) 17% Qualifying Condition(s): University general regulations refer. Assessment Schedule Examination Paper 1 (June): 2.5 hour examination consisting of; Answer 2 from 3 questions on Mathematics IV Answer 2 from 3 questions on Quantum Physics (weighted at 75% of the MCQP examination Unit of Assessment for each of Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics) Examination Paper 5 (June): 3 hour examination consisting of sections on Mathematical Quantum and Computational Physics (PHY2056), Classical Physics (PHY2015) and Modern Physics (PHY2017); Answer 4 questions on Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics, in total (weighted at 25% of the MCQP examination Unit of Assessment for each of Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics) Semester 1 Coursework: Computational Mathematics – 1 feedback and 3 assessed computational assignments, Mathematics IV Class Test during week 15 Semester 2 Coursework: Quantum Physics Coursework Computational Modelling – report on modelling project Pre-requisite/Co-requisites PH1031 - Waves, Particles and Quanta Module or equivalent PH1012 – Mathematics Module PH1011 - Computational Laboratory component, or equivalent Module Overview Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics: Mathematical and Quantum Physics are delivered by lecture and tutorial periods. The mathematics element deals with the vector calculus, the structure and methods of solution, both analytical and

Date Last Revised: 23/09/2010

numerical, of homogeneous and inhomogeneous second order ordinary differential equations. Mathematics IV also introduces partial differential equations in Cartesian coordinates and involving time. The Quantum Physics elements form a first course in the basic formalism of quantum mechanics, its physical interpretation and its application to simple problems. The emphasis is on elementary (one-dimensional) quantum physics, eigenfunctions in one-dimensional step potentials and barrier potentials and their interpretation in terms of transmission and reflection coefficients. Tunnelling and the concept of a bound state are discussed. Computational Mathematics and Computational Modelling: Through the Level HE1 Computational Laboratory work or equivalent, students will be assumed to have acquired a working knowledge of the required computing facilities, the use of editors and some experience in writing shorter programs in the FORTRAN 90/95 programming language. The Computational Mathematics component (autumn) includes 10 one hour computing laboratory sessions in which the student will carry out four (one formative, three summative) assessed Computational Mathematics assignments to implement the taught numerical methods. These include applications that are relevant to the quantum physics component. The Computational Modelling component (spring) comprises a six week computational physics/IT based project. This component uses the students’ previous experience in computer literacy to extend their experiences through a computer-based investigation of a topic of particular relevance to their chosen field of study or specialist degree programme. Module Aims Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics: To introduce the physical significance and properties of the gradient, divergence and curl operators and to give some practice in their use. To introduce ∇2 in preparation for a discussion of the equations of the mathematical physics. To familiarise and through worked examples provide expertise in the analytical and numerical solution of differential equations required for modelling quantum mechanical and other physical systems in one and more dimensions and involving time. To introduce the concept of a complex probability amplitude and how to calculate with it and make physical predictions. To introduce the role of the Schrödinger equation in quantum dynamics. To develop the properties of a linear operator, its eigenvalue spectrum and properties of its eigenfunctions. To provide methods to calculate bound state eigenfunctions in an infinite square well potential. To explore one-dimensional quantum systems such as finite barriers and finite wells, their applications, and to introduce concepts such as orthogonality, parity, Hermiticity and completeness. To develop proficiency in the application of mathematical methods to these problems. Computational Mathematics and Computational Modelling: The aims of the Computational Mathematics component are to further develop computational skills and give practical experience in implementing some of the key algorithms used for modelling in quantum physics and related fields. The aims of the Computational Modelling component are two-fold: 1. To write a moderate-sized computer program to model a given physical process. 2. To use the program to investigate the underlying physics of the given process. Learning Outcomes Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics: Mathematics: Students will recognise and will be able to use the operators of vector calculus, to classify homogeneous and inhomogeneous systems of linear differential equations, and be able to apply several methods of solution in simple cases. Students will have an appreciation of, and an ability to solve, partial differential equations in Cartesian coordinates and involving time, and will have gained a familiarity in the forms of the solutions in physically interesting cases. Quantum Physics


i. Recognition of leading role of the wave function in quantum mechanics ii. To calculate probability densities, probabilities, means, uncertainties (standard deviations) iii. To compare and contrast time evolution in quantum and classical mechanics, and the role of

the Hamiltonian. iv. To use operators, operator expressions, commutators; to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors

of common operators; to use the relation between eigensolutions and results of measurements

v. To find and interpret QM eigensolutions of an infinite square well vi. To use superpositions of energy eigenstates: to find their time evolution and interpret their

probability densities. vii. .To solve Schrodinger's equation for step and barrier potentials; to find transmission and

reflection coefficients; to compare quantum and classical results viii. To solve Schrodinger's equation for a square well potential after parity separation; to find and

interpret bound states ix. To find, interpret and use eigenfunction expansions x. To revise and integrate the module material in solving problems. Computational Mathematics and Computational Modelling: Through the Computational Mathematics component, students will be able to solve linear and non-linear differential equations numerically using simple finite difference algorithms (in FORTRAN 90/95) and will have an appreciation of the accuracy of the methods used. They should be able to apply these methods to related problems. Through the Computational Modelling component, students should have: - developed their ability to write moderate-sized computer programs to model physical

processes; - An improved confidence in developing and writing computer programs for scientific applications - an awareness of the value and also of the limitations of numerical methods in the simulation of

physical systems They will have gained a deeper understanding of the physical processes and principles underlying the particular system they have modelled. Module Content Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics: Mathematics IV Introduction to the physical significance and properties of the gradient, divergence and curl operators and to ∇2 for use in equations of the mathematical physics. Review of the solution of first-order ordinary differential equations: use of integrating factors. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous ordinary second order differential equations: the source term and its physical interpretation, arbitrary constants of solution and boundary conditions. The solution of equations with constant coefficients: the complementary function, the particular integral; the general solution, development of the D operator technique of solution, the characteristic equation, detailed solution of second order equations with constant coefficients. Equations with functional coefficients: equations of Cauchy form, solution by series, the method of Frobenius, indicial equations; recurrence relations, convergence, the method of variation of parameters. Introduction to equations of more than one variable: The equations of mathematical physics, Laplace's equation, the wave equation, the diffusion equation, Poisson's equation; coordinate systems, ∇2 in Cartesian systems, arbitrary functions of solution and boundary conditions. Discussion of the method of separable solutions: introduction to separable solutions in Cartesian coordinates and in time, the use of Fourier series.


Quantum Physics The Schrödinger equation for a point particle (electron) moving in 1-D in a potential field V(x). Ψ as a position probability amplitude. Calculations of │Ψ│2 for various complex forms of Ψ. Probability interpretation. Probability density. de Broglie waves and the invention of the Schrödinger equation. Uncertainty principle. Connection between Schrödinger equation and classical expression for total energy of a particle. Contrast between Newtonian and Schrödinger description of time evolution of state. Comparison of role of Newton's Laws and Schrödinger equation. Calculation of average values of functions of x using probabilistic interpretation of ≥Ψ≥2. Definition of <f(x)>,Δx. Basic ideas about linear operators. Algebra of operators. The commutator and its properties. The momentum operator and its eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. The Hamiltonian operator. Energy as eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian. The Schrödinger equation for complex systems with a classical Hamiltonian. Interpretation of Ψ for systems with many degrees of freedom. Physical interpretation of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues in terms of measurements. The one-dimensional box (or infinite square well). Dependence of the eigenvalue spectrum on the size of the box. Degeneracy. Eigenfunctions of the position operator. Connection between eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian and solutions of the Schrödinger equation. Stationary states. General solution of the Schrödinger equation as a superposition of energy eigenstates. Physical meaning of the expansion coefficients. Simple examples of time dependent probability amplitudes, e.g., particle initially in one half of a box. Completeness. Expectation value in terms of expansion coefficients. Energy eigenfunctions for step potentials: Classically forbidden regions. Comparison with Newtonian predictions. Reflections and transmission coefficients. Applications to neutron scattering from a nucleus. Penetration in depth. The barrier potential. Tunnelling. Solutions with definite parity. Approximation for tunnelling probability for a barrier of arbitrary shape. α - decay. Energy eigenfunctions for step potentials: Classically forbidden regions. Comparison with Newtonian predictions. Reflections and transmission coefficients. Applications to neutron scattering from a nucleus. Penetration depth. The barrier potential. Tunnelling. Solutions with definite parity. Approximation for tunnelling probability for a wide barrier. Ramsauer effect and neutron size resonances. Comparison with optics. α-decay. Approximate formula for tunnelling probability for a barrier of arbitrary shape and for a Coulomb barrier. Deuteron fusion at room temperature and in the sun. The square well potential. Bound states. Parity. Dependence of number of bound states on depth and width of the hole. General expansion of Ψ in complete sets of eigenfunctions and physical interpretation of the coefficients. Expression for expectation value in terms of coefficients. Comparison with Fourier series. Orthogonality of eigenfunctions. Formula for expansion coefficients as an overlap integral. Deduction of formula for expectation value in terms of Ψ. Applications to simple Ψ. The Correspondence Principle. Newtonian mechanics as a limiting case of quantum mechanics. Condition for validity of Newtonian description. Computational Mathematics and Computational Modelling: Computational Mathematics Discussion of algorithms for the solution of ordinary differential equations: discussion of the methods of Euler (simple, modified, improved) and Runge-Kutta and numerical studies of their accuracy for solution of first order equations. Second order equations expressed as a pair of coupled first order equations, solution of second order differential equations using the methods of Euler and Runge-Kutta, treatment of one point and two point boundary conditions. Elementary


