unconventional geothermal reservoirs in europe for producing...

Unconventional geothermal reservoirs in Europe for producing

electricity: challenges and perspectives of the ENGINE project

Albert Genter & the ENGINE team

TAEIX, Multi-Country workshop on EU legislation and best practices in geology for sustainable use of natural resources

Budapest, Hungary, Session D: Sustainable Use of Energy21-22 November 2006

Budapest, Hungary, 21-22 November 2006 > 2

Geothermal Energy

www.geothermie-perspectives.fr


Deep Geothermal Resources in Europe

>Focus on deep geothermal heat sources

>Unconventional Geothermal Resources

>Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS>Supercritical Reservoirs


Geothermal electricity generation in Europe

Dry Steam Plantsin MWel

Flash Plants

in MWel

Binary Plantsin MWel

Total Capacity in MWel

Capacity by 2010

in MWel

1.4 7.420.725.2

Iceland 161.7 10.4 172.1 392.1

Switzerland 6Turkey 20.4 20.4

Italy 770.5 20 790.5 890.5Portugal 3.0 13.0b 16 35Russia 110c 110 228

1,650.3

14.70.2

1,125.3

Austria 1.4France 14.7a

Germany 0.2

Europe 770,5 329.8 24.3

a Guadeloupe; b Azores; c thereof 9 MWel flash-binary unit

Compiled by Kaltschmitt & Frick, 2006 from WGC05


Geothermal energy: a continent to explore…

Map of temperatures extrapolated at 5km depth


Deep Geothermal Resources

Reservoirs:fractured/porous rocks

Geothermal fluids: sufficient permeability

Heat source: favorable temperature conditions

www.iga.igg.cnr.it


Outline

>Introduction>Why a Coordination Action, ENGINE, about

Unconventional Geothermal Resources?>Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) activity

in Europe>Perspectives in an international framework


European Commission strategy and the R&D programs

> Directive 2001/77/EC : doubling the contribution of renewable energy from 6 to 12% of total energy consumption by 2010.

> The White Paper (Community Strategy and Action Plan, 1997) : doubling (500 to 1000 MW) of electricity production, increase from 750 to 2,5 MW for heat production of geothermal origin.


Geothermal energy: the 6th FP European projectsCAMELIA: Multigeneration EnergySystems with Locally IntegratedApplications

GroundHit: Ground Coupled Heat Pumps of High Technology

Low Bin: Binary systems

EGS (STREP): Soultz

HITI (STREP): High-TemperatureEquipment

ENGINE Co-ordination Action

I-GET: IntegratedGeophysicalExploration

Technology


Commercial Potentially commercial

productivehydrothermal

HotDryRock

Suitable for reservoirenhancement*

High Zeronatural permeability

* Hydrofracture, targeted injection, acid leaching, directional drilling, etc.


Phases of an EGS life cycle by GEOWATT AG

Concept Exploration Development Production Abandonment

?General regional planning:• technical• political• financial• environmental

•••

Pilot boreholeStimulation testsProduction modelling

• Inj./Prod boreholes• Intensive stimulation• Production tests• Surface installations

• Power/Heat production:• Maintenance

If no re-investmentfor this site:Deconstruction

Siteselected

Feasibility ofEGS at site

demonstrated

Installations andreservoir ready for

production

Productionlifetime reachedMilestones


The EGS challenge

RESOURCE USE

COSTRISK

o explorationo resource assessment o resource managemento advanced drillingo advanced stimulationo efficient power cycleso environmental impact


ENGINE Co-ordination ActionENhanced Geothermal Innovative Network for Europe

> An expression of interest from the EC 6th FP• a need for co-ordinating ongoing research and promoting the

development and uptake of innovative methods and technologies toexpand the exploitation of Unconventional Geothermal Resources, in particular Enhanced Geothermal Systems.

• A major scope is the identification of gaps that hamper the development of geothermal energy and definition of research targets for the future.

> ENGINE co-ordination proposal• Capitalisation of knowledge and state of art• Identification of gaps and barriers• Defining new R&D projects to overcome these gaps and barriers• Start 1 November 2005, 30 months, 2,3 M€, 31 European partners

+ 4 from Third Countries, 20 countries involved in Geothermal R&D

http://engine.brgm.fr

http://engine.brgm.fr/


The European ENGINE partners

> Denmark• Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS)

> France• Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières

(BRGM)• Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS-

Strasbourg) • CFG Services• Dafora France/GPC IP, Roissy

> Germany• GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ)• Institute for Energy and Environment Leipzig (IE) • Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences (GGA) • MeSy GeoMessSysteme GmbH (MeSy)

> Greece• Centre for Renewable Energy Sources (CRES) • National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos“

(NSCRD) • Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH)

> Hungary• Eotvos University (ELTE)

> Iceland• ISlenskar ORkurannsoknir (ISOR)

> International consortium• Groupement Européen d'Intérêt Economique

"Exploitation Minière de la Chaleur« (GEIE “EMC”)> Italy

• Instituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse (IGG)

