UML– Linked DataDutch best practice for transforming UML Application Schema to Linked

Data Ontologies

The approach centred around developing transformation rules for mapping from the source UML geo metamodel to the

target metamodel(s) for SKOS/RDF/SHACL/OWL implementations. The rules were developed on the basis of the existing metamodels but also on a use case about a test

case domain model: the Golf Course Domain Model and a related dataset

Paul Janssenp.janssen@geonovum.nlINSPIRE – Antwerp 2018

Content

UML legacy

Linked data revelation

UML – LD combination

UML – LD derivation

UniverseUniverse of Discourse(UoD)

model of model of

RDFmodel

UMLmodel transformation

Principal goal

UML legacy

NEN 3610 is de standaard voor het uitwisselen van geo-informatie, gebruikt UML als formele taal voor het vastleggen van semantiek en beveelt GML aan als technische uitwisselingsformat. NEN 3610 is hiermee niet voorbereid om semantiek en gegevensdeling en uitwisseling middels linked data te realiseren.

ISO TC/211

National standards

Domain standards

NEN3610Dutch GeoBaseModel

IMOOV

IMKL

IMKA

D

IMNAB

IMLG

IMWA

IMRO

IMKICH

IMWE

IMGeo

IM01

01IM

BRO

IMTO

PIM

Metingen

IM . . .

ISOISO

INSPIRE European practice

IMAE

R

Data exchange

Pyramid of specialzation

Silos extending common rulesStack of profiles and extensions

Pyramid of reuse and reference

reuse and references of ontologies

Universe of discourse for everyone

Anybody can say anything about anything

Use case defines universe of discourse

Domain defines vocabulary – domain standard

UML-GeoBaseModel

(NEN 3610)

Linked data

Functional layer

Centralized vocabulary

Domain  specifications

Generic functionalontologies

All concepts

domain-ontologie

Genericontologies time, geometry, location

temporal, identification

tree, road, buliding etc

Subset andreuse of concepts

ISO

Rules and semanticsnational

Domain models

Rules and semanticsinternational

Linked data revelation

Opening up the data Silos

Centralized vocabulary

- NOT IN COMPETITION -Fundamental differences relate to different use

casesUML and LD are complementary

UML model use case: data exchange, harmonized, controlled (environment), handled byapplications, (data quality centred). No surprises!

LD: data publication, open environment, ‘handled by the web’ (data access centred). Be surprised!?

Typical UML domainmodel use cases/concepts

1 codelists2 vocabularies of classes ‐ taxonomy3 data publishing ‐ exchange4 data validation5 vocabularies related, harmonisation

Typical LD model use cases/concepts

1 vocabulary, thesaurus2a Knowledge model (ontology) simple2b Knowledge model (ontology) complex3 web of data (publishing, sharing), semantic web4 Knowledge deduction5 artificial intelligence

UML – LD combinationUML – LD derivation

Let’s make UML and LD interoperable

UniverseUniverse of Discourse(UoD)

model of model of

RDFmodel

UMLmodel transformation

Building on existing knowledge:

ISO 19150-2: 2015 - Geographic information -- Ontology -- Part 2: Rules for developing ontologies in the Web Ontology Language (OWL)

INSPIRE - Guidelines for the RDF encoding of spatial data (ARE3NA)

UniverseUniverse of Discourse(UoD)

model of model of

UMLmodel

autom.transformation manual refinement

UML NEN3610metamodel

RDFGeoBase

metamodel

RDFmodel#2

RDFmodel#1

conforms to conforms to conforms to

• Use standardized vocabularies• Complex datatypes as concepts• Codelist values as concepts• Relating external concepts• Multiple inheritance• UML:Class not same as OWL:Class

RDFGeoBase

metamodel

UniverseUniverse of Discourse(UoD)

model of model of

autom. transformation manual refinementRDFmodel#2

RDFmodel#1

XSDdata

structuur

XMLdata

RDFdata

derived from

conforms to conforms to

Automatedconversioninputinput outputoutput

conforms to conforms to

Input Input 

UMLmodel

Relating MetamodelsOMG – 4 layermetamodel

M3

M0

M1

M2

Metamodels compared and mappedUML profile – RDF/SKOS/OWL/SHACL

OWLSHACL

SKOS

Testing on the golfcourse

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golf_field.svg

1 teeing ground2 water hazard3 Rough4 out of bounds5 sand bunker6 water hazard7 fairway8 green9 Flagstick10 hole

COINS - ontology

OroX - ontology

LD – General ontology

RDFGeoBase

metamodel

UniverseUniverse of Discourse(UoD)

model of model of

autom. transformation manual refinementRDFmodel#2

RDFmodel#1

XSDdata

structuur

XMLdata

RDFdata

derived from

conforms to

conforms to

Automatedconversioninputinput outputoutput

conforms to conforms to

Input Input 

UMLmodel

Still work in progress

Conclusions

UML-community and Linked data community are sharing views

UML -> LD conversions are being developed and understood

UML and LD are becoming interoperable