discussion of finite difference methods for the solution of partial differential equations: application to the solution of Laplace's equation in 2D (Cartesian coordinates), the treatment of Dirichlet (constant) and Neumann (derivative) type boundary conditions. Computational Modelling A six half-day computational modelling project on a topic of particular relevance to the chosen field of study or degree course. The precise nature of the projects will vary from year to year, and the student will have a degree of choice. Typical project topics include Waves in an Annular Drum, Schrödinger Equation for the Harmonic Oscillator, Three-Body Interactions, Fourier Analysis of an EEG, Neural Networks, Chaotic Billiards and The Travelling Salesman Problem. Methods of Teaching/Learning Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics: Mathematics IV and Quantum Physics are each delivered as 44 hours of lectures, tutorial or workshop periods taught throughout the academic year. Computational Mathematics and Computational Modelling: Computational Mathematics is delivered as 5 lectures on numerical methods and 10 hours of computing sessions. Computational Modelling is delivered as 24 hours in computer laboratory format, timetabled as 4 hours per week. The computing laboratories are available to students outside timetabled periods. Selected Texts/Journals

1. Mary L Boas, Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences, Wiley, 1983. 2. G Arfken and H Webber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, [5th Edition], Academic Press. 3. K F Riley, M P Hobson and S J Bence, Mathematical Methods for the Physical Sciences,

Cambridge University Press. 4. B H Bransden and C J Joachain, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Longman 5. P T Matthews, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill. 6. P C W Davies and D Betts, Quantum Mechanics. 7. I S Sokolnikoff and R M Redheffer, Mathematics of Physics and Modern Engineering,

McGraw Hill, 1965. It is strongly advised that students buy one of 1, 2 and 3 for the Mathematical Physics part of the course. Text 3. is more advanced than 1 and 2. Reference 4 is the recommended book for the Quantum Physics component and will also serve Level HE3 Quantum Physics. Texts 5, 6 and 7 are recommended reading. The following are provided for further reading:

1. M Chester, Primer of Quantum Mechanics, Wiley. 2. Greenhow, Introductory Quantum Mechanics. 3. R Eisberg and R Resnick, Quantum Physics, Wiley

Computational Modelling: Texts/Journals are specific to the individual project undertaken.



Module Title: Classical Physics Module Module SITS ID: PHY2015 Level: HE2 Number of Credits: 30 Module Co-ordinator: Dr AB Dalton Module Components: Electromagnetism

Thermal Physics Statistical Physics Experimentation (Classical)

Dr AB Dalton Professor JL Keddie Dr RPL Sear Dr AB Dalton (Coordinator)

Module Availability: Semester 1 and Semester 2 Assessment Pattern Unit(s) of Assessment Weighting Towards Module

Mark( %) Electromagnetism Examination 23% Thermal Physics Examination 23% Statistical Physics Examination 17% Semester 1 Coursework; Electromagnetism Class Test 10% Semester 1 Coursework; Thermal Physics Class Test 10% Laboratory (Classical) 17% Qualifying Condition(s): University general regulations refer. Assessment Schedule Examination Paper 2 (June): 3 hour examination consisting of; Answering 2 from 3 questions on Electromagnetism Answering 2 from 3 questions on Thermal Physics Answering 1 from 2 questions on Statistical Physics (weighted at 75% of the Classical Physics examination unit of assessment for each of Electromagnetism, Thermal Physics and Statistical Physics) Examination Paper 5 (June): 3 hour examination consisting of sections on Mathematical Quantum and Computational Physics (PHY2056), Classical Physics (PHY2015) and Modern Physics (PHY2017); Answer 5 questions on Electromagnetism, Thermal Physics and Statistical Physics (weighted at 25% of the Classical Physics examination unit of assessment for each of Electromagnetism, Thermal Physics and Statistical Physics) Coursework (Semester 1): Electromagnetism Class Test (week 15) Thermal Physics Class Test (week 15) Laboratory (Semester 1): Laboratory Diary aggregate (8.5%) Laboratory Report/Oral Presentation (8.5%) Note: the weight of each laboratory mark to the total module mark is indicated Pre-requisite/Co-requisites Electromagnetism and Thermal Physics: PHY1031 – Waves, Particles and Quanta module or equivalent PHY1012 – Mathematics Module


Experimentation (Classical): PHY1011 – Experimental Physics Module Module Overview Electromagnetism: These lectures form a two-part course that provides a full treatment of electromagnetism theory and its applications to a range of traditional applications and problems. Thermal Physics: A description of the classical Laws of Thermodynamics and their application to a range of problems in thermodynamic systems. Statistical Physics: An introduction to the basic ideas of statistical physics and thermodynamics, this course acts as an essential primer for the Level HE3 Physics of Uncertainty module. Experimentation (Classical): A six half-day laboratory consisting of a series of two-week experiments designed to supplement the lecture material and to give a varied experience of classical physics phenomena. Module Aims Electromagnetism: Starting from basic principles such as Coulomb’s Law, this component gives an introduction to basic electromagnetism, theory, applications and problem-solving, developing over a series of lectures eventually to establish three of Maxwell’s equations. Thermal Physics: To introduce the basic principles of classical equilibrium thermodynamics. To explain and apply the four Laws of Thermodynamics in problem solving. To introduce the concepts of entropy and free energy and to understand their relevance in the world. To develop skills in using mathematics to describe thermodynamic processes. Statistical Physics: This course introduces the basic ideas of statistical physics, the area of physics used to study systems such as gases, liquids and solids, which have large numbers of possible states. It will introduce the basic ideas of statistical physics, study a simple application, and demonstrate why thermodynamics works for macroscopic objects. Experimentation (Classical): To build on the foundation of earlier practical classes and emphasize the motivations for performing experiments both to verify theory and to improve understanding. The importance of keeping a laboratory notebook (diary) and the clear presentation of results will be stressed. Learning Outcomes Electromagnetism: The outcomes are competence in basic electromagnetic theory, applications and problem solving, and an appreciation of the fundamental importance of EM to many other fields in physics Thermal Physics: The student will gain competence in classical thermodynamics and appreciate its fundamental importance in the physical world. The student will develop an understanding of the four Laws of Thermodynamics and will gain an ability to apply them in the analysis of simple thermodynamic systems. The student will know the definitions of thermodynamic terms and will be able to solve algebraic and numerical problems in thermodynamics. Statistical Physics: You should be able to state Shannon’s expression for the entropy and the partition function at constant temperature, and derive both the Boltzmann weight of a state at constant temperature