> Lithuania• Geologijos Ir Geografijos Institutas (IGGL)

> Netherlands• Shell International Exploration and Production

(B.V.SIEP Netherlands)• Organisation For Applied Scientific Research (TNO) • Vrije University Amsterdam (VUA)

> Norway• Institutt for Energiteknikk (IFE)

> Poland• Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny (PGI)

> Romania• University of Oradea (UOR)

> Russian Federation• Institute for Geothermal Research (IGR DSC RAS)• Tsentr geoelektromagnitnykh issledovanii Instituta

fisiki zemli Rossiskoi akademii nauk (GEMRC IPE RAS)

• Institut vysokikh temperatur Rossyiskoi academiinauk (IVTRAN)

• Joint Stock Company “Intergeotherm” (JSC “Intergeotherm”)

> Spain• Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME)

> Switzerland• Deep Heat Mining Association (DHMA)• GEOWATT AG

> Turkey• ORME JEOTERMAL A.S. (ORME)


> http://engine.brgm.frENGINE Web site


Breakdown of the Co-ordination Action


WP1Project Management

WP2Information and dissemination system

WP3. Investigation of UGR and EGS

WP4. Drilling, stimulation and reservoir assessment

WP6. Expertise on investigation of UGR and EGS

WP8. Expertise on exploitation, economic, environmental, social impacts

WP7. Expertise on drilling,stimulation and reservoir

assessment

LaunchingConf.(France2/2006)

FinalConference(Lithuania)

WP5. Exploitation, economic, environmental and social impacts

Mid-termConference

(Germany01/2007)

Mid-termConference

Mid-termConference

Specialised workshops

WP9. Risk evaluationfor the development of geothermal energy

Extension of the network to Third countries (Mexico, El Salvador, Philippines)

Germany(11/2006)

Switzerland(06/2006)

France(09/2006)

Italy

Netherlands

Iceland

Greece


7 specialised workshops

> WP3: Defining, exploring, imaging and assessing reservoirs for potential heat exchange (Germany)

> WP3: Exploring Supercritical fluid reservoir: a new challenge for geothermal energy (Italy)

> WP4: Stimulation of reservoir and induced microseismicity(Switzerland)

> WP4: Drilling cost effectiveness and feasibility of high-temperature drilling (Iceland)

> WP5: Electricity generation, combined heat and power (France)> WP5: Increasing policy makers awareness

and the public acceptance (Greece)> WP9: Risk analysis for development of

geothermal energy (Netherlands)

2006 2007


Publication policy: Conferences & Workshops Publishing


ENGINE Workshops 2006

Zürich, July 2006 Strasbourg, Sept. 2006 Potsdam, Nov 2006

http://engine.brgm.fr


Outline

>Introduction>Why a Coordination Action, ENGINE, about

Unconventional Geothermal Resources?>Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)

activity in Europe>Perspectives in an international framework


Soultz-sous-Forêts EGS

Larderello

Groß Schönebeck

Basel EGS

Electricity production, co generation

Enhanced Geothermal Systemstest sites

Guadalupe

Açores

District heating

Paris Basin

Izmir

Bansko, Kocani, Gevgelia

Altheim

Groß Schönebeck, Germany

Soultz, France

Altheim, Austria

Ferrara

Neustadt-Glewe, Germany

Neustadt-Glewe

Podhale, Mszczonów, Pyrzyce, Uniejów Slomniki

Alvsby

Pyrzyce, Poland

Larderello, Italy

Overview of the geothermal activity in Europe


End-members for the Unconventional Geothermal Resources in Europe> the High Enthalpy geothermal

fields• Italy, Iceland, Guadeloupe, Greece,

Portugal, Russia, Turkey

> the HDR/HFR/EGS concept and Low Permeability geothermal fields• Soultz (France)• Basel (CH)

www.iga.igg.cnr.it


Schematic presentation of the EGS Soultz Pilot Plant

5000m >200°C

#4250m

35 à 50 Kg/s

Sédiments

Granite

35 à 50 Kg/s

70 à 100Kg/s

1500m

GPK3

GPK2 GPK4

25MWth 25MWth

#600m

Secondary Loop (Surface):Expected surface temperature: 185 °CHeat exchanging systemAvailable thermal energy: 50 MWthSurface power plant facilitiesProduced electrical energy: 5 MWe

Principle: Convert geothermal heatin useful energy (electricity)

Primary Loop (Underground):2 production wells, 1 re-injection well“Closed” brine circulationExpected Flowrate: 70-100 l/sDepth : 4500-5000 mBottom temperature: 200 °CPumping system (EGS)

Principle : Extract geothermal heatfrom hot rocks

From GEIE Soultz, 2006


EGS activity in the German part of the Upper Rhine graben

" The Renewable Energy Source Act (EEG) was introduced in Germany to facilitate sustainable development of energy supply in the interest of managing global warming, conserving nature and protecting the environment."

