UNCRD and its Initiatives –3R and IPLA

Anupam Khajuria, PhDResearcher, Environment Unit, UNCRD

Chukyo University17 July 2018

Organizational Chart

As of April 2018

4th

Regional 3R

Forum

in Asia

Viet Nam/2013

Regional 3R Forum in

Asia and the Pacific(High-level Governmental Policy

Forum)

State of 3Rs in Asia and

the Pacific(Technical Report)

Promotion of 3R in Asia and the Pacific

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals

Source: Adapted from United Nations, 2015

Nairobi Mandate

2016Addis Ababa

Action Agenda 2015

Paris Agreement

2015

New Urban Agenda

2016 2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development

Source:

https://www.google.co.jp/search?rlz=1C1CAFB_enJP726JP726&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=638&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=paris+agreement+2015&oq=paris+agreement+2015&gs_l=img.3...29174.29974.0.30231.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.64.img..0.0.0.M3oYmouCebY#imgrc=U5U27HmOE

EMNtM:

https://www.google.co.jp/search?rlz=1C1CAFB_enJP726JP726&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=638&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=narobi+mandate+2016&oq=narobi+mandate+2016&gs_l=img.12...0.0.0.15496.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c..64.img..0.0.0.qM1AFeGklRI#imgrc=nRazKnrmvp7rRM:

https://www.google.co.jp/search?rlz=1C1CAFB_enJP726JP726&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=638&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=addis+ababa+action+agenda+2015&oq=addis+ababa+action+agenda+2015&gs_l=img.3...50949.63274.0.63590.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.64.img..0.0.0.wWv6eU0TNIo

#imgrc=eJlpau4EMozMeM:

Linkage of Goals/Actions/Agenda

4th

Regional 3R

Forum

in Asia

Viet Nam/2013

Male DeclarationHa Noi 3R Declaration (2013-2023)

1st

3R

Japan /

2009

Tokyo 3R

Statement

3R for Green Economy

3Rs for Sustainable Cities and

Human Settelment (Healthy & Safe)

3Rs for Costal & Marine Ecosystem

Singapore

Recommendation

Needs for Innovative Partnerships

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development /

SDGs

2nd East Asia Summit - Environment

Ministers Meeting (EAS EMM), Brunei, 2010Endorsed Regional 3R Forum in Asia

and the Pacific

Surabaya 3R

DeclarationAdelaide 3R

Declaration on

Circular Economy

Indore 3R

Declaration

2nd 3R

Forum

Malaysia /

2010

3rd 3R

Forum

Singapore

/ 2011

4th 3R

Forum

Vietnam

/ 2013

5th 3R

Forum

Indonesia

/ 2014

6th 3R

Forum

Maldives

/ 2015

7th 3R

Forum

South

Australia /

2016

8th 3R

Forum

India /

2018

9th 3R

Forum

Thailand

/ 2019

Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific

One-way/conventional Economy

Absence of a science based policy for

resource efficient economic

development;

More resource

efficient economy

science based policy

for resource efficient

economic development

Closed Loop Economy

science based policy for

resource efficient closed-

loop economic development

with a high level of

cooperation between

science-policy-business-

community7

Linear or one-way/Conventional to Closed loop economy

Source: Adapted from ADB, 2011

Moving from

negative loop

to positive loop

Linear to Circular economy

Adapted from Dr. P. Modak presentation, Presented at Sixth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific 2015

8Source: Co-Chairs’ Summary of Sixth Regional 3R Forum 2015

=> Important

impact:

Waste management

is being increasingly

addressed in resource

domain

Acts and Achievements: Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific

3R and Resource Efficiency towards Zero Waste Society

Source: ROAD MAP FOR ZERO WASTE AHMEDABAD A Visionary Document to Guide Ahmedabad towards becoming a ‘Resource Efficient and Zero

Waste City’ by 2031

Source: http://www.env.go.jp/recycle/3r/en/concept_paper_e/concept_paper_e04.html

Towards Sound Material Cycle Society

Circular Economy System

A circular economy promotes the

notion of waste as a resource further,

to a systems approach considering

how biological and technical

materials move throughout the

economy.

Decouple economic growth and

development

Enables a high standard of living

and quality of life.

Conserving finite resources and

protecting the environment for

future generations.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation.

Transitioning to the circular economy will catalyze the most transformational

economic, social and environmental changes since the First Industrial Revolutionhttp://docs.wbcsd.org/2017/06/CEO_Guide_to_CE.pdf

A Circular Economy

Source: UNEP 2017, AWMOSource: European Union (2014). Scoping study to identify potential circular economy actions, priority sectors, material flows and value chains

Benefits of Circular

Economy:

Zero negative

environmental

impacts

New and clean

environment

New business

model

Ellen MacArthur Foundation.