and also the weight of a state at constant chemical potential/Fermi level. You should also understand why a statistical approach is required in the study of matter such as gases, liquids and solids. In addition you should be familiar with the role of fluctuations, and be able to calculate the properties of the two-level system. Also, the expression for the partition function for a simple classical particle and the equipartition theorem. Experimentation (Classical): On successful completion you should be able to perform an experiment of intermediate difficulty, either involving practical or computational skills, by following written instruction. You will be able to keep a comprehensive diary of activity, recording results in a form useful to others, and to complete a full by selective report, based on the diary, in the style of a scientific paper. The specific practical skills gained will vary according to the choice of experiments. Module Content Electromagnetism: The basic principles of electrostatics, dielectrics and magnetism are laid down. Three of Maxwell's integral equations are established. Electric charge, Coulomb's Law, Electric Field E, Principle of Superposition, Electrostatic Potential V, Conservative nature of E, Equipotentials, Flux, Gauss's Law, Insulators & Conductors, Capacitors, Energy of a charged capacitor. Energy storage in E-field, Dielectrics, Electric Polarisation P, Electric Displacement D, first Maxwell equation, Dielectric permittivity, Electric Susceptibility, Dielectric Screening, Boundary conditions for D and E. Electric current and current density j, Charge continuity, Magnetic field B, Biot-Savart Law, Gauss' Law for magnetism (second Maxwell equation), Force between two conductors, The Amp, Lorentz force, Hall effect, Ampere's Law. Electromagnetic Induction, Faraday’s Law (third Maxwell equation), Mutual and self inductance, Energy storage in B-field, Magnetic torque, Magnetic dipoles. Thermal Physics: The basic principles of classical thermodynamics are introduced and applied to a range of simple systems (mainly solids and gases). The module will closely follow the first eight chapters of Finn's Thermal Physics. Main topics (in order of presentation) are Temperature (thermal equilibrium, Zeroth Law, equations of state, scales); Work (reversibility; thermodynamic method, sign convention and calculations); First Law (heat, heat capacity, ideal gases); Second Law (Carnot cycles, efficiency, Kelvin and Clausius statements; heat engines and refrigerators); Entropy (definitions, principle of increasing entropy, ideal gases, heat death); Maxwell's relations (thermodynamic potentials, free energies); Thermodynamic relations (difference and ratio of heat capacities; partial differentials); Applications and examples, as time permits. Statistical Physics: A course introducing the statistical description of macroscopic matter in terms of the microscopic constituents, with applications that include the underpinning of the laws of thermodynamics, and the thermal properties of gases and condensed matter.

It includes Shannon’s expression for the entropy and the partition function at constant temperature, the Boltzmann weight of a state at constant temperature and also the weight of a state at constant chemical potential/Fermi level. Also the role of fluctuations. An application to a simple system: a two-level system at fixed temperature. Finally, the expression for the partition function for a simple classical particle and the equipartition theorem.


Experimentation (Classical): You will perform a selection of three experiments with the general theme of electromagnetism, thermal physics, etc. You will produce 6 lab diary entries and either a full report or oral presentation on one experiment. You will receive detailed marking and feedback on how to improve the usefulness of both, to yourself and others. Typical experiments include: measurement of e/m for the electron, Coulomb's Law, a macroscopic model of nuclear magnetic resonance, plotting of magnetic fields and application to magnetic resonance imaging, waves in transmission lines, adiabatic gas expansion, thermal radiation, and others. Methods of Teaching/Learning Electromagnetism: 39 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Thermal Physics: 39 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Statistical Physics: 12 Hours of lecture classes. Experimentation (Classical): Six four-hour laboratory sessions. Selected Texts/Journals Electromagnetism: i. Grant & Philips, Electromagnetism, Wiley. ii. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, [Extended Fifth Edition], Wiley. Thermal Physics: Required Reading: i. C B P Finn, Thermal Physics, Chapman & Hall [Library code 536.7]. Recommended Reading: i. C J Adkins, Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Cambridge [Library code 536.7] ii. M W Zemansky & R H Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Int., 7th Edition

[Previous editions in the library are by the first author only, 536.7]. Statistical Physics: i. M. Glazer and J. S. Wark, Statistical Mechanics: A Survival Guide, (Oxford). ii. K. Huang, Introduction to Statistical Physics, (Taylor and Francis). iii. D. Chandler, Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics, (Oxford). Experimentation (Classical): Required Reading: i. Laboratory instruction sheets provided. ii. Physics Laboratory Handbook: Level 1, Physics Department. Recommended Reading: i. Squires, Practical Physics, McGraw Hill.

Date Last Revised: 23/09/2010 17

Module Title: Modern Physics Module Module SITS ID: PHY2017 Level: HE2 Number of Credits: 30 Module Co-ordinator: Professor WN Catford Module Components: Solid State Physics

Nuclear Physics Atomic Physics Experimentation (Modern)

Professor SJ Sweeney Professor WN Catford Dr S Clowes Dr AB Dalton (Coordinator)


Mark(%) Solid State Physics Examination 23% Nuclear Physics Examination 33% Atomic Physics Examination 13% Coursework (SS/AP Class Test) 13% Laboratory (Modern) 18% Qualifying Condition(s): University general regulations refer. Assessment Schedule Examination Paper 3 (June): 3 hour examination consisting of; Answering 2 from 3 questions on Solid State Physics Answering 2 from 3 questions on Nuclear Physics Answering 1 from 2 questions on Atomic Physics (weighted at 75% of the Modern Physics examination unit of assessment for each of Solid State Physics, Nuclear Physics and Atomic Physics) Examination Paper 5 (June): 3 hour examination consisting of sections on Mathematical Quantum and Computational Physics (PHY2056), Classical Physics (PHY2015) and Modern Physics (PHY2017); Answer 5 questions on Solid State Physics, Nuclear Physics and Atomic Physics (weighted at 25% of the Modern Physics examination unit of assessment for each of Solid State Physics, Nuclear Physics and Atomic Physics) Coursework (Semester 1): Solid State Physics (10%)/Atomic Physics Class Test (3%)(week 15) Note: the weight of each part of the text to the total module mark is indicated. Laboratory (Semester 2): Laboratory Diary aggregate (9%) Laboratory Report/Oral Presentation (9%) Note: the weight of each Laboratory mark to the total module mark is indicated. Pre-requisite/Co-requisites Solid State, Nuclear Physics and Atomic Physics: PHY1031 - Waves, Particles and Quanta module or equivalent PHY1012 –Mathematics Module Experimentation (Modern): PH1011 - Experimental Physics Module


Module Overview Solid State Physics: A treatment of classical solid state physics, including crystal structure, phonons and the role of specific heat, the free electron theory of metals and band theory. Nuclear Physics: Introducing the key aspects of modern nuclear physics, including nuclear properties, radioactive decay, nuclear models and the principles and applications of nuclear reactions and fission. Atomic Physics: To both revise and build upon Atoms, Molecules and Quanta at Level HE1 and extend discussion of stability of many-electron systems and of basic molecular spectra. Experimentation (Modern): A six half-day laboratory consisting of a series of two-week experiments designed to supplement the lecture material and to give a varied experience of modern physics phenomena. Module Aims Solid State Physics: To develop the student’s knowledge and understanding of some key concepts in solid state physics, including in particular, crystal dynamics, free electrons in metals and energy bands. Nuclear Physics: To develop an understanding of simple nuclear properties, radioactive decay, basic nuclear models, nuclear reactions and their application. Atomic Physics: To build on the students understanding atomic physics from the level HE1 course using a more rigorous approach to the theory. Expand this work to cover multi-electron atoms and introduce the student to molecular physics and spectroscopic techniques. Experimentation (Modern): To build on the foundation of earlier practical classes and emphasize the motivations for performing experiments both to verify theory and to improve understanding. The importance of keeping a laboratory notebook (diary) and the clear presentation of results will be stressed. Learning Outcomes Solid State Physics: The student will be able to describe the modes of vibration of a crystal lattice and how these lead to a successful theory of specific heat; the relationship between specific heat and conductivity (electrical and thermal); and the key aspects that differentiate conductors, semi conductors and insulators. Nuclear Physics: When you have finished this module you should be able to: - describe the magnitude and origin of simple nuclear properties; - derive the Activity of a Daughter nucleus in terms of the Parent Activity; - extend the derivation to specific radioactive equilibrium problems; - describe and classify the modes of decay of nuclei and describe the resulting emission spectra; - explain the different terms contributing to the semi-empirical mass formula; - understand the basis of the nuclear shell model; - know the difference between direct and compound nuclear reactions; - calculate excitation energies of compound nuclei, threshold kinetic energy for an endothermic

reaction, energies of projectiles after elastic and inelastic scattering; - understand the way a simple nuclear reactor operates.


Atomic Physics: When you have completed this module you should have a good understanding of the quantum mechanics of the atomic structure of both single and many electron systems and use this understanding to explain observed atomic spectra, including fine and hyper structure. You should be able to calculate the ground state of atoms using Hund’s rules. You should also understand how atomic physics can be applied to molecular interactions of diatomic molecules and understand the rotational and vibration of these molecules and the associated techniques of Raman and ESR. Experimentation (Modern): On successful completion you will be able to perform an experiment of intermediate difficulty, either involving practical or computational skills, by following written instruction. You will be able to keep a comprehensive diary of the activity, recording results in a form useful to others, and to complete a full but selective report, based on the diary, in the style of a scientific paper. The specific practical skills gained will vary according to the choice of the experiments. Module Content Solid State Physics: This component comprises a set of 24 lectures in solid state physics with a large group tutorial support. Through the Level HE1 prescribed physics courses, all students with have acquired a knowledge of basic properties of matter, wave like behavior and an introduction to simple quantum mechanical concepts. This course builds on that knowledge to introduce some of the key concepts in solid state physics, including crystal dynamics, free electrons in metals and energy bands. Crystals: Crystal lattice, reciprocal lattice, vibrations and diffraction Lattice Dynamics: Phonons, density of states, Debye theory of lattice specific heat, thermal conductivity Free Electron Theory of Metals: Occupation of states by Fermi-Dirac statistics, Fermi energy. Electronic specific heat, Electrical conductivity. Band Theory: E-k relation, Brillouin zones, band structure (energy gaps and band overlap), low dimensional systems and quantum structures (density of states), distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators. Nuclear Physics: A first course in the physics of the nucleus. Introduction: Terminology, scattering definitions, Rutherford Scattering, units. Nuclear Properties: Size, mass, spin, magnetic moment, binding energy, stability. Radioactive Decay: Basic concept, mean life, half-life, decay sequences, branching. Secular and transient equilibrium. Beta decay: isobar mass curves, beta spectrum. Alpha decay: relationship to binding energy per nucleon (B/A), alpha spectrum, kinematics of decay. Gamma decay: association with alpha-, beta-decay. Selection rules for beta and gamma decay. Nuclear Models: Semi-empirical mass formula: liquid drop models. Fit to B/A versus A curve. Discrepancies – magic numbers. Shell model: infinite square well, harmonic oscillator potentials, need for spin-orbit potential, Pauli principle, pairing. Nuclear Reactions: Definitions: endothermic and exothermic reactions. Threshold energy. Kinematics. Centre of mass reference frame. Direct, compound nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission and applications: Nuclear fission: prompt and delayed neutrons, liquid drop description, energy release, fission barrier, mass distribution. Fission reactor: chain reaction, multiplication constant, critical condition, crucial role of delayed neutrons, four factor formula, corrections for losses. Atomic Physics: Introduction with review of:


(i) Hydrogen atom – spectroscopic notation and quantum numbers (ii) Spin-orbit interaction and its effects upon atomic spectra (iii) Pauli exclusion principle and electron spin (iv) Multi-electron atoms – shells and sub-shells Structure/spectrum of Helium – the exchange interaction Atoms with several valence electrons States of total angular momentum using the m-scheme The use of jj and LS coupling and selection rules. Hund’s rules for ground states of multi-electron atoms Orbit-orbit and spin-spin interactions: connection to Hund’s rules Role of the nucleus: Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure Spectral line broadening (natural and Doppler) Inter-atomic potential energy Born-Oppenheimer approximation and separation of separation of spectra Diatomic molecules and their vibrational and rotational spectra Molecular electronic spectra: Raman and ESR spectra Experimentation (Modern): You will perform a selection of three experiments with the general theme of nuclear physics, atomic physics, semiconductor physics, etc. You will produce 6 lab diary entries and either a full report or oral presentation on one experiment. You will receive detailed marking and feedback on how to improve the usefulness of both, to yourself and others. Typical experiments include: Muon lifetime, α, β and γ- spectroscopy, Compton scattering, γ-γ correlations, Rutherford scattering, Positron annihilation, Radiation decontamination, X-ray diffraction of crystals, semiconductor laser diode physics, photoluminescence, and others. Methods of Teaching/Learning Solid State Physics: 39 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Nuclear Physics: 39 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Atomic Physics: 12 Hours of lecture classes. Experimentation (Modern): Six 4-hour laboratory sessions. Selected Texts/Journals Solid State Physics: Recommended Reading: i. C Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley. ii. J S Blakemore, Solid State Physics, Cambridge University Press. Advanced Reading: i. Ashcroft and Mermin, Solid State Physics, Holt Rinehart and Winston. Elementary Reading: i. Rudden and Wilson, Elements of Solid State Physics, Wiley. ii. H M Rosenberg, The Solid State, Oxford, [Third Edition], 1990. Nuclear Physics: i. K S Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-85914-1. ii. J S Lilley, Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications, Wiley, ISBN 4-471-97936-8. Atomic Physics: Recommended reading: 1. H. Haken and H.C. Wolfe, the Physics of Atoms and Quanta, 7th Edition, Springer.


2. R. Eisberg and R. Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles, 2nd Edition, Wiley. 3. G. Herzberg, Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure, Dover Publications. 4. B.H. Bransden and C.J. Joachain, The Physics of Atoms and Molecules, Prentice-Hall 5. H.E. White, Introduction to Atomic Spectra, McGraw Hill 6. T.P. Softley, Atomic Spectra, Oxford Overview: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/atomstructcon.html#c1 Experimentation (Modern): Required Reading: i. Laboratory instruction sheets provided. ii. Physics Laboratory Handbook: Level 1, Physics Department. Recommended Reading: Squires, Practical Physics, McGraw Hill..


Module Title: Specialist Physics A Module Module SITS ID: PHY2024 Level: HE2 Number of Credits: 30 Module Co-ordinator: Professor JL Keddie Module Components: Electromagnetic Waves

Additional Mechanics Modelling Complex Systems Galaxies & Large Scale Structures Experimentation (Physics)

Dr AB Dalton Professor JA Tostevin Dr PD Stevenson Dr TJC Hosea Dr AB Dalton (Coordinator)


Mark( %) Electromagnetic Waves Examination 17% Additional Mechanics Examination 17% Galaxies and Large Scale Structures Examination 17% MCS Coursework 17% Laboratory (Physics) 32% Qualifying Condition(s): University general regulations refer. Note: Modelling Complex Systems has no examination Assessment Schedule Examination Paper 4 (June): 2.5 hour (maximum) examination consisting of; Answer 1 from 2 questions on Electromagnetic Waves Answer 1 from 2 questions on Additional Mechanics Answer 1 from 2 questions on Galaxies and Large Scale Structures (weighted at 100% of the Specialist Physics A examination unit of assessment) Coursework (Semester 2): Modelling Complex Systems Group Presentation Modelling Complex Systems Written Report Note: the Group Presentation and Report marks are equally weighted. Laboratory (Semester 1 & Semester 2): Laboratory Diary aggregate (16%) Laboratory Report (8%) Laboratory Oral (8%) Note: the weight of each Laboratory mark to the total module mark is indicated Pre-requisite/Co-requisites Electromagnetic Waves, Additional Mechanics and Modelling Complex Systems: PH1031 - Waves, Particles and Quanta Module or equivalent PH1012 -Mathematics Module Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: None. Experimentation (Physics): PH1011 – Experimental Physics Module


Module Overview Electromagnetic Waves: These lectures provide a full treatment of electromagnetism theory and its applications to a range of traditional applications and problems. Additional Mechanics: This component introduces a more sophisticated treatment of classical mechanics using analytical methods, covering Newton’s laws and their applications, plus Lagrangian and Hamiltonian methods. Modelling Complex Systems: An introduction to the basic concepts of complex systems, both natural and man-made, and to present a range of related mathematical methods such as neural networks, stochastic techniques, and genetic algorithms. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: A summary of the main features of the galaxies, and their evolution and formation. This component complements the Level HE2 component Exploring the Solar System. Experimentation (Physics): A ten half-day laboratory consisting of a series of two-week experiments designed to give a varied experience of general physics phenomena. Module Aims Electromagnetic Waves: To provide competence in basic electromagnetic theory and problem solving. Solution problems involving magnetic circuits. To establish the four integral Maxwell's equations which are of fundamental importance in physics. Combine these to investigate electromagnetic wave propagation. Additional Mechanics: To introduce the students to analytical classical mechanics and enable students to obtain equations of motion using more powerful and elegant methods than have been available previously. Modelling Complex Systems: To characterize complex systems in nature and man-made systems. To introduce the student to the basic concepts behind neural networks, genetic algorithms, stochastic techniques and game theory. To highlight the range of application of these techniques in finance and in the physical sciences. To communicate scientific ideas orally. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: To familiarise students with the main features of the formation and evolution of galaxies, galaxy clusters and superclusters, and other large scale structures. Students will be introduced to the observational evidence and the physics implications. Experimentation (Physics): To build on the foundation of earlier practical classes and emphasize the motivations for performing experiments both to verify theory and to improve understanding. The importance of keeping a laboratory notebook (diary) and the clear presentation of results will be stressed.


Learning Outcomes Electromagnetic Waves: Students should be able to tackle problems involving magnetic circuits, understand and apply Maxwell’s equations, derive electromagnetic wave equation and apply to TEM waves. Additional Mechanics: At the end of the component, students should be able to - state, derive and use the Minimum Energy Principle, the Principle of Virtual work and

D’Alembert’s Principle, as appropriate, to solve problems in classical mechanics, - state Lagrange’s equation and use the Lagrangian formalism to obtain equations of motion, - state Hamilton’s equations and use the Hamiltonian formalism to obtain equations of motion. Modelling Complex Systems: At the end of the component, students should - be able to identify the general characteristics of a complex system. - be able to describe the general structure of neural networks, explain the workings of a three-

layer, feed-forward, fully connected network in detail and describe how neural networks can be trained

- be able to explain the use of the genetic algorithm for optimization problems - understand how pseudo-random numbers are generated by a computer and how different

distributions may be generated, explain the Metropolis algorithm and the principles of importance sampling

- be able to qualitatively explain game theory, its relationship to group interaction and company behaviour

- be able to précis research papers and present the results orally. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: Students will have an appreciation for the important large scale features of the Universe. They will be able to describe the nature of galaxies and the way that they evolve. They will understand how observations lead to deductions about galaxy clusters, superclusters and even larger structures in the Universe. Experimentation (Physics): On successful completion you will be able to perform an experiment of intermediate difficulty, either involving practical or computational skills, by following written instruction. You will be able to keep a comprehensive diary of the activity, recording results in a form useful to others, and to complete a full but selective report, based on the diary, in the style of a scientific paper. The specific practical skills gained will vary according to the choice of the experiments. Module Content Electromagnetic Waves: The investigates further the topics of magnetism and electromagnetic waves. Diamagnets, Paramagnets, Ferromagnetics, Magnetisation M, Magnetisation current, Magnetic intensity H, Magnetic permeability, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic circuits, Reluctance, Hysteresis, Permanent magnets, Boundary conditions for B and H. Displacement current, fourth Maxwell equation, review of vector analysis, Electromagnetic Waves, Speed, Refractive index, Attenuation, Skin depth, Uniform Plane waves, Linear Polarisation, Energy density and Power of Waves, Waves at Boundaries - reflection & refraction. Fresnel's equations, Brewster angle, Total Internal reflection. Additional Mechanics: A more sophisticated treatment of classical mechanics including the concept of generalised co-ordinates and introducing the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations. Introduction and Review: Newton's Laws, motion of a system of N particles, conservation laws,


energy, the Minimum Energy Principle, constraints, degrees of freedom, the Principle of Virtual work and D’Alembert’s Principle (with applications to simple systems). Lagrangian Formulation and Applications: Generalised coordinates, velocities and forces leading to the derivation of Lagrange’s equation. Application of the Lagrangian method to the projectile, simple pendulum, motion under the action of central forces, and motion in a rotating frame of reference (Coriolis and centrifugal forces). Hamiltonian Formulation: Generalised momenta, derivation of Hamilton’s equations. Application to the simple pendulum and central forces leading to a discussion of orbits. Modelling Complex Systems: This module provides an introduction to some computational techniques widely used in management, finance and in the physical sciences. Module Content: - Properties of complex systems; emergent behaviour, scale-invariance. - Artificial Neural Networks (ANN): general concepts, focus on the three-layer, feed-forward, fully

connected ANN. Training an ANN by back propagation. - Genetic algorithms (GA): reproduction, cross-over and mutation. Linking GAs to ANNs. - Stochastic simulation and Monte Carlo methods: pseudo-random numbers, manipulating of

stochastic variables, simple Monte Carlo including importance sampling and the Metropolis algorithm.

- Game theory: non-cooperative game theory, the Prisoner’s dilemma. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: This component is an introduction to the physics of galaxies and large scale structures in the Universe. The observational evidence will be reviewed. - The Milky Way - The nature of galaxies - Evidence for dark matter - Galactic evolution - Galaxy clusters - Superclusters - Larger scale structures - The Great Attractor - Active Galaxies Experimentation (Physics): You will perform a selection of five general physics experiments of two sessions each. You will produce 10 lab diary entries, a full report on one experiment, and make an oral presentation on one experiment. You will receive detailed marking and feedback on how to improve the usefulness of these, to yourself and others. Typical experiments include: Optical fibres, Vibration interferometry, Chaos, Chromatic resolving power of a spectrometer, Laser speckle, optical image processing, supernova burst decay, etc. Methods of Teaching/Learning Electromagnetic Waves: 12 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Additional Mechanics: 12 hours of lecture classes. Modelling Complex Systems: The course is presented using uLearn, the university's e-learning system. 12 hours are scheduled for lecturer-assisted sessions.


Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: 12 hours of lectures and tutorial classes. Experimentation (Physics): 10 four-hour laboratory sessions. Selected Texts/Journals Electromagnetic Waves: i. Grant & Philips, Electromagnetism, Wiley. ii. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, [Extended Fifth Edition], Wiley. Additional Mechanics: i. T L Chow, Classical Mechanics, Wiley. Modelling Complex Systems: No single text covers all the material contained in this half-module, although many texts in the library explain the principles of one technique. The following are suggested. i. Beltratti, Margarita and Terns, Neural networks for Economic and Financial Modelling,

Thomson Computer Press. [for neural networks and genetic algorithms]. ii. Frenkel and Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulation, Academic Press [for Monte Carlo

Modelling]. iii. Beale and Jackson, Neural Computing: an introduction, Institute of Physics Press iv. [for Neural Networks]. v. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimisation and Machine Learning, vi. Addison-Wesley [for Genetic Algorithms]. vii. Each month, the journal Physica A publishes articles using the techniques explored in this

course. Most do not require knowledge beyond an undergraduate level to be understood. viii. Lui Lam, Nonlinear Physics for beginners, World Scientific [for overview of typical Complex

Systems and methods of their description]. ix. Challet, Minority Games, Oxford University Press [for Game Theory]. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: i. B W Carroll & D A Osterlie, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Addision Wesley, 1996. Experimentation (Physics): Required Reading: i. Laboratory instruction sheets provided. ii. Physics Laboratory Handbook: Level 1, Physics Department. Recommended Reading: Squires, Practical Physics, McGraw Hill


Module Titles: Specialist Physics B Module Module SITS ID: PHY2025 Level: HE2 Number of Credits: 30 Module Co-ordinator: Professor JL Keddie Module Components: Electromagnetic Waves

Additional Mechanics Radiation Detection & Measurement Galaxies and Large Scale Structures Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics)

Dr AB Dalton Prof. JA Tostevin Dr A Lohstroh Dr TJC Hosea Dr AB Dalton (Coordinator)


Mark (%) Electromagnetic Waves Examination 17% Additional Mechanics Examination 17% Galaxies and Large Scale Structures Examination 17% Radiation Detection and Measurement Examination 17% Laboratory (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics) Note: Physics Students do Physics Laboratory, PNA students do PNA Laboratory

32%

Qualifying Condition(s): University general regulations refer. Assessment Schedule Examination Paper 4 (June): 2.5 hour (maximum) examination paper consisting of; Answer 1 from 2 questions on Electromagnetic Waves Answer 1 from 2 questions on Additional Mechanics Answer 1 from 2 questions on Galaxies and Large Scale Structures Answer 1 from 2 questions on Radiation Detection and Measurement (weighted at 100% of the Specialist Physics B examination unit of assessment) Laboratory (Semester 1 and Semester 2): Laboratory Diary aggregate (16%) Laboratory Report (8%) Laboratory Oral (8%) Note: the weight of each Laboratory mark to the total module mark is indicated Pre-requisite/Co-requisites Electromagnetic Waves, Additional Mechanics, Radiation Detection and Measurement and Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: PH1031 - Waves, Particles and Quanta Module of equivalent PH1012 - Mathematics Module Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics): PH1011 – Experimental Physics Module


Module Overview Electromagnetic Waves: This course that provides a full treatment of electromagnetism theory and its applications to a range of traditional applications and problems. Additional Mechanics: This component introduces a more sophisticated treatment of classical mechanics using analytical methods, covering Newton’s laws and their applications, plus Lagrangian and Hamiltonian methods. Radiation Detection and Measurement: The component introduces the physical principles involved with the detection of ionising radiations with reference to basic detectors and detection systems and quantitative analysis. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: A summary of the main features of the galaxies, and their evolution and formation. This component complements the Level HE2 component Exploring the Solar System. Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics): A ten half-day laboratory consisting of a series of two-week experiments designed to give a varied experience of general physics phenomena Module Aims Electromagnetic Waves: To provide competence in basic electromagnetic theory and problem solving. Solution problems involving magnetic circuits. To establish the four integral Maxwell's equations which are of fundamental importance in physics. Combine these to investigate electromagnetic wave propagation. Additional Mechanics: To introduce the students to analytical classical mechanics and enable students to obtain equations of motion using more powerful and elegant methods than have been available previously. Radiation Detection and Measurement: The component aims to support the practical use of radiation detectors and to give a grounding for the understanding of more complex detection systems. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: To familiarise students with the main features of the formation and evolution of galaxies, galaxy clusters and superclusters, and other large scale structures. Students will be introduced to the observational evidence and the physics implications. Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics): To build on the foundation of earlier practical classes and emphasize the motivations for performing experiments both to verify theory and to improve understanding. The importance of keeping a laboratory notebook (diary) and the clear presentation of results will be stressed. Learning Outcomes Electromagnetic Waves: Students should be able to tackle problems involving magnetic circuits, understand and apply Maxwell’s equations, derive electromagnetic wave equation and apply to TEM waves. Additional Mechanics: At the end of the component, students should be able to - state, derive and use the Minimum Energy Principle, the Principle of Virtual work and

D’Alembert’s Principle, as appropriate, to solve problems in classical mechanics, - state Lagrange’s equation and use the Lagrangian formalism to obtain equations of motion,


- state Hamilton’s equations and use the Hamiltonian formalism to obtain equations of motion. Radiation Detection and Measurement: The student should be able to explain and show a knowledge of the underlying principles of radiation detection and measurement including the fundamental physics of radiation interactions. The student will gain an understanding of the associated detector equipment described in this and related courses. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: Students will have an appreciation for the important large scale features of the Universe. They will be able to describe the nature of galaxies and the way that they evolve. They will understand how observations lead to deductions about galaxy clusters, superclusters and even larger structures in the Universe. Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics): On successful completion you will be able to perform an experiment of intermediate difficulty, either involving practical or computational skills, by following written instruction. You will be able to keep a comprehensive diary of the activity, recording results in a form useful to others, and to complete a full but selective report, based on the diary, in the style of a scientific paper. The specific practical skills gained will vary according to the choice of the experiments. Module Content Electromagnetic Waves: This course investigates further the topics of magnetism and electromagnetic waves. Diamagnets, Paramagnets, Ferromagnetics, Magnetisation M, Magnetisation current, Magnetic intensity H, Magnetic permeability, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic circuits, Reluctance, Hysteresis, Permanent magnets, Boundary conditions for B and H. Displacement current, fourth Maxwell equation, review of vector analysis, Electromagnetic Waves, Speed, Refractive index, Attenuation, Skin depth, Uniform Plane waves, Linear Polarisation, Energy density and Power of Waves, Waves at Boundaries - reflection & refraction. Fresnel's equations, Brewster angle, Total Internal reflection. Additional Mechanics: A more sophisticated treatment of classical mechanics including the concept of generalised co-ordinates and introducing the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations. Introduction and Review: Newton's Laws, motion of a system of N particles, conservation laws, energy, the Minimum Energy Principle, constraints, degrees of freedom, the Principle of Virtual work and D’Alembert’s Principle (with applications to simple systems). Lagrangian Formulation and Applications: Generalised coordinates, velocities and forces leading to the derivation of Lagrange’s equation. Application of the Lagrangian method to the projectile, simple pendulum, motion under the action of central forces, and motion in a rotating frame of reference (Coriolis and centrifugal forces). Hamiltonian Formulation: Generalised momenta, derivation of Hamilton’s equations. Application to the simple pendulum and central forces leading to a discussion of orbits. Radiation Detection and Measurement: • Types of Radiation: general characteristics of alphas, betas, gamma- and X-rays, and

neutrons. Typical radioactive sources and methods of production. Energy units (keV, MeV) and Q-values.

• Interactions of Radiation with Matter: Definitions of suitable units: activity, exposure, absorbed dose, dose equivalent. Interactions with matter of heavy charged particles, electrons, photons and neutrons. Selection of suitable shielding materials.


• Radiation Detector Properties and Measurements: covering the basic mechanisms of charge generation and transport in detectors, pulse processing using typical readout electronics, energy resolution and contributions to detector noise.

• An overview of types of Radiation Detector: i. Gas Detectors: Ionisation processes, drift velocity and mobility. Ionisation chambers,

Avalanche.Proportional counters and Geiger-Muller Tubes. ii. Scintillation Detectors: principles of the Photo-Multiplier tube, Organic scintillators (liquid,

plastic) and Inorganic scintillators (NaI(Tl), BGO). iii. Semiconductor Detectors: Introduction to semiconductor properties: the band gap, reverse-

biased junction and depletion regions. X-ray spectroscopy with planar Si detectors with Si(Li) and Ge detectors, Alpha particle spectroscopy with planar Si detectors. New high-Z semiconductors (GaAs, CdZnTe) for X-ray detection.

Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: This component is an introduction to the physics of galaxies and large scale structures in the Universe. The observational evidence will be reviewed. The Milky Way - The nature of galaxies - Evidence for dark matter - Galactic evolution - Galaxy clusters - Superclusters - Larger scale structures - The Great Attractor - Active Galaxies Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics): You will perform a selection of five general physics experiments of two sessions each. You will produce 10 lab diary entries, a full report on one experiment, and make an oral presentation on one experiment. You will receive detailed marking and feedback on how to improve the usefulness of these, to yourself and others. Typical experiments include: Optical fibres, Vibration interferometry, Chaos, Chromatic resolving power of a spectrometer, Laser speckle, optical image processing, supernova burst decay, etc. Methods of Teaching/Learning Electromagnetic Waves: 12 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Additional Mechanics: 12 hours of lecture classes. Radiation Detection and Measurement: 12 hours of lecture classes. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: 12 hours of lectures and tutorial classes. Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics): 10 four-hour laboratory sessions.. Selected Texts/Journals Electromagnetic Waves: i. Grant & Philips, Electromagnetism, Wiley. ii. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, [Extended Fifth Edition], Wiley. Additional Mechanics: i. T L Chow, Classical Mechanics, Wiley.


Radiation Detection and Measurement: i. G F Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, Wiley, 1989. Galaxies and Large Scale Structures: i. B W Carroll & D A Osterlie, An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics, Addision Wesley, 1996. Experimentation (Physics/Nuclear Astrophysics): Required Reading: i. Laboratory instruction sheets provided. ii. Physics Laboratory Handbook: Level 1, Physics Department. Recommended Reading: Squires, Practical Physics, McGraw Hill.


Module Titles: Specialist Physics C Module Module SITS ID: PHY2026 Level: HE2 Number of Credits: 30 Module Co-ordinator: Professor PJ Sellin Module Components: Electromagnetic Waves

Radiation Detection and Measurement Exploring the Solar System Experimentation IV (Physics/Satellite Technology)

Dr AB Dalton Dr A Lohstroh Prof. PJ Sellin Dr AB Dalton (Coordinator)


Mark( %) Electromagnetic Waves Examination 17% Radiation Detection and Measurement Examination 17% Exploring the Solar System Examination 23% Exploring the Solar System Coursework 10% Laboratory (Physics/Satellite Technology) Note: Physics Students do Physics Laboratory, PST students do PST Laboratory

33%

Qualifying Condition(s): University general regulations refer. Assessment Schedule Examination Paper 4 (June): 2.5 hour (maximum) examination paper consisting of; Answer 1 from 2 questions on Electromagnetic Waves Answer 1 from 2 questions on Radiation Det. And Measurement Answer 2 from 3 questions on Exploring the Solar System (weighted at 100% of the Specialist Physics C examination unit of assessment) Coursework (Semester 2): Exploring the Solar System computer simulation 1 Exploring the Solar System computer simulation 2 Note: the two Computer Simulation marks are equally weighted Laboratory (Semester 1 and Semester 2): Laboratory Diary aggregate (17%) Laboratory Report (8%) Laboratory Oral (8%) Note: the weight of each Laboratory mark to the total module mark is indicated Pre-requisite/Co-requisites Electromagnetic Waves and Radiation Detection and Measurement: PH1031 - Waves, Particles and Quanta Module or equivalent PH1012 –Mathematics Module Exploring the Solar System: PHY1032 - Introduction to Astrodynamics and Space Science Experimentation (Physics/PST): PH1011 – Experimental Physics Module


Module Overview Electromagnetic Waves: This course that provides a full treatment of electromagnetism theory and its applications to a range of traditional applications and problems. Radiation Detection and Measurement: The component introduces the physical principles involved with the detection of ionising radiations with reference to basic detectors and detection systems and quantitative analysis. Exploring the Solar System: A discussion of the formation, character and development of the planets in our Solar System, including review of some of the main space missions to the planets. Experimentation (Physics/Satellite Technology): A ten half-day laboratory consisting of a series of two-week experiments designed to give a varied experience of general physics/satellite technology phenomena. Module Aims Electromagnetic Waves: To provide competence in basic electromagnetic theory and problem solving. Solution problems involving magnetic circuits. To establish the four integral Maxwell's equations which are of fundamental importance in physics. Combine these to investigate electromagnetic wave propagation. Radiation Detection and Measurement: The component aims to support the practical use of radiation detectors and to give a grounding for the understanding of more complex detection systems. Exploring the Solar System: To familiarise students with the techniques and devices needed for the exploration of space, and in particular, for the investigation of solar system bodies from Earth and by spacecraft. This module is an introduction to the practical implementation and design of spacecraft instrumentation for exploring the solar system. Experimentation (Physics/Satellite Technology): To build on the foundation of earlier practical classes and emphasize the motivations for performing experiments both to verify theory and to improve understanding. The importance of keeping a laboratory notebook (diary) and the clear presentation of results will be stressed. Learning Outcomes Electromagnetic Waves: Students should be able to tackle problems involving magnetic circuits, understand and apply Maxwell’s equations, derive electromagnetic wave equation and apply to TEM waves. Radiation Detection and Measurement: The student should be able to explain and show a knowledge of the underlying principles of radiation detection and measurement including the fundamental physics of radiation interactions. The student will gain an understanding of the associated detector equipment described in this and related courses. Exploring the Solar System: By the end of this component, the student should have an appreciation of the basic structure and contents of the solar system, together with knowledge of the primary spacecraft missions that have explored the planets - including their instrumentation and principal results, and how these, together with observations of other young stars, supports the Solar Nebular Theory of the formation of the solar system. The student should be able to use this knowledge to calculate physical properties of a planet based on fundamental physical principles. The assignments enable the student to demonstrate the ability to quantitatively analyse and interpret astronomical data using realistic


computer simulations. Experimentation (Physics/Satellite Technology): On successful completion you will be able to perform an experiment of intermediate difficulty, either involving practical or computational skills, by following written instruction. You will be able to keep a comprehensive diary of the activity, recording results in a form useful to others, and to complete a full but selective report, based on the diary, in the style of a scientific paper. The specific practical skills gained will vary according to the choice of the experiments. Module Content Electromagnetic Waves: This course investigates further the topics of magnetism and electromagnetic waves. Diamagnets, Paramagnets, Ferromagnetics, Magnetisation M, Magnetisation current, Magnetic intensity H, Magnetic permeability, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic circuits, Reluctance, Hysteresis, Permanent magnets, Boundary conditions for B and H. Displacement current, fourth Maxwell equation, review of vector analysis, Electromagnetic Waves, Speed, Refractive index, Attenuation, Skin depth, Uniform Plane waves, Linear Polarisation, Energy density and Power of Waves, Waves at Boundaries - reflection & refraction. Fresnel's equations, Brewster angle, Total Internal reflection. Radiation Detection and Measurement: • Types of Radiation: general characteristics of alphas, betas, gamma- and X-rays, and

neutrons. Typical radioactive sources and methods of production. Energy units (keV, MeV) and Q-values.

• Interactions of Radiation with Matter: Definitions of suitable units: activity, exposure, absorbed dose, dose equivalent. Interactions with matter of heavy charged particles, electrons, photons and neutrons. Selection of suitable shielding materials.

• Radiation Detector Properties and Measurements: covering the basic mechanisms of charge generation and transport in detectors, pulse processing using typical readout electronics, energy resolution and contributions to detector noise.

• An overview of types of Radiation Detector: i. Gas Detectors: Ionisation processes, drift velocity and mobility. Ionisation chambers,

Avalanche.Proportional counters and Geiger-Muller Tubes. ii. Scintillation Detectors: principles of the Photo-Multiplier tube, Organic scintillators (liquid,

plastic) and Inorganic scintillators (NaI(Tl), BGO). iii. Semiconductor Detectors: Introduction to semiconductor properties: the band gap, reverse-

biased junction and depletion regions. X-ray spectroscopy with planar Si detectors with Si(Li) and Ge detectors, Alpha particle spectroscopy with planar Si detectors. New high-Z semiconductors (GaAs, CdZnTe) for X-ray detection.

Exploring the Solar System: Overview of the Solar System: Familiarity with the basic properties of the major planets orbiting the

Sun and with the minor bodies of the Solar System. Properties of planetary orbits. Sidereal and Synodic Periods. Escape Velocity. Spin-orbit coupling (resonance). Properties of Planets: Planetary surfaces and interiors; cratering record – significance for dating planetary surfaces; evidence for geological activity; differentiation of material; magnetic fields. Atmospheres: composition, Maxwellian distribution of molecular, retention. Planetary temperatures. Moons and Rings. Differential gravitational forces (tides).

Formation of the Solar System: Solar Nebula Theory. Star formation; T-Tauri phase. Circumstellar discs. Distribution of angular momentum. Evaporation and condensation of dust. The “ice-line”. Formation of planetesimals and planets. The Oort cloud and Kuiper belt.

Exploration of the Moon: Early Pioneer and Ranger missions; Lunar Orbiter – photographic system, discovery of “mascons” – suggested mechanism for their creation; the Surveyor programme – soil analysis. Lunik and Luna programmes: use of NaI γ-ray spectrometer. Apollo missions – age and composition of the surface – maria and highlands.


Exploration of the Terrestrial Planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars): Viewing geometry from Earth: - interior and superior planets, conjunctions, Mercury: Mariner results – temperatures, density, magnetic field, H/He atmosphere, orbital resonance. Cratered nature of the surface – implications for age; similarities and differences with respect to the Moon. Caloris basin. Venus: Venera results – atmospheric composition, temperature and pressure. Pioneer Venus and Magellan radar images; Interpretation of Venus’ surface (young) – suggested mechanism for re-surfacing; Nature of impact craters, evidence for volcanism. Mars: Mariner, Viking, and rover results; volcanoes, ice-caps, evidence for running water.

Exploration of the Jovian Planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune): Voyager and Galileo mission results. Jupiter: atmospheric composition, belts and zones, the Great Red Spot; Radiation belt; rings. Galilean moons: Io, Europa,Ganymede, Callisto. Saturn: atmosphere, ring structure, composition. Titan (atmosphere). Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Current missions to the outer planets: New Horizons.

Experimentation (Physics/Satellite Technology): You will perform a selection of five general physics/satellite technology experiments of two sessions each. You will produce 10 lab diary entries, a full report on one experiment, and make an oral presentation on one experiment. You will receive detailed marking and feedback on how to improve the usefulness of these, to yourself and others. Typical experiments include: Optical fibres, Vibration interferometry, Chaos, Chromatic resolving power of a spectrometer, Laser speckle, optical image processing, supernova burst decay, etc. Methods of Teaching/Learning Electromagnetic Waves: 12 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Radiation Detection and Measurement: 12 hours of lecture classes. Exploring the Solar System: 24 hours of lectures and astronomical computer simulation classes. Experimentation (Physics/Satellite Technology): 10 four-hour laboratory sessions. Selected Texts/Journals Electromagnetic Waves: i. Grant & Philips, Electromagnetism, Wiley. ii. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, [Extended Fifth Edition], Wiley. Radiation Detection and Measurement: i. G F Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, Wiley, 1989. Exploring the Solar System: Required Reading: i. Kaufmann & Freedman, Universe (8th ed.), 2007, W H Freeman & Co. Recommended Reading: i. N McBride & I Gilmour (eds), An Introduction to the Solar System, 2004 0-521-54620-6

CUP/OU. ii. B W Jones, Discovering the Solar System, 1999, 0-471-98648-8 John Wiley & Sons Experimentation (Physics/Satellite Technology): Required Reading: i. Laboratory instruction sheets provided. ii. Physics Laboratory Handbook: Level 1, Physics Department. Recommended Reading: Squires, Practical Physics, McGraw Hill.

