under floor heating tehnology
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UNDER FLOOR HEATINGTECHNOLOGY
Ordre of EngineersTripoli - Lebanon
Eng. Wael Zmerly02-11-2007
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ZMERLY & CO SARL.
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Eng. Wael Zmerly - 200
Under Floor Heating Technolog
WHAT IS FLOOR HEATING
TO USE THE FLOOR AS A HEAT EMISSION SURFACE
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Under Floor Heating Technolog
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Heating systems inspired by this idea werebuilt by the Chinese, Egyptians and Romans.
2000 years ago
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Under Floor Heating Technolog
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
At the start of this century floor heating appears inits present form.Hot water cycles inside a tube burred under ground.
In London in 1909, one of the Royalpalaces was heated with this new system.
1900
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Under Floor Heating Technolog
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1945 TO 1950In Europe, from 1945 to 1950, over 100,000 homes were heated by this technique.
Very soon, however, it was noted that the equipment wascausing numerous physiological problems due to thefollowing facts:
Metallic pipes instead of plastic(long distance between pipes)
The boiler temperaturewas 70C to 80C. The
reason why the floortemperature was 34C to40C. Which caused alsosome health problems.
40C
No use of cement slab, High thermalinertia.
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Under Floor Heating Technolog
THE NEW SYSTEMS
FROM 1970s3 New values were added:
Low surface temperature (28 - 29C).
Low thermal inertia of the floor slab.
29C
More insulation, Low heat losses.
Use of Floating floors.
Uniform heat distribution. Plastic pipes, small pitches.
E
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Under Floor Heating Technolog
ADVANTAGES
Uniform heat distribution.
Healthy conditions. Absence of air draughts.
Safety.
Space saving.
Low noise
Temperature reduction from feet to head.
Lack of dryness due to low temperatures.
Friendly to the environment.
Efficient. Low operating cost.
Reduction of roof thermal loses.
Short-term depreciation.
INCONVIENIENTS
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HEATING OUTPUT RELATED TOLIMITED AREA. RELATIVLY HIGH THERMALINERTIA.
INCONVIENIENTS
HEAT AND COMFORT
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HEAT AND COMFORT
Hottest part of the room is at ceiling
level.Room temperature setting at 21C.Cold feet due to cooler convective aircurrent.
RADIATOR HEATING FLOOR HEATING
Coolest part of the room is at ceiling level.
Room temperature setting below 21C (19).No draught.No cold feet.Less dust which can settle on walls, furnitureand curtains.
HEAT REPARTITION
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16 20 24C
170cm
270cm
10cm
HEAT REPARTITION
16 20 24
Floor heating
radiant panel
Ceiling
heating
Radiators
(external walls)
Radiators
(internal walls)
Warm air
Warm air
Floor heating
Ceiling heating
Radiators ext.
Radiators int .
Thermal comfort
Ideal curve
APPLICATIONS
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APPLICATIONS
RESIDENTIAL. OFFICES.
INDUSTRIAL.
PANEL CONTAINEMENT STRUCTURES
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PANEL CONTAINEMENT STRUCTURES
Thermal Concrete
Insulation
Floor Slab
Tiles
Protectivediaphragm
Acrylicadhesive Acrylicgrouting
PanelPipes
Insulationstrip
Skirting board
2.0cm
2.5cm
4.0cm
1.5cm
LAYOUT
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LAYOUT
Loops
Distribution
manifold
LAYOUT
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LAYOUT
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
variation
SINGLE SERPENTINE
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
Floor temperatureVariation
PARALLEL SUPPLY AND RETURN COUNTERFLOW TYPE
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
Floor temperatureVariation
PARALLEL SUPPLY AND RETURN SPIRAL TYPE
LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
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LOOP CONFIGURATIONS
MATERIALS
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E L
PIPES
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PEX with oxygen barrier
PEX ALU - PEX
PIPE REEL
MANIFOLDS
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For correct operation and maintenance of the
system, manifolds must have:Main on/off valves,Panel on/off valves,Micrometric panel regulating valves,Automatic air vents,Drain cocks.
MANIFOLDS
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PERIFERAL INSULATION STRIP
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INSULATION BOARD
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INSULATION BOARD
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INSULATION BOARD
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EXPASION JOINTS
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NETWORK TESTING
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For 30 min at 150% of working pressureFor 90 min at double working pressureInstallation testSame pressure during the pouring of thermalconcrete
CONCRETE COMPOSITION
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0,8m river sand
0,4m gravel, 4 - 6mm grain size
350 kg cement
2,5 kg plasticizer 250 kg water
900 gr/m polypropylene fibers
1mof concrete contain
CALCULATION PARAMETERS
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Ambient air temperature
Outer diameter of pipeInternal diameter of pipe
Thermal conductivity of pipe
Flow temperature of water
Center to center distance
Thermal resistance of the floor
Thermal conductivity of slab
Thickness of slab above pipe
Panel surface
Thermal resistance below panel
Underneath room temperature
REQUIRMENTS
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CENTER TO CENTER DISTANCEThe most frequently used grids are as follows: 7,5 15,0 22,5 30,0 37,5
5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 30,0
MAXIMUM DESIGN WATERTEMPERATURE
45 a 55C with traditional boilers; 40 a 45C with district heating, condensingboilers, heat pumps; 32 a 38C with solar panels.
HEAT OUTPUT REQUIREDTwo aspects in consideration : the lack of heat loss through the floors,
the heat contribution of any panels located onthe floor above.
SURFACE TEMPERATURE OFTHE FLOOR
To avoid uncomfortable physiological conditions, thesurface temperature of the floor should be less than:
29C in continuously occupied environments, 33C in bathrooms, showers and swimming pools, 35C in perimeter areas or rooms rarely used.
REQUIRMENTS
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TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE OF
HEATING FLUID
It is advisable not to be too high in order: not to over-reduce the average temperature of the
fluid, and thus the heat output of the panel; to avoid surface temperatures which differ too muchfrom each other, Usually it is used below 8 10C
PANEL FLOW Considering that the maximum flow of a panel is onaverage between:200 220 l/h, for pipes with Di = 16 mm120 130 l/h, for pipes with Di = 13 mm
HEAD REQUIREDIt is advisable that the difference between the presethead and that should be at least 200 300 mm w.g.
LENGTH OF THE PANEL In domestic applications, it is advisable not to gobeyond the commercial lengths of pipe rolls (120 150 metres)
HEAT OUTPUT
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tp = surface temperature of floor, Cta = ambient temperature, C
q = specific heat output (upwards) of panel, W/m2
In particular (at ambient temperature = 20C), the maximum specific output which can betransferred by a panel is:
qmax = 8,92 . ( 29 20 ) 1,1 = 100 W/m2 in continuously inhabited environments. qmax = 8,92 . ( 33 20 ) 1,1 = 150 W/m2 in bathrooms, showers and swimming pools. qmax = 8,92 . ( 35 20 ) 1,1 = 175 W/m2 in perimeter areas or rooms rarely used.
CONTROL SYSTEM
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CONTROL SYSTEM
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BOILER ROOM
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Mixing Valve
BETONKOERNAKTIVERUNG
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WALL HEATING
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Radiant wall heating is one of the most comfortable form of heating available.Water circulating at 30-40C in pipes built into the wall provides gentle buthighly efficient radiant heat.
CEILING HEATING
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ELECTRICAL FLOOR HEATING
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