• Apply systems thinking

– Holistic and systemic approach for water

resources management

– Example: improving farming practices for

improved water quality

• Move to closed loop systems

– Retaining water resources for reuse

• Extract cascaded value

– process of extracting value at a series of stages

beginning with high value products such as

specialist chemicals, followed by fertilizers,

energy, water and bio-solids

• Rain Water Harvesting

– Cornerstone of the urban circular economySource: IWA (2016)Source: Jefferies (2017)

Water availability… from Linear to Circular approach

Source: Regional 3R Forum 2018

Supply side management

• Source and watershed

protection,

• Rainwater harvesting

• Wastewater reuse and

resource recovery

Demand side management

• Reducing water and reusing water

• Water rating and pricing

• Policy and regulation

Challenges

• Population growth

• Economic and industrial growth

• Environmental challenges

• Technical challenges

More emphasis on Demand-side

3R Strategies for water security

Source: Regional 3R Forum 2018

UN World Water 2018

Achieving SDG 6 is essential for progress on all other SDGs and vice versa

Basic drinking water (SDG 1)

Water for agriculture use (SDG 2)

Basic sanitation and safe water (SDG 3)

Access of water supply in school (SDG 4)

Responsibility of water collection (SDG 5)

Water for energy generation (SDG 7)

Water for livelihood (SDG 8)

Both quality and quantity of water for

industry (SDG 9)

Water collection –inequality (SDG 10)

Water for sustainable cities and

communities (SDG11)

Water footprint (SDG 12)

Water related hazards (SDG 13)

Balance of nutrients- life below water

(SDG 14)

Water for forest ecosystem (SDG 15)

Fair distribution of water (SDG 16)

Transboundary rivers and lakes (SDG 17)

Air Pollution from poor waste management

Source: Regional 3R Forum 2018

3% of global GHG

emissions

27% of waste related GHG

emission is from Asia

Source: CCAC, 2016

More plastic than

fish in our oceans by

2050

Ellen MacArthur Foundation

Global Challenge ~ Plastic waste

Five countries in Asia

alone—Indonesia,

Thailand, Vietnam, the

Philippines and China

—account for more

plastic leakage into our

oceans than the rest of

the world combined.

Eco- balance report: Can blockchain turn plastic waste into currency for the poor and save our oceans?

http://worldenvironmentday.global/en/news-category/beat-plastic-pollution

Researchers estimate that more

than 8.3 billion tonnes of plastic

has been produced since the early

1950s.

About 60% of that plastic has

ended up in either a landfill or the

natural environment.

5 trillions of plastics floating on

world ocean.

If current trends continue, our

oceans could contain more plastic

than fish by 2050.

https://www.unenvironment.org/interactive/beat-plastic-pollution/

Recent and Global issue: Plastic Waste

Usage of plastic in different sectors

Plastics waste issue – vast implications on coastal and marine environment

Source: Regional 3R Forum 2018

Source: http://surfingindia.net/

Source of photos: UNEP, http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/marinelitter/publications/gallery/default.asp

© Still Pictures © Papadopoulos/UNEP/Still Pictures © UNEP & Hartmut Schwartzbach© Brehen/UNEP/Still Pictures

Transfer of chemicals from ingested plastics to

biological tissue has been confirmed (bio-

magnification).

Micro-plastics (size < 5 mm) in coastal and

marine environments is a critical problem,

including bio-accumulation of hydrophobic

persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like PCBs,

DDTs, HCHs and others from the plastics

through ingestion or food-chain (fist to fish and

fish to people).

Source: Prof. Hideshige Takada and 6th Regional 3R Forum in AP, 2015)

Plastics carry hazardous chemicals

in marine environment (e.g.,

PCBs).

More than 200 species of animals

are known to have ingested plastic

debris, including birds, fish, turtles

and marine mammals.

UNCRD took initiative ~ organized Side-event

Source: Regional 3R Forum 2018

Theme of Side-event: 3R as the

Basis for Moving Towards Zero

Plastic Waste in Coastal and Marine

Environment

Policies Integrating Resource Efficiency and 3Rs

Japan: Fundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Material Cycle Society (2001); New Growth Strategy (2010) which places green innovations as top of seven strategic areas; Finance initiatives to build a Low Carbon Society (providing grants, investments, financing, interest subsidies for – (i) promotion of Green Buildings, (ii) development of Low Carbon Cities, (iii) bilateral offset Credit Mechanism, and (iv) enhancement, commercialization, and R&D of Low Carbon Technologies;

Republic of Korea: New Waste Management Policy towards Resource Recirculation Society (2013);

PR China: Ban on the imports of 24 types of recyclables and solid waste and postconsumer plastic waste (January 2018), Circular Economic Law (2009); Long Term Renewable Energy Development Plan (2007);

India: Eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022 (June 2018), National Solar Mission (3% of India’s total electricity demand from solar power projects by 2022); National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency;

Malaysia: National Green Technology Policy (2009); Green Building Index (2009; National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan (2010);

Singapore: Green Mark Incentive Scheme for buildings (2005); Water Efficiency Fund (2008);

Thailand: Alternative Energy Development Plan and Target (2008); Thailand Climate Change Master Plan (2012–2050); Pollution Management Plan 2017-2021; etc.