Module Title: Finance Specialist Module Module SITS ID: PHY2021 Level: HE2 Number of Credits: 30 Module Co-ordinator: Dr DA Faux Module Components: Electromagnetic Waves

Modelling Complex Systems Business Finance

Dr AB Dalton Dr PD Stevenson Mr OS Khan (FML)

Module Availability: Semester 1 and Semester 2 Assessment Pattern Unit(s) of Assessment Assessment Weighting Electromagnetic Waves Examination 17% Business Finance (Examination and Mid Term Test) 66% Modelling Complex Systems Coursework 17% Qualifying Condition(s): University general regulations refer. Note: Modelling Complex Systems has no examination Assessment Schedule Examination Paper 4 (June): 45 minute examination paper consisting of; Answering 1 from 2 questions on Electromagnetic Waves (17%) Examination in Business Finance (June): 2 hour examination paper consisting of; Business Finance questions as specified by the Faculty of Management and Law (FML) (52.7%) Note: the weight of each Examination item to the total module mark is indicated. Coursework: Modelling Complex Systems Group Presentation (8.5%) Modelling Complex Systems Written Report (8.5%) Business Finance Multiple Choice Online Test (13.3%) Note: the weight of each Coursework item to the total module mark is indicated. Pre-requisite/Co-requisites Electromagnetic Waves: PH1031 - Waves, Particles and Quanta Module or equivalent PH1012 – Mathematics Module Modelling Complex Systems: None. Business Finance: Accounting 1 or equivalent Module Overview Electromagnetic Waves: These lectures provide a full treatment of electromagnetism theory and its applications to a range of traditional applications and problems. Modelling Complex Systems: An introduction to the basic concepts of complex systems, both natural and man-made, and to present a range of related mathematical methods such as neural networks, stochastic techniques, and genetic algorithms. Date Last Revised: 23/09/2010

Business Finance: The prime motivator in business activity is sustainable profitability for shareholders’ wealth maximization. It follows that all managers are likely to perform better towards that goal if they understand the mechanisms for sustainable profit by acting in the interest of stakeholders. This module is designed to give students the necessary basic background in finance to enable them to be effective business managers. In this module a strategic view is taken of the sources and deployment of finance in a business. It covers the fundamental principles of corporate finance and investment. Module Aims Electromagnetic Waves: To provide competence in basic electromagnetic theory and problem solving. Solution problems involving magnetic circuits. To establish the four integral Maxwell's equations which are of fundamental importance in physics. Combine these to investigate electromagnetic wave propagation. Modelling Complex Systems: To characterize complex systems in nature and man-made systems. To introduce the student to the basic concepts behind neural networks, genetic algorithms, stochastic techniques and game theory. To highlight the range of application of these techniques in finance and in the physical sciences. To communicate scientific ideas orally. Business Finance: This module aims to give the student an understanding of the principles governing financial management of a business. It will equip the student as a manager with the techniques for evaluating the financial needs of a business, identifying possible sources of finance, the most effective course of action to obtain that finance, and utilizing such finance in the attractive opportunity. It will also provide an appreciation of the role of the finance function in the commercial life of the business. To pass this component the student will demonstrate a familiarity of business finance (corporate finance and investment management). The student should display some understanding of relevant issues and some familiarity with the relevant literature and techniques. Learning Outcomes Electromagnetic Waves: Students should be able to tackle problems involving magnetic circuits, understand and apply Maxwell’s equations, derive electromagnetic wave equation and apply to TEM waves. Modelling Complex Systems: At the end of the component, students should - be able to identify the general characteristics of a complex system. - be able to describe the general structure of neural networks, explain the workings of a three-

layer, feed-forward, fully connected network in detail and describe how neural networks can be trained

- be able to explain the use of the genetic algorithm for optimization problems - understand how pseudo-random numbers are generated by a computer and how different

distributions may be generated, explain the Metropolis algorithm and the principles of importance sampling

- be able to qualitatively explain game theory, its relationship to group interaction and company behaviour

- be able to précis research papers and present the results orally. Business Finance: On successful completion of this component the students will be able to: 1. Appreciate the role and scope of corporate finance in the financial planning process of any

firm. 2. Understand the time value of money and its implication in interpreting cash flows occuring


in different time horizon in accounting statements. 3. Perform valuation of different assets based on the DCF method and appreciate the factors

effecting such valuation. 4. Evaluate potential investment opportunities with its cost and risk factors, and select suitable

ones in case of multiple alternatives, budgetary constraints and capital rationing 5. Identify the different sources of financing with their relative implications i.e. advantages and

disadvantages. 6. Understand and appreciate the theories behind use of debt financing as leverage and the

optimal capital structure for any firm. 7. Understand how companies determine their dividend payout policies and the signal that

sends to the market. 8. Understand the success and the failure of mergers and acqusitions. Module Content Electromagnetic Waves: The investigates further the topics of magnetism and electromagnetic waves. Diamagnets, Paramagnets, Ferromagnetics, Magnetisation M, Magnetisation current, Magnetic intensity H, Magnetic permeability, Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic circuits, Reluctance, Hysteresis, Permanent magnets, Boundary conditions for B and H. Displacement current, fourth Maxwell equation, review of vector analysis, Electromagnetic Waves, Speed, Refractive index, Attenuation, Skin depth, Uniform Plane waves, Linear Polarisation, Energy density and Power of Waves, Waves at Boundaries - reflection & refraction. Fresnel's equations, Brewster angle, Total Internal reflection. Modelling Complex Systems: This module provides an introduction to some computational techniques widely used in management, finance and in the physical sciences. Module Content: - Properties of complex systems; emergent behaviour, scale-invariance. - Artificial Neural Networks (ANN): general concepts, focus on the three-layer, feed-forward, fully

connected ANN. Training an ANN by back propagation. - Genetic algorithms (GA): reproduction, cross-over and mutation. Linking GAs to ANNs. - Stochastic simulation and Monte Carlo methods: pseudo-random numbers, manipulating of

stochastic variables, simple Monte Carlo including importance sampling and the Metropolis algorithm.

- Game theory: non-cooperative game theory, the Prisoner’s dilemma. Business Finance: 1. Working Capital Management 2. Time Value of Money 3. Asset Valuation 4. Capital Investment Appraisal 5. Risk and Return 6. Portfolio Theory & CAPM 7. Sources of Finance (Capital and Money Markets) 8. Cost of Capital 9. Capital Structure 10. Dividend Policy 11. Mergers and Acquisitions Methods of Teaching/Learning Electromagnetic Waves: 12 hours of lectures and tutorial periods. Date Last Revised: 23/09/2010

Modelling Complex Systems: The course is presented using uLearn, the university's e-learning system. 12 hours are scheduled for lecturer-assisted session. Business Finance: The teaching and learning strategy is designed to allow a student to come to grips with what is essentially a subject of mixed theory and practice: 1. Weekly one two-hour lecture incorporating class-room participation for better understanding. 2. Fortnightly tutorial sessions for solving problems to understand the contents lectures. The

tutorials cover worked examples which are an integral part of the course. Will provide the necessary support during these sessions for deeper understanding using MCQ, short and long problem solutions.

3. ULearn discussion forums to address any issues related to the constant, learning teaching environment, and delivery of the course and/or specific topics.

4. ULearn will be used for delivering optional mock MCQ and short question examination, giving the participants an opportunity to get formative feedback.

5. Utilizing ULearn as the main pool of resources including lecture handouts, tutorial problems, mock exercise, and discussions. Besides using ULearn as the main means of communication to establish resource efficiency and communicational effectiveness.

6. Weekly office hours provided by lecturers. 7. Support of lecture material by directed reading in selected textbooks and journal articles. Selected Texts/Journals Electromagnetic Waves: i. Grant & Philips, Electromagnetism, Wiley. ii. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, [Extended Fifth Edition], Wiley. Modelling Complex Systems: No single text covers all the material contained in this component, although many texts in the library explain the principles of one technique. The following are suggested. i. Beltratti, Margarita and Terns, Neural networks for Economic and Financial Modelling,

Thomson Computer Press. [for neural networks and genetic algorithms]. ii. Frenkel and Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulation, Academic Press [for Monte Carlo

Modelling]. iii. Beale and Jackson, Neural Computing: an introduction, Institute of Physics Press iv. [for Neural Networks]. v. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimisation and Machine Learning, vi. Addison-Wesley [for Genetic Algorithms]. vii. Each month, the journal Physica A publishes articles using the techniques explored in this

course. Most do not require knowledge beyond an undergraduate level to be understood. viii. Lui Lam, Nonlinear Physics for beginners, World Scientific [for overview of typical Complex

Systems and methods of their description]. ix. Challet, Minority Games, Oxford University Press [for Game Theory]. Business Finance: Essential Reading: 1. Pike, R. and Neale B. (2009) Corporate Finance and Investment: Decisions & Strategies, FT Prentice Hall Recommended Reading: 1. Ryan, B. (2007) Corporate Finance & Valuation, Thomson Learning EMEA 2. Peirson, G. Brown, R. Easton, S. Howard, P. Pinder, S (2006) Business Finance, 9th ed., McGraw-Hill Irwin 3. Van Horne, J. Wachowicz Jr., J (2005) Fundamentaals of Financial Management, 12th ed., FT Prentice Hall 4. Watson, D and Head, A (2004) Corporate Finance: Principles & Practice, 3rd ed., FT Prentice Hall 5. Keown, A et al (2006) Foundation of Finance, 5th ed., Pearson


Background Reading: 1. McLaney, E (2006) Business Finance: Theory & Practice, 7th ed. FT Prenctice Hall 2. Atrill, P. (2006) Financial Management for decision makers, 4th ed. FT Prentice Hall


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