The EEG entered into force in 2000 and was amended on 1st of August 2004.

§ 9 - Fees paid for electricity produced from geothermal energy:

1. At least 15 cents per KWh up to and including a capacity of 5 MW,

2. At least 14 cents per KWh up to and including a capacity of 10 MW,

3. At least 8.95 cents per KWh up to and including a capacity of 20 MW and

4. At least 7.16 cents per KWh for a capacity of 20 MW and over.

From Bestec, 2006


Geothermal Projects in the Upper Rhine Valley in Germany

Riedstadt

BruchsalKarlsruhe

Kehl

Ettenheim

LandauOffenbach

Bellheim Speyer

Hydrothermal Projects

in progressplanning status

HDR Projects

planning status

From Bestec, 2006


EU-wide Feed-in tariffs for geothermal energy

Germany: up to 15,00 ct/kWh

Greece: 7,31 ct/kWh

Slovakia: 9,04 ct/kWh

Slovenia: 5,85 + 2,52 ct/kWh

Spain: 6,49 + 2,94 ct/kWh

Austria: 7,00 ct/kWh

Belgium: 2,50 ct/kWh

Czech Republic: 15,56 ct/kWh

Estonia: 5,10 ct/kWh

France: 10 ct/kWh (overseas: 12)

From Kaltschmitt, 2006


EGS Basel project in Switzerland

Power plant construction2009 6

Development& Construction

3rd deep wellSystem stimulation and testing2008 5

Circulation testing2007 4

2nd deep well

Monitoring System &1st deep well to 5‘000 m +2006 2

Pre-project studies & pilot hole,assuring finance & permissions2001 1

Exploration3

From DHMA, 2006


EGS in-situ geothermal laboratory Groß Schönebeck (Germany)

2006:

• North German basin

• EGS in sedimentary rocks

• 4.3 km depth, 150°C

• Drill directional wells (doublet)

• multi fracturing

• Primary productivity for 750 kW-power plant

• Demonstration of sustainability (circulation test)

GFZ Potsdam


Prometheus project (Bochum, Germany)

Sedimentary rocksLow porosity & permeabilityCreate artificial geothermal systems (EGS)Transfer waterfrac technology to sedimentsIs there a self propping mechanism for

sediments?Fracture propagation in layered sediments?Start in 2007

Form Mesy, 2006


Genesys project at Hannover site (GeoCenter)

Deep drilling close to residential area

Water supply for stimulation

Frac-monitoring

F. Böker, 1994 From GGA, 2006


Temperatures at basement top in Hungary

450000 500000 550000 600000 650000 700000 750000 800000 850000 90000050000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190200210220230240250Co

From P. DÖVÉNYI (ELTE Budapest, Hungary) & L. RYBACH (GEOWATT AG Zürich, Switzerland),Orléans ENGINE launching Conference, February 2006


16° 19°

22°

48°

47°

46°

Mesozoic (mainlycarbonate) rocksin near-surface position

Paleozoic (mainlycrystalline) rocksin near-surface position

Neogene volcanicrocks in near-surface position

Isogeothermal surfaceof 200 °C in Hungary

2500 m

3000 m

3500 m

4000 m

4500 m

5000 m

5500 m

3000 m

3500 m

4000 m

4500 m

5000 m

5500 m

Depth belowsee level of:

200 °C rock temperature

in the basement

200 °C rocktemperaturein the youngsediments

BUDAPEST

LAKE BALATON

LAKE

FER

TŐ

DA

NU

BE

RIVE

R TI

SZA

Drillholes withmeasured temperatures> 150 °C

From P. DÖVÉNYI (ELTE Budapest, Hungary) & L. RYBACH (GEOWATT AG Zürich, Switzerland),Orléans ENGINE launching Conference, February 2006


Potential EGS areas from outcropping granite in Europe

HHP-Granite occurrencesin Europe

Germany:

• Erzgebirge• Meißen Massif• Sax. Granulite Massif• Harz Mts.

From A. Forster, GFZ, 2006


A renewed interest for the geothermal energy from deep sources

> The US Department Of Energy program for 2006-2011• The challenge (…) is to develop and deploy the

technology needed to capture the larger, deeper, cooler and less permeable resource base – the Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS)

> The on-going industrial activity in Australia• The know-how and technology of mineral and oil

exploration to explore and mine heat sources at depth

> The European exploration projects• The pilot site of Soultz sous Forêts and the future

exploration sites of Basel, Landau, Gros-Schonebeck, …


The ENGINE challenge

Co-ordinate ongoing research and promote the development and uptake of new technologies

Organise conferences and dedicated workshops (exploration, drilling, electricity generation)

Establish links between researchers, industry, international organisations…

Integration of scientific and technical know-how and practices

geologists, geologists, hydrogeologistshydrogeologists, geophysicists, , geophysicists, geochemists, reservoir engineer, driller engineer, geochemists, reservoir engineer, driller engineer, ……. .

unconventional geothermal reservoirs in europe for producing...

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