Key findings of 8th Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific

3Rs and Clean

Air

Resource Security and

3R Technologies

Zero Waste

Society

Greening SMEs

Protection of Coastal

and Marine Ecosystem

3Rs and Clean

Land

Triangular Cooperation

3Rs and Clean

Water

Source: Chair’s summary of 7th Regional 3R forum 2016

Financing 3R

Potential for resource

efficiency and waste

minimization

Transformation

of 3R policies

and strategiesWealth from

waste

New business

opportunity

Environmental

good, services

and Green jobs

3R infrastructure

Eco-industrial parks

and Eco-town

Summing up ~ Canvas of Circular Economy

Adapted from www.Accenture.com- Accenture circular advantage

innovative business models and technologies

ResourceCircular

EconomyDeplete

Availability

Uncertainty

Climate ChangeQuality

Threat to

Resource

Security

Adverse

Impacts Health

& Ecosystems

Vulnerability

& Inequity

Livelihoods

& EconomyProcess

Transport

Extract

Economy &

Sustainability

!!??

Degrade

Global Leadership Programme of Circular Economy, Adelaide, SA

Hanoi 3R goals

Monitoring

Reporting

Dissemination

Experts’

assessment

State of 3Rs in Asia and the Pacific

State of 3Rs: Achievement and Future

“State of the 3Rs in Asia and the Pacific” is a

synthesis and status report to access current status

of 3R policy implementation in the region based

on country reports submitted to the Regional 3R

Forum in Asia and the Pacific, which is convened

by UNCRD with the support of Ministry of the

Environment, Government of Japan and other

partners of the forum.

Launch of Synthesis Report of State of the 3Rs in Asia and the Pacific

Announced first publication of

the first regional synthesis report

International Partnership for Expanding Waste Management Services of

Local Authorities (IPLA)

- A SDG Partnership- #SDGAction267

Partnerships offer alternatives in which governments and private companies assume co-responsibility and co-ownership for the delivery of solid waste management services. Waste disposal is expensive – financially and in lost resources (substantial inputs of labour, material, energy, land resources for land filling, etc. ).

Partnerships combine the advantages of the private sector (dynamism, access to financial resources and latest technologies, managerial efficiency, and entrepreneurial spirit, etc.) with social concerns and responsibility of the public sector (public health and better life, environmental awareness, local knowledge and job creation, etc. ).

Partnerships (PPP) are indispensable for creating and financing adaptation measures towards resilient cities which in turn are more attractive for private investments.

Partnerships provide win-win solutions both for the public utilities and private sector—if duly supported by appropriate policy frameworks. Such partnerships could lead to savings in municipal budgets where waste management usually consumes a large portion. The private sector, on the other hand, may use this opportunity to convert waste into environmentally friendly products and energy that could also serve as income generating opportunities.

Principles of IPLA – a SDG partnership

Zero waste policies & programmes

Technologies &infrastructure

Eco-town, eco-cities, eco-industrial zones

Waste to economy (e.g. green jobs)

Waste to energy (WtE)

SMEs

Financing & investment Public awareness

and education

Sustainable cities (Rio+20 outcome)

New and emerging wastes

Protection of local ecosystem

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Decentralized network of IPLA – a SDG partnership

Moscow IPLA Declaration on Regional Cooperation for Waste Exchange and Resource

Recovery towards Circular Economic Development, IPLA Global Forum 2015, Moscow,

The Russian Federation, 6-8 October 2015.

São Paulo Declaration Of Municipalities and Local Authorities for scaling up of National

and International Public-Private Partnerships in Waste Sector for Achieving Sustainable

and Resilient Cities, IPLA Global Forum 2014, São Paulo, Brazil, 8-10 September 2014.

Boras Declaration of the Private Sector on Moving Towards Resource Efficient and Zero

Waste Societies, IPLA Global Forum 2013, Boras, Sweden, 9-11 September 2013.

Marrakech Declaration towards “Greening” the waste sector, 2nd Regional Forum on

Economic and Ecological Potential of “Greening” the Waste Sector in the Middle East

and North Africa Region, Marrakech, Morocco, 15-17 May 2012.

Declaration for Moving towards Zero Waste through IPLA at the Special Event of the

ISWA World Congress 2011~ IPLA Global Forum 2011, Daegu, Republic of Korea, 17-

18 October 2011.

Achievement of IPLA – a SDG partnership

Thank you!