unconventional gas and oil potential in estonia · unconventional gas and oil potential in estonia...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia
Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic
Sea Region
September 21, 2012 Tallinn, Estonia
Tarmo All
Mineral Resources Department
![Page 2: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the shale gas? ● type of unconventional gas most discussed and
contentious currently (Philippe & Partners, Final report - 8 November 2011)
● other unconventional sources of natural gas include coalbed methane, tight sandstones, and methane hydrates
● shale gas is a natural gas produced from shale
![Page 3: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is the shale? ● a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock ● the process in the rock cycle which forms shale is –
compaction ● the process by which a sediment progressively loses
its porosity due to the effects of loading
![Page 4: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How dose the gas appear in shale? ● shale that host economic quantities of gas is rich in
organic material (0.5% to 25%) ● black shale – more than one percent carbonaceous
material ● gas containing shale are usually petroleum source
rocks in the thermogenic gas window, where high heat and pressure have converted petroleum to natural gas
![Page 5: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
HC generation
![Page 6: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Is it a new resource? ● shale gas has been produced for years from shales
with natural fractures ● the shale gas boom in recent years has been due to
improvment in technology - hydraulic fracturing ● compared to tight gas and coal bed methane,
relatively less experience exists in Europe for shale formations as a source of natural gas
![Page 7: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
● In Estonia there are two kinds of shale: kukersite (kerogen) and Dictyonema argillite (kerogenous claystone)
Shale formations in Estonia
![Page 8: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Oil shale (kukersite) ● an important resource for the national economy
● country generates 90% of its power from this source ● lies near the surface and dips to the south, so that
deposits are found at depths from 7 to 170 metres ● more than 40% organic content
![Page 9: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Oil shale in Estonia
● the Estonian oil shale deposits covers about 3000 km²
● approximately 425 km² have been mined ● the reserve of usable oil shale is about 1 billion
tonnes ● the calorific value of the usable oil shale is 1900-
2600 kcal(8-11 MJ/kg)
![Page 10: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Oil shale gas ● oil shale gas is a synthetic gas mixture (syngas)
produced by oil shale pyrolysis ● shale is heated until its kerogen decomposes into
vapours of a petroleum-like condensable shale oil, non-condensable combustible oil shale gas, and spent shale - a solid residue
● oil shale gas occurs as a by-product of shale oil production
● it may be used for heating the pyrolysis process
![Page 12: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dictyonema argillite
● Dictyonema argillite (also known as Dictyonema shale) is a brown lithified claystone belonging to the formation of black shales
● it occurs in most of northern Estonia on an area of about 11,000 km²
● the thickness of the Dictyonema argillite layer varies from 0.5 metres to 8 metres and lays at a depth of 10 to 90 metres.
![Page 13: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dictyonema argillite (shale) ● reserves of Dictyonema argillite are estimated
approximately to 70 billion tonnes. ● its quality is poor as a source for the energy
production (heating value 5–8 MJ/kg, Fischer Assay oil yield 3–5%)
● the organic content varies from 10 to 20%
![Page 15: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Gas explorations on Alumshale in Sweden
● there are on going explorations for unconventional gas sources – shallow biogenic gas deposits from black shale
● the gas has formed by the bacteria feeding from the organic content of the shale and converting part of the organic material in the shale into methane
![Page 16: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scale gas exploration in Estonia 1
● in Estonia no studies on Dictyonema argillite or Kukersite as the possible source for biogenic gas have been accomplished
● recently some scientific studies on organic rich rocks as possible source for biogenic gas has been started by Tallinn Technical University
● the first results are expected in 2013-2014
![Page 17: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Scale gas exploration in Estonia 2
● there is one application for geological exploration licence do study the shallow organic rich formations as possible source for commercial biogas production
● Ministry of the Environment is proceeding the application
● most likely the EIA is not needed
![Page 18: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The prospectivity of biogenic gas from the organic rich strata (dictyonema shale)
● very preliminary knowledge ● no practical solutions or experiences ● unknown environmental impact ● if any resources will be proved then most likely
application would be the small flexible installation (like generators of scalable output 50-200 kWh)
![Page 19: Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia · Unconventional gas and oil potential in Estonia Sixth Seminar on Cooperation on the EIA Convention in the Baltic Sea Region September](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022070108/603d2e9af3f39068fc15c5d0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION