uncovering the covered tracks: finding what’s left behind the covered tracks: finding what’s...

Uncovering the Covered Tracks:

Finding What’s Left Behind

JAD SALIBA – FOUNDER & CTO

Background

• Teenage geek - IT/Software industry

• Police officer for 7 years

• Worked in Tech Crime Unit

• Started JADsoftware (now Magnet Forensics) as a part-time side project – now a team of developers

Overview

• Recovering artifacts from multiple devices:

• PCs:

• Skype

• Facebook

• Google Maps

• Mobile:

• Kik Messenger

• Facebook

• Snapchat

• Chromebooks:

• Getting to unencrypted data

• Using timelines to find out what happened

• Tools that can help

PC Artifacts

Skype

• Voice over IP service (with video and text chat options)

• Started in 2003

• Over 633 million registered users

• 65 million people sign in to Skype every day

• 700 million minutes spent in Skype-to-Skype calls every day

• Microsoft has retired Windows Live Messenger in favor of its

Skype service, although Messenger will continue in mainland

China. Microsoft began the transition for all users on April 8,

2013.

Skype – “chatsync”

IP Addresses

Skype

• main.db file – SQLite database

• Contains majority of interesting data

• Account info, Calls, Contacts, Messages,

SMS messages, Video session info,

Voicemail info

Skype

(“POSTED_TEXT”)

Skype

(“Sent”)

Skype

Sender username / display name

Skype

Date/time (Unix time, in UTC)

Skype

• Voicemails require a premium account

• Only get saved to this folder after being played

• Filename can be found in the Voicemails table in the main.db

file - filename contains the date/time

• Audio is in a proprietary Skype format

• BUT – there is a way!

Facebook

• Leading social networking site

• Started in 2004

• Over 950 million Facebook users worldwide (Source: Facebook)

• 500 million people log onto Facebook daily (Source: The Social Skinny 2012)

• There are 83 million fake profiles. (Source: CNN)

• Photo uploads total 300 million per day (Source: Gizmodo)

Facebook Chat

• Not like the good o’l days

• Still left behind, but mainly in live RAM, pagefile,

hibernation file

• Multiple formats

• Live chat and messages essentially the same

Facebook Chat

{\"msg\":{\"text\":\"lol i love

facebook, it's so awesome.

chatting is

fun!!\"},\"from\":1000000555,\"

to\":1100000066,\"time\":1257

370809956,\"type\":\"msg\"}

More chat:

{"tid":"mid.1368112514305:d61a480cfa3a140d91","href":"\/me

ssages\/read\/?tid=mid.1368112514305\u00253Ad61a480cfa3

a140d91","author_fbid":100004396603890,"author_name":

"Wendy Manford","thread_name":“Bourne","snippet":"Hey

have you seen the new...","message":"Hey have you seen the

new Bourne movie?","time":"Just now","image":{"__html":

"\u003Cimg src=\"https:\/\/fbcdn-profile-

a.akamaihd.net\/hprofile-ak-

ash1\/t5\/s43x43\/211578_100004396603890_405447609_q.j

pg\" alt=\“Wendy Manford\" class=\"img profpic\" height=\"43\"

width=\"43\" \/>

Wall post:

fbid":"646173788763494","legacyid":"646173788763

494","body":{"text":"can see y dem would a call afta

u......","ranges":[],"aggregatedranges":[],"hasTranslat

ableContent":true},"author":"100001790397816","ften

tidentifier":"646151518765721","likecount":0,"hasvie

werliked":false,"canremove":false,"canreport":true,"ca

nedit":false,"source":1,"istranslatable":false,"timesta

mp":{"time":1396761880,"text":"April 6 at 2:24am"

Facebook – Decoding photo URLs

Recovered photo view URL:

https: //www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=

201526933901245715&set=at.10150672801465915.4

48027.507140714.552175374.1221785571&type=1&

theater



201526933901245715&set=at.10150672801465915.4

48027.507140714.552175374.1221785571&type=1&

theater

Facebook Photo ID is "201526933901245715"



201526933901245715&set=at.10150672801465915.4

48027.507140714.552175374.1221785571&type=1&

theater

Facebook Album ID is "10150672801465915"



201526933901245715&set=at.10150672801465915.4

48027.507140714.552175374.1221785571&type=1&

theater

Photo belongs to user ID "1221785571"



201526933901245715&set=at.10150672801465915.4

48027.507140714.552175374.1221785571&type=1&

theater

Now what?



201526933901245715&set=at.10150672801465915.4

48027.507140714.552175374.1221785571&type=1&

theater

We can use the Facebook Graph API to learn more

about this user.



201526933901245715&set=at.10150672801465915.4

48027.507140714.552175374.1221785571&type=1&

theater

We’ll take the user ID above (bolded) and put it in to

the below URL (no need to login to Facebook):

http://graph.facebook.com/1221785571

Another photo URL:

{"tid":"mid.1368112514305:d61a480cfa3a140d91","href":"\/me

ssages\/read\/?tid=mid.1368112514305\u00253Ad61a480cfa3

a140d91","author_fbid":100004396603890,"author_name":

"Wendy Manford","thread_name":“Bourne","snippet":"Hey

have you seen the new...","message":"Hey have you seen the

new Bourne movie?","time":"Just now","image":{"__html":

"\u003Cimg src=\"https:\/\/fbcdn-profile-

a.akamaihd.net\/hprofile-ak-

ash1\/t5\/s43x43\/211578_100004396603890_405447609_q.

jpg\" alt=\“Wendy Manford\" class=\"img profpic\" height=\"43\"

width=\"43\" \/>

Quick Facebook URL Demo

Google Maps

• Started in 2004

• Over 1,162,460 sites use Google Maps

• Overtook MapQuest in terms of traffic in 2009

• Google Maps Navigation, included on Android handsets, has guided users 12 billion miles a year

• 200 million users on Google Maps for Mobile

• Cases involving runaway youths, kidnapping, luring, homicide

• Jo Yates homicide - Avon and Somerset Constabulary, Scott Eggins

Google Maps

• Temporary Internet Files

• RAM captures

• pagefile.sys / hiberfil.sys

Google Maps

• Uses a tile system to display maps

• Each tile is 256x256 pixels

• Filename in Temporary Internet Files contains x, y, and z coordinates

• Coordinates are based on a world map

• x, y requires the z value (zoom)

Examples:

• lyrs=m@196000000&hl=en&src=app&x=5&y=8&z=4&s=Galileo[1].png

• &x=9054&y=11982&z=15.png

Google Maps

Google Maps

Tiles can be downloaded:

http://mt.google.com/vt/&x=XXX&y=XXX&z=XXX

Google Maps

Tile coordinates can be converted to Longitude, Latitude:

function tile2long(x,z) {

return (x/Math.pow(2,z)*360-180);

}

function tile2lat(y,z) {

var n=Math.PI-2*Math.PI*y/Math.pow(2,z);

return (180/Math.PI*Math.atan(0.5*(Math.exp(n)-

Math.exp(-n))));

}

Google Maps

http://www.darrinward.com/lat-long/

New Google Maps

• Newer version of Google Maps launched in March 2014

• Tile filenames and URLs are different now (thanks Google!)

• It’s not pretty:

• pb=!1m4!1m3!1i11!2i564!3i751!2m3!1e0!2sm!3i258034118!3m

8!2sen!5e1105!12m1!1e47!12m1!1e1007!12m1!1e38!4e0!7s!2

0m1!1b1[1].png

New Google Maps

• The new URLs:

https://www.google.com/maps/@43.7242262,-79.4051719,12z

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cambridge,+ON/@43.4022995,-80.332588,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x882b89b820e46c19:0x5037b28c7231d70

https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Ayr,+ON,+Canada/123+Gunn+Ave,+Cambridge,+ON+N3C+2Z6,+Canada/@43.3588082,-80.5205289,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x882c732d9485d199:0x581a671dca1a1705!2m2!1d-80.4507835!2d43.2854723!1m5!1m1!1s0x882b88f2ca61211d:0xf99f9dd46477f986!2m2!1d-80.2990956!2d43.4253036

New Google Maps

• The new tiles:

• Sample filename:

• pb=!1m4!1m3!1i11!2i564!3i751!2m3!1e0!2sm!3i258034118!3m8!

2sen!5e1105!12m1!1e47!12m1!1e1007!12m1!1e38!4e0!7s!20m

1!1b1[1].png

• Another sample, slightly different:

• pb=!1m5!1m4!1i15!2i18147!3i23991!4i128!2m1!1e0!3m3!5e1105

!12m1!1e47!4e0[1].png

Quick Google Maps Demo

Mobile Artifacts

Facebook

• Focusing on chat and geolocation data stored

• On Android, files are located in the following folder on the

‘data’ partition: com.facebook.katana

• File we’re interested in is named “threads_db2”

• SQLite database

Main folder

The ‘databases’ folder

threads_db2 – main.messages

Kik Messenger

• Again, focusing on chat but there is potentially a lot

of great data here

• Files are located in the following folder on the ‘data’

partition: kik.android

• File we’re interested in is named “kikDatabase.db”

• SQLite database (surprise!)

Main folder

The ‘databases’ folder

kikDatabase.db – main.messagesTable

Snapchat

• Photo messaging app • More than 100 million users along with more than 350 million snaps sent per day

• Users can take photos, record videos, add text and drawings, and send them

to a controlled list of recipients • Sent photographs and videos are known as "Snaps“ • Users set a time limit for how long recipients can view their Snaps (1 – 10

seconds) • After time expires, the Snap is deleted

• Some data can still be recovered!

Snapchat data folder

Google Chrome OS

(Chromium OS)

Google Chrome OS

• Launched on June 15th, 2011

• Linux kernel-based operating system designed by Google

• Works primarily with web applications

• Aimed at users who spend most of their computer time on the

web

• Almost a pure web thin client OS, cloud based, cloud reliant

• Chromium is the open source project, Chrome OS is the

commercial version only on specific hardware from Google’s

partners

Google Chrome OS

• Encryption / Security

• User data is encrypted on a separate partition

• Web apps are sandboxed

• Verified boot – system files are hashed and protected

• No root/shell access unless in “Developer Mode”

Google Chrome OS

• So what can we do?

• Need user login/password

• Screenshots of web history

• Copy out files (non-traditional, not “forensically sound”)

• Developer Mode

Google Chrome OS

• Getting shell access

• Open browser, press Ctrl+Alt+T

• Type “shell” and press ENTER

• We don’t have shell access outside of Developer Mode

Google Chrome OS

• Getting into Developer Mode

• Need to find method specific to your Chromebook:

http://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/developer-

information-for-chrome-os-devices

• For my HP Chromebook, “hold down the Esc and Refresh

key and poke the power button”

http://www.chromium.org/chromium-os/developer-information-for-chrome-os-devices














Now, press “Ctrl-D”

This will take a few minutes – then we’ll start fresh

Google Chrome OS

• Now we have shell access

Familiar looking files?

Some signs of encryption

USB mount point

Copying out the user home directory

Creating an image – List the partitions

dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p1 of=/media/removable/USB\ Drive

/chromebook.dd bs=4096 conv=notrunc,noerror,sync

Timeline Demo

Thanks for your time!

[email protected]

www.magnetforensics.com

Questions?

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